PROGRESS MONITORING WITH COMPUTER ADAPTIVE ASSESSMENTS: THE IMPACT OF DATA COLLECTION SCHEDULE ON GROWTH ESTIMATES

Although extensive research exists on the use of curriculum‐based measures for progress monitoring, little is known about using computer adaptive tests (CATs) for progress‐monitoring purposes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the frequency of data collection on individual and group growth estimates using a CAT. Data were available for 278 fourth‐ and fifth‐grade students. Growth estimates were obtained when five, three, and two data collections were available across 18 weeks. Data were analyzed by grade to evaluate any observed differences in growth. Further, root mean square error values were obtained to evaluate differences in individual student growth estimates across data collection schedules. Group‐level estimates of growth did not differ across data collection schedules; however, growth estimates for individual students varied across the different schedules of data collection. Implications for using CATs to monitor student progress at the individual or group level are discussed.     

Data surveillance in child protection systems development: an Indonesian case study

Objectives

Successful implementation of child protection program interventions and child and family welfare services is contingent upon the availability and use of good quality information, as emphasized by the recent Convention on the Rights of the Child's General Comment 13. Yet, the role of information within child protection is not well understood, and ongoing efforts to strengthen child protection systems have not systematically examined this critical function. Recognizing these shortcomings, the Government of Indonesia and UNICEF commissioned a study to identify a “road map” for a national child protection information system.

Methods

The used desk review, semi-structured interviews, focus groups and site visits to identify existing data collection practices, and analyze the appropriateness and efficiency of information management mechanisms from the national down to the community level.

Results

The results show that the prevailing situation in Indonesia is characterized by a lack of accurate information on all necessary aspects of child care and protection including magnitude of problems, causality analysis and impact of programmatic responses. There is no lead actor for child protection at the national level, and there are no agreed upon data collection priorities, procedures or methods for a shared data collection system.

Conclusion

The study suggests a need to reframe the dominant language from a “child protection information management system” to a “child protection surveillance system” to promote clearer data collection objectives and activities. Identifying a government ministry to lead child protection efforts and to forge closer partnerships among relevant actors will be required to support a national surveillance system. Additionally, addressing obstacles that limit child protection incident detection at the community level is critical. In addition to strengthening Indonesia's system, this study's approach and findings have the potential to help to inform ongoing child protection system development initiatives in other countries as well.     

A CROSS-NATIONAL STUDY OF THE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT IN CHEMISTRY CLASSES AT ALBANIAN,KOSOVAR, ROMANIAN AND TURKISH SECONDARY SCHOOLS

This study is part of a cross-national research entitled In the past and now: Constructivist practices in teaching chemistry—Bulgaria, the Balkans and Europe. The purpose of the research is to explore science secondary classroom environments in terms of the constructivist approach. The study has been carried out at international schools and state schools in Albania, Kosovo, Romania and Turkey. The data collection methods were three surveys: the What Is Happening In This Class? (WIHIC), the Constructivist Learning Environment Survey (CLES) and the Test of Science-Related Attitudes (TOSRA). The questionnaires were given to 747 secondary school students. The results show that in the majority of the surveyed classrooms, a blended traditional-constructivist type of environment is present. The highest scores for all three questionnaires were given by students of the international school in Kosovo. The traditional and test-oriented teaching in the Turkish schools surveyed explains the low degree of satisfaction and enjoyment of science lessons among Turkish students.     

ADMINISTRATIVE REORGANIZATION IN THE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Reorganization within the administrative structure of community colleges is an activity that has been much indulged in but little written about during recent years. This study was undertaken to determine perceptions of the roles that community college presidents play when reorganization within the administrative structure takes place. Colleges used for collection of data were two Texas metroplitan community college districts. Collection of data was limited to administrative changes from the division level through the president's level at each college. No attempt was made to study the district level or the department or curriculum levels.     

明朝前期官府藏书管理探析

明朝初年朱元璋撤销了专司官府藏书的秘书监，对有明一代官家藏书事业是一个致命的打击。然而从明初到明仁宗、宪宗时期，官府藏书事业并没有因此而衰败。究其原因，主要是明初大规模的图书征集，为这一时期官府藏书建设奠定了坚实基础；《永乐大典》的编撰，客观上又对官府藏书进行了必要的编目和整理，使明初官府藏书的管理工作在特定历史条件下得以延续。     

Effect of emotion-aware interventions on students’ behavioral and emotional states

The goal of this research is to investigate the effect of emotion-aware interventions on students’ behavioral and emotional states. To this end, we collected data from 12 students in the 9th grade in a high school in Turkey. The data collection took place in two sessions of an English Course. While the students were reading articles and solving relevant questions, our data collection application running in the background recorded the videos of the individual students through a camera and captured students’ screens in a non-intrusive manner. In total, we had 12.5 h of student data. We employed the human expert labeling process (HELP) (Aslan et al. in Workshop proceedings at international conference on intelligent tutoring systems (ITS), pp 156–165, 2016) to have the data labeled (150 h of data labeling in total). The data collection application was designed in a way that it also collected emotional self-labels (i.e., emotional states as self-reported by students at any time of learning). We leveraged emotional self-label information to suggest various real-time interventions for the students. The results obtained using the final expert labels showed that the percentage of the students’ Satisfied state was significantly higher after interventions. The results also demonstrated that although the interventions were triggered by the emotional states as self-labeled by the students and tailored to improve such states, there was a major positive impact of these interventions on students’ behavioral states. This preliminary study showed that even with a limited set of emotion-aware interventions based on self-labels, students’ states could be impacted positively. Conducting large-scale pilots leveraging more advanced interventions is a future direction for our research.     

