“生活·实践”教育视野下学校教育改革探索

“生活·实践”教育是周洪宇教授提出的扎根于中国大地的教育理论,是一种基于生活、生命、实践的新教育思想。本文从全面发展的人的培养目标、绿色高分数的素质目标、“六合一”学校教育功能定位、“合育”教育机制、重视意商等方面分析了“生活?实践”教育视野下学校教育改革框架,接着从“三备三研”“高效课堂”“双课程体系”“双师制”“学导合作单”“自主学习体系”“弹性教学模式”“教学质量保障”等方面阐述了“生活·实践”教育视野下学校教育改革实践,最后分析了“生活?实践”教育视野下学校教育质量保障体系。     

An exploration of the impact of the Emotional Literacy Support Assistant (ELSA) programme on wellbeing from the perspective of pupils

ABSTRACT

The Emotional Literacy Support Assistant (ELSA) programme is an evidence-informed intervention delivered by teaching assistants and supervised by educational psychologists. In this research, semi-structured interviews were conducted to investigate the impact of the ELSA programme on wellbeing from the perspective of pupils. A thematic analysis of the data set identified the following themes: “Feelings and Emotions”, “Engagement”, “Resilience”, “Hopes and Aspirations” and “Relationships”. The findings suggest the ELSA programme has a perceived positive impact on multiple components of pupil wellbeing. These components include positive emotions, negative feelings, engagement, resilience, optimism, accomplishment and relationships, as described by the New Economics Foundation (NEF) and Seligman’s “PERMA model”. The positive wellbeing changes experienced by the pupils occurred through strategies, talking, and forming a close relationship with the teaching assistant. Overall, this research provides evidence to suggest a positive impact of the ELSA programme on pupil wellbeing.     

Computer-Assisted Tutoring in Success for All: Reading Outcomes for First Graders

Abstract

This article presents a randomized experiment evaluating a computer-assisted tutoring program. The software program, Alphie's Alley, provides reading tutors with assessment and planning tools and performance support. It provides students with animated presentations and engaging activities. In a yearlong study involving 25 schools using the Success for All reading program, 412 low-achieving first graders were randomly assigned to be tutored daily for 20 min with or without Alphie's Alley. Tutors were also randomly assigned. On individually administered reading measures, controlling for pretests, there were no significant differences overall, but among students with tutors rated as “fully implementing,” those who experienced Alphie's Alley scored significantly better on three of four measures. These results suggest that if well implemented, technology that enhances the performance of tutors has promise in improving the reading performance of at-risk children.     

What can Interpersonal Process Recall (IPR) offer academic development?

Abstract

Academic development is often seen as a compliance activity, divorced from the teaching context and what teachers are trying to achieve in their classroom. In this case study, we researched Interpersonal Process Recall (IPR) as a reflective, non-judgmental approach to help tutors identify coherence between their teaching intentions and practice. Our results provided evidence that IPR helped tutors reflect on ways to improve their teaching. It also led to unexpected ‘discoveries’ not typically afforded by conventional academic development. We conclude that IPR offers a formative, teacher-focussed and contextual approach that has not been clearly defined in the literature. We offer the IPR model followed in this study for academic developers and researchers alike.     

Perceptions of junior doctors and undergraduate medical students as anatomy teachers: Investigating distance along the near‐peer teaching spectrum

Near‐peer teaching involves more experienced students acting as tutors and has been widely used in anatomy education. This approach has many advantages for the learner due to the social and cognitive congruence they share with the teacher, however, the influence of distance between the teacher and learner on these congruences has yet to be explored. The aim of this study was to compare the attitudes and perceptions of the student learner towards neuroanatomy review sessions taught by either a senior medical student or a junior doctor. The students were randomly assigned to an allocated tutor. All tutors used standardized material and had access to identical resources. The type of allocated tutor was swapped between the two teaching sessions and 99 student feedback forms were collected in total. The rating for the overall quality of the teaching session was not significantly different between the junior doctors and senior medical students (P = 0.11). However, criteria closely relating to social and cognitive congruence such as “enjoyment of the session,” “delivery of the teaching,” and “was it a good use of time” were all rated significantly higher for the senior medical students (P < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that small increases in distance along the near‐peer teaching spectrum have an impact upon the student's perception of their learning experience. While all teachers were suitable role models it appears that junior doctors are too far removed from their own undergraduate experiences to share congruences with pre‐clinical medical students. Anat Sci Educ 7: 242–247. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

