Task analysis ‐ its relation to content analysis 1

The origins, meaning, and elaborations of task analysis are discussed in relation to the design of instruction. Learning task analysis is described as having the purpose of identifying and classifying the performances that are the outcomes of learning, and also those subordinate performances that are prerequisite to such learning. As a technique, task analysis begins with the expected performance and works backwards to the stimulus situation (i.e., the “content"). This procedure contrasts with content analysis, which categorizes the components of existing content. It is argued that the procedures of task analysis can be employed, if desired, in analyzing existing content to reveal its probably intended outcomes. In addition, some problems are discussed in using task analysis to predetermine the characteristics of content for instructional design.     

Elastoplastic analysis of knee bracing frame

INTRODUCTION Steel framed structures are widely used in in-dustrial and commercial buildings. According to thedifferent lateral load resisting system, the steel framescan be mainly divided into four kinds (Fig.1a): themoment-resisting frame (MRF), concentricallybraced frame (CBF), eccentrically braced frame(EBF), and knee bracing frame (KBF). Fig.1b shows the difference in the lateral per-formances of the above frames that have similarstructural parameters. Although the MRF is an e…     

Static analysis of synchronism deployable antenna

INTRODUCTION Large antennas for space applications have some differences as compared to their counterparts de-signed and manufactured for ground usage. For a larger space antenna, the applied loads in space can be several orders of magnitude less than the gravity loading it is subjected to when being fabricated and assembled on the ground. Since the effect of gravity cannot be removed from any experimental verifica-tion performed on the ground, we must rely on the use of efficient and hig…     

Exploiting multi-context analysis in semantic image classification

INTRODUCTION The popularity of digital images is rapidly in- creasing due to improving digital imaging technolo- gies, and convenient availability facilitated by the Internet. Organizing these images into categories and providing effective indexing is imperative for real- time browsing and retrieval. Typically, existing im- age classification work such as that of Vailaya et al.(2001) follows the paradigm of content-based im- age retrieval (CBIR) technologies, i.e., representing images u…     

Advanced aerostatic analysis of long-span suspension bridges

INTRODUCTION Two examples of the great progress achieved inrecent decades in the design and construction oflong-span suspension bridges are the Akashi KaikyoBridge (1990 m) in Japan and the Great Belt Bridge(1624 m) in Denmark. Into the 21st century, longersuspension bridges are being planned, such as theMessina strait bridge in Italy (3300 m), and the Gi-braltar bridge between Spain and Morocco (5000 m)(Astiz, 1998), etc. In China, five large strait crossingprojects have been planne…     

Arc-length technique for nonlinear finite element analysis

INTRODUCTION Complete investigation of the nonlinear be-havior of structures must follow the equilibriumpath; identify and compute the singular points likelimit or bifurcation points, whose secondary bran-ches in the equilibrium path must be examined andfollowed. Several techniques to achieve the solu-tion pattern on the equilibrium path were presentedin literature. Load controlled Newton-Raphson me-thod was the earliest method in this regard; but itfails near the limit point. To overcom…     

Psycho‐analysis and teacher education II

Much debate about the teaching of educational theory has been couched in terms of what ideas should be taught. In this article I shall argue that how they are taught (or rather how they are learned) is somewhat more important, and that unless these two questions are considered together we are unlikely to get a better meshing of theoretical and practical discussion, either in the seminar room or in the school staffroom.     

Reliability analysis of DOOF for Weibull distribution

INTRODUCTIONStatisticalanalysisofreliabilitytestdatashowedthatwhenthefailurenumberexceeds 2 ,therearemanytestedmethodsforprocessingthisproblem (Zhangetal.1 989) .However,inthereliabilitytestofproduct,withtheappearancesofhighreliabilityunits,evenintheaccel…     

Probabilistic analysis of linear elastic cracked structures

This paper presents a probabilistic methodology for linear fracture mechanics analysis of cracked structures. The main focus is on probabilistic aspect related to the nature of crack in material. The methodology involves finite element analysis; sta- tistical models for uncertainty in material properties, crack size, fracture toughness and loads; and standard reliability methods for evaluating probabilistic characteristics of linear elastic fracture parameter. The uncertainty in the crack size can have a significant effect on the probability of failure, particularly when the crack size has a large coefficient of variation. Numerical example is presented to show that probabilistic methodology based on Monte Carlo simulation provides accurate estimates of failure prob- ability for use in linear elastic fracture mechanics.     

Teachers’ self-efficacy: progressing qualitative analysis

Teacher self-efficacy has predominantly been explored using quantitative instruments such as Likert scales-based questionnaires. Several researchers have questioned these methods, suggesting they offer only a limited view of the concept. This paper considers their claim by exploring the self-efficacy of UK secondary science teachers participating in a two-year professional development programme using both traditional quantitative scales and qualitative methods, including interviews and lesson observations. The findings support the suggestion that traditional quantitative scales do not fully capture teacher self-efficacy and highlight inconsistencies between self-efficacy assessments through the different research approaches. We argue that to achieve a more complete and comprehensive picture of teacher self-efficacy, it is essential that traditional quantitative approaches are better triangulated and integrated with other sources of data, in particular lesson observations. We offer an emerging approach of how qualitative data sources might be used to develop this comprehensive picture.     