数字时代儿童隐私数据的法律保障

我国儿童隐私数据保护观念实际较为欠缺,儿童隐私数据保护的法律规范存在不足,过于注重对数据的控制,对不同领域内儿童隐私数据收集、管理、使用等缺乏一种更为灵活和专业的规范模式。对此,需要重视儿童隐私数据保护观念的网络形成途径,并对儿童隐私数据的法律保障进行针对性研究的展开;同时,在规范偏重上实现由“控制”转变为“智慧监管”的保障方式,并细化行业协会规范,以“避风港”等制度的设立达到规范的“专业化”实现路径,从而使得儿童隐私数据的保护更具灵活和专业性。     

American and Greek Children’s Visual Images of Scientists

This study explores American and Greek primary pupils’ visual images of scientists by means of two nonverbal data collection tasks to identify possible convergences and divergences. Specifically, it aims to investigate whether their images of scientists vary according to the data collection instrument used and to gender. To this end, 91 third-grade American (N = 46) and Greek (N = 45) pupils were examined. Data collection was conducted through a drawing task based on Chambers (1983) ‘Draw-A-Scientist-Test’ (DAST) and a picture selection task during which the children selected between 14 pairs of illustrations those that were most probable to represent scientists. Analysis focused on stereotype indicators related with scientists’ appearance and work setting. Results showed that the two groups’ performance varied significantly across the tasks used to explore their stereotypic perceptions, although the overall stereotypy was not differentiated according to participants’ ethnic group. Moreover, boys were found to use more stereotypic indicators than girls, while the picture selection task elicited more stereotypic responses than the drawing task. In general, data collected by the two instruments revealed convergences and divergences concerning the stereotypic indicators preferred. Similarities and differences between national groups point to the influence of a globalized popular culture on the one hand and of the different sociocultural contexts underlying science curricula and their implementation on the other. Implications for science education are discussed.     

基于“一张表”平台推动面向高校教师的数据治理实践

为解决高校数据治理问题,文章首先对数据治理的定义、高校数据治理对象及其治理思路进行了分析,并引入面向高校教师的数据治理平台——"一张表"平台。随后,文章介绍了"一张表"平台的功能框架与功能特点,从数据同步、处理、采集、管理、反馈、控制等角度探讨了平台对教师数据治理的推动机制,并分析了平台对教师数据治理流程的重构。最后,文章介绍了"一张表"平台的数据治理成效,发现平台完善了数据资产、治理了难点数据、提升了数据质量,能有效地推动高校教师数据治理的实施。     

三层次视域下竞技武术的“西方模仿”

本文运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,从武术文化三层次入手,深入研究竞技武术的"西方模仿"因素。研究表明,竞技武术在"物器层"、"制度层"以及"精神层"上都对西方进行着深度的模仿。在这演变过程中,正是由于我们多年来一直以西方的审美价值观念来引导武术的变革,最终让武术进入了进退维谷的尴尬境遇。因此,我们应抛弃以西方体育和西方文化为标准,更不应以此来制约、裁剪我们博大精深的武术。否则将加速武术的消亡进程。若干年后,我们丢失的就不仅仅只是武术本身,而是失去我们整个民族在自我文化上的自尊和认同。     

书本式《全国报刊索引》在网络环境中的生存

书本式《全国报刊索引》曾经是深受研究者喜爱的检索工具,但是,在网络环境下,随着各种网络数据库的建立和逐步完善,它的优势和地位正在逐渐减弱。要改变这种被动局面,书本式《全国报刊索引》必须拓展收录范围,增加检索途径;利用资源丰富的优势,开展个性化服务,优化全文服务;同时,加大宣传力度,扩大品牌效应,以扬长避短,求得发展。     

论《明史·兵志》的价值

张廷玉《明史.兵志》作为今人研究明代军事制度必须参考的重要文献之一,其价值不容忽视。就其实用价值而言,它全面系统地保存了明代军制各方面的重要资料。不仅是今人了解和研究明代军事制度最易得的最为常用的专《志》和主要文献之一,而且还是了解明代科技发展状况的一个窗口。就其编纂价值而言,它具有体例完备、广搜博采、详考精裁、语言简洁等优点。就其史料价值而言,因其收录了大量《明实录》、《明会典》所未载的章奏疏议而具有独特的史料价值。     

