从现场同声传译看同声传译策略的运用

同声传译的过程是译员激活自身的语言、文化图式,运用同声传译策略,实现交际目的一种策略性过程。常见的同声传译策略包括信息重组、顺句驱动、简繁有度、因时而动、适时调整、适当预测等。这六种同声传译策略各具特点与作用。在现场同声传译实践中,译员正是通过恰当利用这些策略,顺利地完成了同声传译任务。同时,研究还发现,了解同声传译策略是将陈述性知识转换为程序性知识,进而自觉运用于同声传译实践的必经之路。     

＂词块＂在同声传译中的运用

同声传译是一种受严格时间限制的极其复杂的口译活动,译员在接收原语输入的同时要完成语言感知、理解、转换和译出。词块可以作为整体存储在人的记忆中,口译时直接提取而不需进行语法分析和生成。在同声传译中有效运用词块,能够减轻脑力资源的消耗压力,提高同声传译译文的准确性和流利度。     

从Daniel Gile的“认知负荷模型”解析同声传译的困境

本文从Daniel Gile的“认知负荷模型”解析同声传译.Gile 假设同声传译可以看作是一个脑力处理模式,包含了三种精力,即听力和分析精力L、短期记忆精力M和话语产出精力P,从语言认知的视角来解析同声传译过程中译员完成各项任务的脑力分配,用认知科学的理论来指导同声传译译员的能力训练,从而改善工作表现     

浅谈同声传译技巧与训练

随着我国经济的发展,我国对同声传译的译员需求量与日俱增,同声传译这个口译中的分支行业具有非常优越的前景和发展空间。但是关于同声传译的检验标准和培训还没有形成体系,相关理论和研究还在探究阶段。同声传译具有跨文化交际的特征,因此高超的翻译技巧是同声译员必备的技能,本文将主要介绍顺句驱动,随时调整,适度超前三个主要技巧,以及训练同声传译译员的影子练习,视译以及倒数训练三种方法。     

试论同声传译中的省略

同声传译中的省略是指在同声传译过程中译员下意识地概括或者省去源语中不必要的信息,以保证同声传译的达意与流畅。同声传译中省略的类型主要包含以下几种：语言差别的省略,因起始误译而导致的省略,因前后文内容同义而发生的省略,因精力分配不合理而导致的省略,以及因理解失误而导致的省略等。     

同声传译中增补技巧的应用

同声传译是一个简单又复杂的过程,其中技巧的运用是很重要的.同声传译的译员可以在顺句驱动的前提下通过各种技巧的运用,达到同声传译的理想化.在这些技巧中,增补对于同声传译来说是很有效的一种方法.     

关于口译人才培养的几点思考

文章针对人们对口译五方面的认知误区进行了探讨,认为口译人才不全是外语专业出身,非外语专业中更有可塑之才;译员不必＂英年早退＂,终身从业不仅可以让自己的专业技能炉火纯青,还可以缓解国家译员紧缺的压力;口译人才选拔及培训中要对非智力因素给予足够的重视;培养译员不必循规蹈矩,盲目要求译员从＂忠＂从＂实＂未必就是上策;人为设置同声传译门槛只会造成同声传译人才的匮乏.     

试论同声传译中的省略

按照同声传译常规的质量标准,省略常常被认定为信息流失或者错误,然而,近年同声传译界内研究者认为,在由译员起沟通作用的双语交流中,“完全转述（（＂sayingitall＂）”的策略并不成功,而且也是不符合实际的。这一论点引起了本文作者极大的兴趣。作者已在同声传译的实践中积累了一定的经验,切身体会到在传译中百分之百的复述是不可能的,也无此必要。因此,作者拟在本论文中粗略探讨同声传译中省略的类型及作用。     

司声传译译员素质及同传预测试析

根据同声传译译员的特点,对同声传译译员素质与同传预测进行探讨．并基于工作实践提出提高同传能力的一些可行性策略。     

同声传译译员素质及同传预测试析

根据同声传译译员的特点,对同声传译译员素质与同传预测进行探讨,并基于工作实践提出提高同传能力的一些可行性策略.     

Issues Involved in Sight Translation:A Psycholinguistic Perspective

This paper is going to study the psycholinguistic issues involved in sight translation(ST),a hybrid of translation and interpreting,which takes a visual and verbal mode.It is generally believed that ST is a frequently applied mode of rendition in simultaneous interpreting(SI)as well as an integrated phase in SI training.Usually SI training begins with how to distribute attention and then move to ST which helps the trainees to acquire necessary techniques in consecutive interpreting(CI)and SI without text and learn to react quickly and improve their oral skills.Jean Herbert(1952)ever characterized ST as a type of simultaneous interpreting,which seemed to be accepted ever since at least from a theoretical standpoint.     

