Problem-based learning in formal and informal learning environments

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centered instructional strategy in which students solve problems and reflect on their experiences. Different domains need different approaches in the design of PBL systems. Therefore, we present one case study in this article: A Java Programming PBL. The application is developed as an additional module for the Learning Management System (LMS). This way the LMS is extended by PBL functionality and the LMS learning resources can be used in PBL.     

A case study: Problem-based learning for civil engineering students in transportation courses

This paper describes two case studies where problem-based learning (PBL) has been introduced to undergraduate civil engineering students in University College Dublin. PBL has recently been put in place in the penultimate and final year transport engineering classes in the civil engineering degree in University College Dublin. In this case study, the paper describes how PBL was introduced, the impacts of its introduction and the feedback received by students regarding PBL. PBL was introduced in these years to help students to become deep and active learners and to help them in the transition from passive note taker to researcher and lifelong learner.     

Problem-based learning effectiveness on micro-blog and blog for students: a case study

Problem-based learning (PBL) is regarded as an effective learning strategy to enhance cognition not only in traditional learning but also in e-learning. In e-learning settings, blogs and micro-blogs can plausibly provide a platform to conduct PBL. Recently, most studies on blogs and micro-blogs have respectively probed satisfaction and learning effectiveness. However, little effort has been made to explore their effectiveness on learning. Therefore, this study explored an application of a PBL approach on a micro-blog and blog by seventh-grade students taking an information ethics course; in particular, the effect of a micro-blog and blog on student learning with different learning achievement levels. Moreover, results showed that the micro-blog had more effect on PBL for low achievement students compared to the blog. This study suggests that using a micro-blog for PBL is more appropriate for the sake of maximizing learning effectiveness, if generally considering students with different learning achievement levels.     

通过专业援助促进研究性学习质量的提高

研究性学习是一种自主、积极的学习方式,其开发和实施需要具有专业视野和专业才能的专家、学者、专业团体的支持和帮助。他们的专业援助将极大地促进研究性学习质量的提高。其援助的形式包括专家志愿者服务岗、虚拟专家库、专业团体和机构的培训服务、专业团体和机构的成果引入等方面。     

基于问题的学习评价研究进展

基于问题的学习(problem-based learning,PBL)在医学教育领域已广泛应用。但是,目前为止还没有统一有效的PBL评价方法。发展与PBL教育理念相适应的评价体系是PBL有效实施的关键。本文旨在通过对近年来国内外PBL评价现状的梳理,为进一步研制系统的、科学的PBL评价体系提供借鉴。     

基于问题的学习对大班幼儿元认知发展的影响

本研究以深圳市某幼儿园76名大班幼儿为被试,采用等组前后测实验设计,实验班实施PBL教学,对照班实施传统教学,探讨基于问题的学习对幼儿元认知能力发展的影响。结果表明实验班幼儿后测元认知得分与对照班存在显著差异,即PBL教学有效促进了幼儿元认知能力的发展;实验前后,实验班幼儿在元认知总分以及元认知知识、元认知体验、元认知监控上的得分均存在显著差异,可以说PBL教学促进了幼儿元认知的全面发展。这可能是因为PBL教学通过创设问题情境、对问题进行分析讨论以及自主学习和小组合作等方式,促进了幼儿元认知能力的全面发展。     

Problem-based learning used in the context of cardiac rehabilitation: different scenes and different roles

Several studies show that how patients have difficulties in changing lifestyle even though such changes are essential because they are suffering from a life-threatening disease. Coronary artery disease (CAD) patients met 13 times during a year and used problem-based learning (PBL) to improve their empowerment and self-efficacy in making lifestyle changes. District nurses functioned as tutors, helping patients to formulate issues and to state self-care goals. To identify and describe the enactment of PBL, an ethnographic approach was used, including, for example, participant observations and interviews, all derived from six sessions of the education programme. Five different enactments were found, metaphorically expressed as: ‘The study circle’, ‘The classroom’, ‘The expert consultation’, ‘The therapy session’ and ‘The coffee party’. The education programme did not always function as it was supposed to according to the model, but perhaps this should not be seen as a failure of the pedagogical intervention since these enactments as a whole seem to be a way for the patients to be able to make healthy lifestyle changes. The metaphors can broaden the understanding of what can happen when implementing problem-based learning in health care practice.     