混合方法研究:美国教育研究中的新范式

混合方法研究是指研究者在同一研究中综合调配或混合定量研究和质性研究的技术、方法、手段、概念或语言的研究类别。它是在美国质性、定量两种研究方法范式的争论中产生的。其理论基础是实用主义和系统哲学。混合方法研究程序设计包括确定研究问题、确定研究目的、选择研究方法、收集资料、分析资料、解释资料、使数据合法化、得出结论并撰写最终报告等步骤。其突出优势是在研究中能增加交叉性优势,压缩非重叠性弱势,提高研究的效度与信度。     

“学习共同体”中文学位论文的内容分析研究

近年来,"学习共同体"已逐渐成为教育界的研究热点之一。为了准确地认识"学习共同体"在我国的研究现状与发展趋势,以近十年(2002—2011)间我国有关"学习共同体"研究的硕博学位论文为研究对象,采用内容分析法从论文数量、研究内容、研究重心和作者单位四个维度进行分析,对在研究中发现的问题进行思考并提出相关建议,以期促进我国有关"学习共同体"理论与实践研究的发展。     

混和方法研究——美国教育研究方法的一种新范式

混和方法研究是指研究者在同一研究中综合调配或混合定量和质性研究的技术、方法、手段、概念或语言的研究类别;它是在美国质性--定量两种研究方法范式的争论中产生的;其理论基础是实用主义;混合方法研究程序设计包括确定研究问题、研究目标、选择研究方法、收集资料、分析资料、解释资料、合法化、得出结论并撰写最终报告等8个步骤;它的突出优势是在研究中能增加交叉性优势和压缩非重叠性弱势,提高研究的效度与信度.     

The Implications of Culture and Identity: A Professor's Engagement with a Reform Collaborative

In this study, part of a larger United States project investigating K16 teachers and science reform, we seek to understand how a science professor's participation in a large-scale reform effort affects her conceptions of teaching, teachers, and reform. The topic in this study concerned how the professor's teaching identity was modified and created by the reform effort as she mediated her participation. A multiple-method approach utilizing (a) semi-structured interviews/correspondences with four students and the professor, (b) classroom observations, and (c) field notes, comprised the data collection. Results indicated that, although the professor was inclined to try out new teaching strategies in her classroom, the project failed to create pedagogical dissonance thus leading to her lack of desire to accommodate a more inquiry-based pedagogy.     

Application of data collection techniques by human performance technology practitioners

By content‐analyzing 22 published cases from a variety of professional and academic books and journals, this study examines the status quo of human performance technology (HPT) practitioners' application of five major data collection techniques in their everyday work: questionnaire, interview, focus group, observation, and document collection. The result shows that Analysis and Evaluation phases have the most frequent application of data collection techniques by HPT practitioners. It also shows that during application, HPT practitioners usually apply more than one technique to collect data, and they collect data from more than one source. Information in the cases is limited regarding the rigor of using the various data collection techniques. Limitations of the study are discussed and future study has been suggested.     

教师技术采纳:以教学制品质量为依据

教师技术采纳是教育领域长期的研究热点,已形成了相关理论和研究范式,但存在数据采集依赖自我报告、量化方法脱离教学情境等问题。为了突破上述难点,本研究引入“教学制品”概念,通过检测制品质量以追踪生产者的知识和技能,从而将教师技术采纳的观测转化为数字化教学制品各项指标的动态演化。本研究利用一系列深度学习方法标注和量化制品质量特征,从技术运用、内容设计、教学设计等层面表征及量化教学制品质量,洞悉教师对技术理解的演变。研究发现,有关制品质量的证据对教师技术采纳具有更强的解释力,尤其是当教师接纳了新技术后,制品质量更能体现教师对技术理解的演变。分析结果表明,随着对技术理解的深入,教师在技术运用的灵活度、数字媒体学习设计的丰富度、师生会话中教学策略的掌控等方面都有所提升,这些结果可为教师技术采纳研究提供新的数据采集思路与量化评价方向。     

A longitudinal study of kindergarten children at risk for reading disabilities: the poor really are getting poorer

Over the past decade, educators and researchers concerned about children with reading disabilities have called for widespread adoption of early identification tools and early effective programming. This call may be the result of, in part, what Stanovich calls "Matthew effects in reading." That is, when stakeholders delay identification and support for young children struggling to read, the variance of individual differences in reading will inevitably increase, creating a widening of the gap between strong and struggling readers. In this longitudinal study, reading achievement data from 382 children were collected as they progressed from kindergarten through Grade 3. In kindergarten, children were screened with a battery of phonological awareness measures. Percentile rank scores were collected, and children were identified as having poor, average, or strong phonological awareness. As children moved through Grades 1, 2, and 3, reading-based data were collected in the spring of each year. Results indicated that, in general, as children progressed from kindergarten to Grade 3, those in lower ranks of reading achievement were likely to remain in the lower ranks, and furthermore, at each progressing data collection point struggling readers fell further behind their grade-level reading peers. In other words, as each year passed the variance between strong and struggling readers increased significantly. The authors hypothesized that this finding is consistent with the "Matthew effect"-the rich were getting richer while the poor were getting poorer.