An assessment of Rev. Professor Timothy J. Corcoran's major works in the field of Irish educational historiography

Abstract

The initial and inservice education and training of adult tutors has been described as “the biggest challenge facing the field of adult education” (UNESCO 1985). Studies and reports from many countries suggest that although the importance of, and the necessity for such preservice education is clearly recognised, few substantive efforts to meet this challenge have been made.

This paper attempts to unravel the factors contributing to inadequacies in the preparation and training of professionals in the field of adult education. In Ireland, as in other countries, a host of organisations and agencies make provision for the education of adults. However, adult education is virtually “invisible” in contrast to other sectors of education. The situation is due, mainly, to the lack of status ascribed to, or achieved by adult education. The structural location, the content and the process of adult education have been identified as the major contributory factors responsible for this low‐status. Inadequate provision for the preparation, training and retraining of adult educators is one of the causes of the low status of adult education and also the effect of such status.

The “patternless mosaic” of agencies providing courses and their attempts to offer professional training to their personnel are examined and some remedies to up‐grade both the status of the adult educator and the totality of adult education are suggested.     

Improving student learning in distance education: Theory,research and practice

The aim of this paper is to examine how project-based learning in distance education can be seen to make a distinctive contribution to “improving student learning”. How has this approach to course design and assessment been put into practice in an Open University (OU) course and what assumptions about teaching and learning are involved in this course development process. The paper also looks briefly at how this project component has been evaluated by describing students’ and tutors’ experiences of learning and teaching in the form of “action research” so to reflect critically on practice and so initiate change.     

A Self-Guiding Communities Approach

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the leadership characteristics of effective Colorado Outward Bound school instructors and develop criteria which might be useful in their selection. A biographical inventory questionnaire was developed and administered, along with the FIRO-B personality test, to 130 instructors and assistant instructors at the Colorado Outward Bound school. Profiles of instructors and assistant instructors rated “most effective” and “least effective” were compared to determine if statistically significant differences between the two groups existed. Statistical evidence was found relating a limited number of biographical characteristics to leadership effectiveness. There was no statistical evidence linking personality characteristics and leadership effectiveness.     

高职院校专业课程与思政课程协同育人的路径

在高职教育中,专业课是课程思政的基本载体。为推进高职院校专业课程与思政课程协同育人,要以教师队伍为“主力军”、以课程建设为“主战场”、以课堂教学为“主渠道”,形成协同效应。相应地,从打造“双导师”教师队伍、构建“双育人”课程体系、拓展“多渠道”课堂教学3个方面提出专业课程与思政课程协同育人的有效路径,对推进课程思政建设具有重要意义。     

“三位一体”语文阅读教学共同体及其构建策略

“三位一体”语文阅读教学共同体是指以学生为“中位”(中心)、以教师为“主位”(主导)、以家长为“辅位”(辅助)、以阅读任务为客体(对象)、联通课(校)内外的一种课堂教学组织形式。它是在学习共同体理论启发下,为改变语文阅读小组合而不作的情况,促进学生语文核心素养的全面发展而提出来的。“三位一体”语文阅读教学共同体以合作学习为形式,共同提高为目的,超越了时空的限制,组织上具有自主性和灵活性,阅读过程具有平等性和自由性,内容上具有开放性和多样性。这些特性赋予了“三位一体”语文阅读教学共同体新功能,为构建立足课堂、融通课内外的语文阅读教学共同体提供了理论依据。“三位一体”语文阅读教学共同体需从教师、学生、家长等多方面进行构建。     