对基于问题学习的初步探讨

建构主义者提出许多改革教学的设想,其中基于问题学习（PBL）是促进知识建构的一条崭新的思路。作为一种新兴的教育与学习手段,PBL在未来必定能够得到大力的发展。“科教兴国”战略的实施,“素质教育”“创新教育”的大力推行,为基于问题学习的兴起创造了良好的社会环境。就PBL的基本模式、学习过程、主要特点及其存在的问题进行简要分析和探讨,希望能起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

论基于问题式学习（PBL）的有效实施

基于问题式学习是一种与建构主义学习理论及其教学理论相吻合的教学模式,近年来受到教育界的广泛重视,但在我国中小学中实施要考虑其效度问题。只有充分理解和把握实施PBL的要素,处理好实施PBL的相关问题,才能使PBL的实施更有实效。     

基于问题的学习模式在教育心理学课程教学中的应用

“基于问题的学习”（PBL）以情境性的、结构不良问题为核心,以描述与定义问题为导向,构成自己独特的学习过程模型,其问题对学习者的学习发挥导向、监控和评价功能。PBL模式在教育心理学课程中的应用需分析外部情境条件、学习者内部条件和问题特征等因素,与传统教学相比,PBL尤其关注师生关系的定位,重视学生之间的交流与合作,强调学生对知识生成过程的体验。     

Questioning to learn and learning to question: Structure and function of problem-based learning scenarios in environmental science education

In problem-based learning, scenarios relating to real life areused as a point of departure for the learning process. Eventhough the importance of suitable cases or scenarios in bringingabout a fruitful learning process is emphasised in theliterature, few studies focus on how they actually function inthe learning process. This study focuses on how the scenariosused in a ten-week introductory course of a new four-yearundergraduate programme in environmental science functioned interms of the structure and content of the questions they evoked.Data were gathered through diary notes from nine groups ofstudents, comprising 5–8 students per group. The data weresubjected to a qualitative analysis aimed at describing thestructure and content of the questions generated by the groups.Five different kinds of questions were identified and labelled;encyclopaedic, meaning-oriented, relational,value-oriented and solution-oriented. All scenarios generated questions pertaining to all five categories in all groups, butthe emphasis varied. The results are discussed in relation to thedesign of scenarios, and in relation to students' approaches tolearning.     

The relationship between student-generated learning issues and self-study in problem-based learning

A major assumption of problem-based learning (PBL) is that learning issues, generated by students while discussing a problem, are used as guides for self-directed learning activities. This assumption, though basic to PBL, has never been tested. At the University of Limburg, the Netherlands, two procedures have been developed that reflect the extent to which students are able to identify important learning issues given a particular problem, and whether subsequent, independent, learning corresponds with these learning issues. The focus of the present article will be on the relationship between the two. We have explored to what extent student-generated learning issues are a major factor influencing the nature of students' self-study, or whether other factors may be involved in decisions on what to study and how much time to spend on topics selected. First, the production of learning issues was studied and represented as the percentage of overlap between learning issues raised by students and pre-set faculty objectives for each problem. The second procedure consisted of the administration of a Topic Checklist (TOC) which purports to measure students' actual self-directed learning activities. The TOC consists of a list of topics specifying the intended course content. Students were asked to indicate on a five-point Likert scale how much time they had spent studying each topic and to what degree they had mastered that topic. Third, learning issues and TOC topics were compared directly in a qualitative sense. Comparisons between the procedures revealed that a low proportion of variance of TOC scores could be predicted from the percentage of faculty objectives identified for each problem and the direct match between learning issues and TOC scores. It is concluded that scrutinizing student-generated learning issues and topics covered during self-study may provide information about what content is covered by students in tutorial groups. The discrepancy between the results of the measurements suggests, however, that learning issues produced during group discussion are not the sole source on which students base self-study decisions. Several other factors may be involved, such as tutor guidance, content already covered in previous units, issues raised during sessions with resource persons, and the nature of the learning resources available. Therefore, the relationship between learning issues and content covered during self-study is not as straightforward as is suggested.     