同声传译中口译停顿现象

及时、流畅是同传质量的一个重要标准。在同传活动中,表达策略、听辨理解、等待策略易导致译员较长时间的停顿,通过扩展词库、调整结构、平衡语速等方式可提高同传流畅度。     

An Experimental Report on the Correlation between the Articulation Rate of Target Language and Output Quality in E-C Simultaneous Interpreting

In the field of interpreting, the famous scholars Daniel Gile established interpreting models, which is known as Gile Model or Effort Model. Based on the Model, few scholars focus on the correlation between output articulation rate(AR) and influences quality(Q) in simultaneous interpreting(SI). But many beginners think that the faster one interprets, the better one performs. To check its reliability, the author expects to discover the correlation through experiment and aims at offering ways for trainees to adjust AR and helping them to improve SI quality in the learning process.     

浅谈同声传译中的二效兼顾

信息传递的效力和效率是关系同传质量的两个重要因素,二者关系紧密,必须兼顾.同传的时间压力和交际性质,以及口语的冗余特性都为二效兼顾提供了可能性.要做到二效兼顾,译员可以根据不同的情况采取不同的方法,在保证信息传递效力的同时,提高信息传递效率.     

解构规则对英汉同声传译自我训练的启示

同声传译一直被看作是最难的口译形式,它要求同传译员有极高的心智和操作技能。论文根据同传中最主要的一个难点,即何时"解构",结合同传实例,希望能对英语专业学生及同传爱好者进行自我训练有所启示。首先分析了解构规则的特点,如何化整为零、按意群切分语句等方法。然后,在其理论基础上进一步探讨译员如何主动断句、把握速度,以集中更多注意力于听解,保证同传的"基本同步"。     

基于眼动跟踪实验的视译轨迹研究

本文以认知口译学为理论基础,提出了TD眼动跟踪实验的视译（SI）研究方法,初步建构TD眼动跟踪的SI研究范式。研究者对所教授的非英语专业的83名本科生做了SI眼动跟踪实验。通过对被试者的TD眼动跟踪轨迹研究,实验数据解析及SPSS统计比较计算,发现：1）平均眼动跟踪轨迹TD占位率高于偏离率,且TD占位率越高,SI平均成绩就越高;反之亦然;2）眼动跟踪轨迹回视率越低,SI成绩就越高;反之,眼动跟踪轨迹回视率越高,成绩就越低。应对策略：1）TD占位策略：眼动跟踪轨迹紧跟TD;2）零回视策略：眼动跟踪轨迹正向流动,非逆向流动;3）认知灵动策略：积极认知TD内容,激活LTM信息,发挥WM功效,精准快速对应SL信息。     

The potential of supplemental instruction in engineering education: creating additional peer-guided learning opportunities in difficult compulsory courses for first-year students

Supplemental Instruction (SI) can be an efficient way of improving student success in difficult courses. Here, a study is made on SI attached to difficult first-year engineering courses. The results show that both the percentage of students passing a difficult first-year engineering course, and scores on the course exams are considerably higher for students attending SI, compared to students not attending. The study also shows that a higher percentage of female students attend SI, compared to male students. However, both genders seem to benefit to the same degree as a result of attending SI meetings. Also all students, independent of prior academic ability, benefit from attending SI. A qualitative study suggests that SI meetings provide elements important for understanding course material, which are missing from other scheduled learning opportunities in the courses.     

Application of formant instantaneous characteristics to speech recognition and speaker identification

This paper proposes a new phase feature derived from the formant instantaneous characteristics for speech recognition (SR) and speaker identification (SI) systems. Using Hilbert transform (HT), the formant characteristics can be represented by instantaneous frequency (IF) and instantaneous bandwidth, namely formant instantaneous characteristics (FIC). In order to explore the importance of FIC both in SR and SI, this paper proposes different features from FIC used for SR and SI systems. When combing these new features with conventional parameters, higher identification rate can be achieved than that of using Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) parameters only. The experiment results show that the new features are effective characteristic parameters and can be treated as the compensation of conventional parameters for SR and SI.     

浅谈口译训练中的记忆训练

许多人经常把口译技巧训练等同于记笔记训练。然而,从对吉尔的口译模式分析中可以看出,记忆力,尤其是短时记忆,是口译成功的关键。因此,口译技巧训练的第一步应该是记忆训练。结合短时记忆的特点,可以总结出三种有效的记忆训练方法,即逻辑整理练习、复述练习和影子跟读练习。     

电话口译职业化探究

通过追溯电话口译兴起至今40年(1973-2012)发展历程,对电话口译在世界各主要国家的研究与实践进行梳理,探析当前我国电话口译研究滞后的现状。从时间、资源、价格、心理需求等方面论述电话口译的优势,指出随着经济发展与科技进步,传统电话口译的制约因素将日渐减弱,电话口译行业发展潜力巨大。最后以电话口译工作特点为基础,提出电话口译教学培训的知识、技能、心理训练模式,以期为电话口译职业化做一些有益探索。