Following One's Nose in Reading W. G. Sebald Allegorically: Currere and Invisible Subjects

In education, we are concerned with the teaching and learning of subjects, but the word “subject” can refer to the discipline being studied as well as the individual who is studying. In this essay, Teresa Strong‐Wilson explores this “double entendre” (which William Pinar refers to as the “double consciousness”) of curriculum studies through the analogy afforded by German author‐in‐exile W. G. Sebald's working through of difficult subjects by way of semi‐autobiographical writing that takes the form of an “invisible subject”: a preoccupation with an unnamed injustice entangled with his own upbringing. Curriculum theory, as currere, has foregrounded the autobiographical. While the place of autobiography in curriculum studies has often been taken to mean writing (especially of a confessional sort), currere is more an allegorical method of study, of intellectual engagement, of learning through reading and writing, and of teaching so as to open spaces for agency. Strong‐Wilson suggests that Sebald can provide a strong example for us in curriculum studies of how to ethically bring into being an allegorical, autobiographical practice focused on “invisible” subjects of deep concern.     

Field Instruction and the Mature Student

Abstract

As increasing numbers of mature students enter schools of social work, it is a challenge and an obligation for field instructors to discover ways to recruit and sustain them in the educational endeavor. Building upon three theoretical perspectives-Freire's pedagogy of the oppressed, Knowles's andragogy, and Schon's reflective learning and teaching, this paper highlights ways in which field instructors can build upon the strengths of mature students to enhance their development as professional social workers. It discusses “parallel process”, “learning styles”, and “contracting” as proactive strategies to fully engage mature students in attaining a graduate degree.     

金课理念下“物流信息系统”课程教学生态构建

“物流信息系统”是物流管理专业的核心专业课程,是学生理解和掌握以信息化、智能化为特征的现代物流理论和技术的重要基础.课程组以打造国家级“金课”为目标,引入生态系统理论视角,分析了金课的内涵以及对物流信息系统课程的要求,通过执行教师指导下的“以学生为中心”的教学理念,推行线上线下混合式教学模式,提出立体化、纵深式“四位一...     

“They Even Speak Tsotsitaal with Their Teachers at School”: The Use (and Abuse) of African Urban Youth Languages in Educational Contexts

Abstract

African Urban Youth Languages (AUYLs) are increasingly coming under the spotlight of linguists and sociolinguists across the continent, who are investigating their relationship to standard and/or vernacular varieties. Simultaneously, they are being discussed by educators and education researchers, although little has yet been published in this critical area. The difficulties for educators posed by students speaking “non-standard” varieties has been highlighted by recent studies investigating literacy and language in the classroom. This article presents an overview of some of the challenges posed to education by AUYLs. It considers recent studies of AUYLs in educational contexts from around the continent. It then presents data from South Africa which highlights different orientations towards the South African AUYL “Tsotsitaal” in educational domains. The argument is made that the position of both teachers and pupils is vulnerable, and that the legitimacy of the distinction between standard language and urban vernacular language needs to be reconsidered.     

Der Einfluß der romantischen Naturphilosophie auf die Physikdidaktik

Abstract

The “Naturphilosophie” of German romanticism was a rather short-lived phenomenon. It flourished between 1800 and 1820 and later on became an outsider's position. This period was too short to establish any significant influence in schools. Only a very few textbooks presenting physics theories based on “Naturphilosophie” exist. But the attitude to nature and to scientific research that was typical for Romanticism remained a topic of didactical discussion even when “Naturphilosophie” itself had become obsolete. The central aspects of this attitude are characterized and their expres-sions in the teaching of physics are discussed. lt is shown how this attitude without the background of “Naturphilosophie” lost its central position in the relation of man and nature and became marginal within the spectrum of pedagogical goals even for its supporters.     