输入频次类型对大学生英语语义韵学习的影响研究

该研究考察输入频次类型对中国大学生英语语义韵学习的影响,并分别考察该频次效应与外显学习和内隐学习的关系。北京某大学69名本科生参加了不同频次（高语类或高语符）输入的语义韵学习对比实验,测量工具包括短语判断测试、问卷和访谈等。结果显示,高语符频次比高语类频次在一定程度上更能促进英语语义韵的学习,且该频次效应对内隐学习影响较大。研究发现语类频次对能产性的促进作用要以一定量的语符频次为基础。     

基于认知负荷理论的问题式教学探究

问题式教学有利于增强学生的问题意识、培养学生解决问题的能力,被广泛应用于教学实践中。认知负荷理论为问题式教学的有效实施提供了新的理论指导。在分析认知负荷理论的核心观点与问题式教学特点的基础上,构建了基于认知负荷理论的问题式教学模式。该模式运用了一定的教学策略控制内部认知负荷,减少外部认知负荷,提高相关认知负荷,将问题式教学过程中可能产生的认知负荷总量控制在学习者的认知负荷范围内,保证了问题式教学的高效实施。将该教学模式应用于教学实践中,发现认知负荷理论对问题式教学的实施确实有积极的促进作用。基于实践反思,文章总结了基于认知负荷理论的问题式教学的优势及建议,以期为开展问题式教学提供一些有益的参考。     

Application of Problem-based Learning Mode to Biology Review for National Entrance Examination

基于问题式学习的教学模式,已逐渐进入中小学课堂。本文依据基于问题式学习模式设计了两个专题复习案例,以探索新的学习方式,示范该模式在生物高考专题复习中的运用。     

高师公共心理学问题式学习教学模式的构建

公共心理学是高师院校必修的一门教育类基础课程,针对该课程在教学中普遍存在的教学目标模糊、教学内容繁杂、教学方法陈旧和教学评价单一等一系列问题,在该课程教学中构建任务、情境、问题、角色和资源等五位一体的问题式学习教学模式,实现“教、学、做”一体化,能够使学生学以致用,在专业知识、实践技能和问题解决能力等方面得到有效提升,促进学生全面发展,最终适应社会的发展需求。     

问题式学习(PBL)在高师公共心理学教学中的应用

高师公共心理学是高师院校一门重要的专业必修课,但目前实际的教学效果不佳,不能发挥应有的作用。可以借鉴目前欧美的一种新颖的上课方式——问题式学习(PBL),并应用于高师公共心理学教学中以检验其效果。     

Students' Perceptions of the Technological Supports for Problem-based Learning

This paper reports students' perceptions of the technological supports that assist problem-based learning (PBL). There are a number of tasks in the PBL processes, which can be supported by technological advances. A Web-based system has been developed to support the problem-based learning strategy. The system provides facilities to both teacher and students to facilitate learning and teaching. These include on-line teaching materials retrieval, a discussion area for problem analysis and brainstorming, a facility for project planning and monitoring, a private group area for the purposes of discussion, a facility for the submission of development work and learning resources, and a posting area to display good work to motivate students. The progress of the students can be monitored and feedback can be given to them. This paper presents a pilot study of student views of and preferences for various technological supports used to enhance learning effectiveness.     

移动通信技术支持下的基于问题的学习

移动通信技术的高速发展给我们的学习方式带来了巨大的冲击。文章介绍了基于问题的学习(PBL)的定义及实施环节,比较分析了传统课堂中的PBL、网络环境下的PBL和移动通信技术支持下的PBL,阐述了移动通信技术支持下的PBL的巨大优势:学习不受时空的限制性、学习情境的真实性、交互的及时性、学习资源的丰富性等,并设计了移动通信技术支持下的PBL学习模式,以期为业内学者提供一定的参考。