Multi-sensor image registration using multi-resolution shape analysis

INTRODUCTION Image registration plays an important role in the fusion of remote sensing, video panorama, medical image processing, etc. (Li et al., 1995; 2004; Brown, 1992; Belongie et al., 2001; Rui et al., 2001). More different than video panorama, the registration of multi-sensor image needs to align the multi-sensor images of the same scene from different sources (Rignot et al., 1991). Multi-sensor image registration is widely used in the fusion of panchromatic images with infrared i…     

Error analysis and the EFL classroom teaching

This paper makes a study of error analysis and its implementation in the EFL （English as Foreign Language） classroom teaching. It starts by giving a systematic review of the concepts and theories concerning EA （Error Analysis）, the various reasons causing errors are comprehensively explored. The author proposes that teachers should employ different and flexible error treatment strategies in accordance with the teaching objectives, students＇ linguistic competence, their affective factors and the effectiveness of the error correction.     

Performance analysis of an iSCSI-based unified storage network

INTRODUCTIONNASisatermusedtorefertostorageele mentsthatconnecttoanetworkandprovidefileaccessservicestocomputersystems.Incommonusage ,aNASsystemisaspecial purposedevicethatisdesignedtoservefilestoclientsoveraLAN .Therearemanybenefitsinthearchitec ture:heterogeneousfilesharing ;internalre sourcepooling;exploitationoftheexistingin frastructure;simplicityofimplementation ;con nectivity;improvedmanageability;reductionoftotalcostofownership ;andsoon .Butinprac tice,therearestillmanydrawbacks…     

Application of causality diagram in system safety analysis

Causality Diagram （CD） is a new graphical knowledge representation based on probability theory. The application of this methodology in the safety analysis of the gas explosion in collieries was discussed in this paper, and the Minimal Cut Set, the Minimal Path Set and the Importance were introduced to develop the methodology. These concepts are employed to analyze the influence each event has on the top event - the gas explosion, so as to find out about the defects of the system and accordingly help to work out the emphasis of the precautionary work and some preventive measures as well. The results of the safety analysis are in accordance with the practical requirements; therefore the preventive measures are certain to work effectively. In brief, according to the research CD is so effective in the safety analysis and the safety assessment that it can be a qualitative and quantitative method to predict the accident as well as offer some effective measures for the investigation, the prevention and the control of the accident.     

Quantitative analysis of a panel of gene expression in prostate cancer——with emphasis on NPY expression analysis

Objective： To investigate molecular alterations associating with prostate carcinoma progression and potentially provide information toward more accurate prognosis/diagnosis. Methods： A set of laser captured microdissected （LCM） specimens from 300 prostate cancer （PCa） patients undergoing radical prostatectomy （RP） were defined. Ten patients representing ＂aggressive＂ PCa, and 10 representing ＂non-aggressive＂ PCa were selected based on prostate-specific antigen （PSA） recurrence, Gleason score, pathological stage and tumor cell differentiation, with matched patient age and race between the two groups. Normal and neoplastic prostate epithelial cells were collected with LCM from frozen tissue slides obtained from the RP specimens. The expressions of a panel of genes, including NPY, PTEN, AR, AMACR, DD3, and GSTP1, were measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR （TaqMan）, and correlation was analyzed with clinicopathological features. Results： The expressions of AMACR and DD3 were consistently up-regulated in cancer cells compared to benign prostate epithelial cells in all PCa patients, whereas GSTP1 expression was down regulated in each patient. NPY, PTEN and AR exhibited a striking difference in their expression patterns between aggressive and non-aggressive PCas （P=0.0203, 0.0284, and 0.0378, respectively, Wilcoxon rank sum test）. The lower expression of NPY showed association with ＂aggressive＂ PCas based on a larger PCa patient cohort analysis （P=0.0037, univariate generalized linear model （GLM） analysis）. Conclusion： Despite widely noted heterogeneous nature of PCa, gene expression alterations ofAM,4CR, DD3, and GSTP1 in LCM-derived PCa epithelial cells suggest for common underlying mechanisms in the initiation of PCa. Lower NPY expression level is significantly associated with more aggressive clinical behavior of PCa; PTEN and AR may have potential in defining PCa with aggressive clinical behavior. Studies along these lines have potential to define PCa-associated gene expression alterations and likely co-regulation of genes/pathways critical in the biology of PCa onset/progression.     

Inclusive education in Sweden? A critical analysis

When it comes to pupils in need of special support and pupils with disabilities, Sweden’s compulsory school system is sometimes considered a one‐track system. This article analyses and critically discusses current policy and practices at various levels of Sweden’s compulsory school system for these pupils. The analysis traces three themes at the national and municipal levels: (1) values and goals; (2) organisation and placement of pupils; and (3) importance of categories in obtaining support. A rather complex picture emerges from this analysis. Several conclusions are made: (1) state policies leave a lot of room for interpretation at the municipal and school levels, and this results in an extensive variation; (2) Swedish state policy is not as inclusive as is often stated; (3) celebration of difference seems to be hard to achieve; (4) learning goals can be a double‐edged sword with regard to inclusion; and (5) most pupils appear to enjoy participation in school, and in an international perspective, Swedish classrooms seem to be largely democratic.     

The stylistic analysis of the poem the bells

This paper analyzes the stylistic feature of the poem from the perspective of its theme,its sentence pattern     

Dynamic performance analysis model of high-reliability EMS-Maglev system

In this paper, a modified transient finite element (FE) algorithm for the performance analysis of magnetically levitated vehicles of electromagnetic type is presented. The algorithm incorporates the external power system and vehicle’s movement equations into FE model of transient magnetic field computation directly. Sliding interface between stationary and moving region is used during the transient analysis. The periodic boundaries are implemented in an easy way to reduce the computation scale. It is proved that this method can be used for both electro-motional static and dynamic cases. The test of a transformer and an EMS-Maglev system reveals that the method generates reasonable results at very low computational costs comparing with the transient FE analysis.