Teaching and development: Solving “missing addend” problems using subtraction

The study presented here will examine the connection between teaching and development, focusing in particular on how children solve “missing addend” story problems. Vygotsky’s theory of development will serve as the framework. Ordinarily, when second graders are forced to solve a problem of this type by choosing an arithmetic operation (+ or ?), half of them fail. The most frequent error is choosing addition. The subjects in the experiment presented here were second graders who had always been given the opportunity to use objects or drawings to “act out” (model) the actions expressed in the problem statament. They had never been in the above “forced-choice” situation. Moreover, they had been taught to use a “forward strategy” to solve subtraction problems like 42–36 (to get from 36 to 40, it takes 4; and then to get to 42, it takes 2 more) and a “backward strategy” for subtraction problems like 42–6. When given the following missing-addend problem: “Pierre has 63 pieces of candy and paul has 4. Paul wants to have the same number of pieces as Pierre. How many pieces of candy must Paul buy?” none of these children performed an addition, approximately half did a subtraction, and the others succeeded by using a breakdown strategy or a drawing. The overall success rate was 92%. The results obtained suggest a way of operationalizing the notion of “zone of proximal development” for problem solving of this type.     

Peer Coaching of At-Risk Students in a Remedial Mathematics Course

Remedial mathematics at the college level has evidenced strikingly low retention and passing rates. It has been shown that at least 25% of the variation in student performance is explained by students’ affective variables such as attitudes, study skills, and mathematics anxiety. This study endeavored to address affective variables by: (a) incorporating the teaching of study skills into an elementary algebra course; and (b) identifying at-risk students and assigning these students “coaches,” who functioned both as tutors and counselors, providing regular personalized assistance. The results showed that the attrition rate was significantly lower in the treatment groups, and the overall passing rate for coached students was significantly higher.     

A Study of Student Disciplinarian Practices in Two Georgia High Schools

Abstract

In thin study pupil control Ideology was conceptualized along: a continuum ranging from “custodialism” at one “extreme to “humanism” at the other. Hypotheses were deduced from a conceptual framework which emphasized the saliency of client control in organizations with unselected clients. Data for student teachers (N = 282) were collected from students who completed their student teaching experience during the 1065-06 school year at Oklahoma State University; the instruments were administered and completed in group meetings both before and after student teaching. It was hypothesized that student teachers would be significantly more custodial in their pupil control Ideology after the student teaching experience than before; separate tests of the hypothesis were made at both the elementary and secondary levels. Ail hypotheses tested were confirmed at a level of significance beyond the .001 level.     

Attitude Toward Mathematics and the Predictive Validity of a Measure of Quantitative Aptitude

Abstract

The distribution of inter-test sums of squares for 7,021 freshmen was found to be markedly skewed positively. Formens high variability was usually due to a relatively lower English score; for women, a lower mathematics score. The “high-variables” (sum of squares 100 or more) had higher variances on each of the tests than did the “low-variables.” High-variable men were most likely to have mathematics as their highest score and social studies as lowest; for women, high social studies and low mathematics was the most likely combination. For men, the numbers of “high- variables” majoring In mathematics and “low-variables” in English were disproportionately high. Fathers of high- variable men had an education that was either higher or lower than the modal level for all the fathers.     

Twenty Years of General Education in China: Progress,Problems, and Solutions

Abstract

General education is a subject with rich contents and that is highly contested in the field of higher education studies. It has been highly praised for its core concepts such as broad educational targets, liberating educational objectives, and balanced educational content. Looking back at the course of general education in China over the past 20 years we can find “top-down” cultural quality education (文化素质教育) and “bottom-up” general education (通识教育) have formed two stages with clear “characteristics,” with the first decade being mainly cultural quality education, and the most recent decade having had general education gradually enter the mainstream and reveal native qualityistics. This change has led the practice of general education to turn from being government led to university autonomy, and also reflects the increasing depth of Chinese exploration into general education. China’s practice of general education still faces problems with integrating major-based professional education and general education, and must adopt suitable solutions.