大学英语合作写作过程中同伴间对话研究

合作型写作已在大学英语写作课堂中越来越受到重视和认可。通过对合写者间的互动对话进行定量和定性分析,探寻合写时合作者关注的主要问题有哪些以及解决这些问题的主要策略。研究结果表明,写作内容层面和语言层面的问题是合作者讨论关注的重点,这一点与写作者个体写作时的情况类似。面对合写时的认知冲突,合写者往往通过讨论协商,重建思维,解决分歧。同时,同伴间的互动往往促成"集体性语言建架"的形成,有利于同伴间的互相学习。     

大学生英语写作中的名词化研究——基于语料库的考察

本文使用语料库对比中国大学生和本族语学习者在写作中使用名词化结构的情况,探讨中国大学生在写作中使用名词化结构的特征。研究结果显示:中国大学生与本族语学生在书面语中使用名词化结构存在显著性的差异,中国大学生在写作中使用名词化结构比本族语学生要少;不同水平的中国大学生在写作中使用名词化结构存在显著性的差异,高年级学生在写作中使用名词化结构比低年级的学生多;但高年级学生使用名词化结构的频率与本族语学生相比还有相当的距离,说明中国学生在使用名词化结构的时候可能存在语言僵化的现象。     

对中国英语学习者在议论文写作中选词错误的研究——基于语料库的调查

研究关注中国英语学习者在英语议论文写作中的选词错误情况,研究者从“北京语言大学中国学生英语笔语语料库”中选取了两组不同水平学习者的语料进行比较调查。参考James（1998）对词汇错误的分类,研究者把语料中的选词错误分为7类：误用形近词、误用固定搭配、从母语直译、凭空造词、误用近义词、错误理解词的指示义和具体语境选词不当。通过分析数据,研究者发现了两组不同水平学习者在选词错误方面的一些特点和差异,并且有针对性地对英语词汇教学和写作教学提出了一些建议。     

Using modeled writing to support English-only and English-learner second-grade students

This study compared 70 English learners (ELs) and English-only (EO) second-grade students' writing samples before and after a yearlong writing program. The school utilized Write From the Beginning (J. Buckner, 2006) and focused on personal narratives. A subgroup of students also participated in an intervention supporting expository writing on curricular topics. Sociocognitive theory framed the Modeled Writing (MW) used in this study. An analysis of covariance used prescores on 2 writing assessments to compare students' writing achievement at the end of the year, and t tests compared students' writing by gender, language, and group on various pre- and posttest scores. Results indicate that MW benefited both EOs and ELs and that the MW students outscored the controls on all items of the standardized writing assessment at year's end. The comparison affords greater understanding of writing development and achievement differences among young ELs and EOs and suggests instructional and research opportunities.     

Using peer feedback in a Master's programme: a multiple case study

This article draws on the findings of a longitudinal case study, which investigated the writing experiences of five students who spoke English as an additional language (EAL). The major interest was in examining what it was like to be an EAL writer and what changes occurred in EAL students' perceptions of academic writing and of themselves as academic writers during their one-year Taught Masters course at a major UK University. This article reflects on the perceptions of peer feedback held by research participants and their engagement with providing and receiving peer comments. Although peer feedback is often viewed as an attractive tool for supporting student writing, most participants did not fully capitalise on the benefits of these practices. Such factors as students' lack of prior peer feedback and their perceptions of peers' ability to provide valid feedback constituted potential barriers to the success of peer feedback. The article suggests that the use of well-structured collaborative activities and tutors' intervention are required for peer feedback to be effective.     

医学本科生大学英语写作策略调查

论文以某医学本科院校为例,通过问卷及访谈的方式,利用数据分析研究了该校低年级本科生在英语写作过程中采取的策略,及不同水平学习者采取写作策略的差异.研究发现:医学本科生广泛地对写作前与写作后的策略使用不足,同时,英语水平高低学习者对写作策略的使用存在显著差异.     

A Study of the EFL Writing of Chinese Learners: A Critical Narrative

Writing is often a massive challenge for the learners who study English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Many EFL practitioners are searching for solutions to help learners improve the level of their writing. In this auto-ethnographic study, two narratives are discussed. In the first narrative, the primary challenges of EFL writing encountered by a cohort of Chinese international students studying in Australia are narrated and then examined from the perspective of a Chinese EFL researcher. In the second narrative, the author’s personal experiences of EFL writing are recounted, with a focus on dialogical awareness and identity construction of an EFL writer. The interactive relationship for EFL learners between English learning and identity construction is discussed. In conclusion, the author reflects upon a dialogic model of EFL teaching and learning in the Chinese cultural context and calls for the setting up of interactive contact zones to help the identity construction of Chinese learners in their EFL writing practices as well as in EFL teaching and learning.     

中国英语学习者的写作模式初探

本文对中国大学生利用电子邮件与讲英语为本族语的交际对象进行互动交际和利用传统纸和笔写作这两种二语写作模式进行了比较分析,发现传统纸笔写作信息承载量大,注重形式上的连接,是典型的结果写作法;而利用电子邮件写作是在真实的环境下的一种循环式互动交际过程,所写语言具有口语化、个性化、真实化的特点,更加注重对写作内容的挖掘和拓展。因此,利用得当,电子邮件可以真正促进二语写作从结果写作向过程写作的转换。     

EFL Writers' Attitudes and Perceptions toward F-Portfolio Use

Atitudes toward and perceptions of using Facebook as a portfolio-keeping tool in teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) writing. In general, existing research reveals primarily positive effects of Facebook on educational activities, and research on portfolio keeping in EFL writing shows both benefits and problem areas. Thus, the current study aims to investigate EFL writers’ attitudes toward using Facebook as a portfolio (F-Portfolio) tool and their perceptions regarding its benefits and problems. The sample group consisted of 101 EFL learners. A portfolio attitude scale, portfolio contribution questionnaire and a portfolio problem questionnaire were used to collect data. Four results were obtained from the study: (1) EFL writers have positive attitudes toward the use of F-Portfolios in EFL writing; (2) F-Portfolios improve EFL learNo results have been reported regarding at- ners’ knowledge of vocabulary and grammar, as well as their research, reading and writing skills; (3) EFL learners perceive some problems during the F-Portfolio process; and (4) some independent variables are significantly correlated with a limited number of items in the scales.     

Tutor feedback on draft essays: developing students’ academic writing and subject knowledge

Providing feedback on draft essays is an accepted means of enacting a social-constructivist approach to assessment, aligning with current views on the value of formative feedback and assessment for learning (AFL). However, the use of this process as a means of improving not only content but also students' academic writing skills has not been widely studied, despite a widespread perception that there is scope for intervention at university level. This article explores the developmental potential of a drafting/tutor feedback/redrafting process on a first-year undergraduate course for trainee English language teachers at a UK university. The aims of this small-scale, largely qualitative study were to ascertain students' perceptions of the process and to determine the extent to which the process could contribute to the development of students' academic writing. Data are derived from first and second draft essay marks and questionnaires administered to 32 students. Findings suggest that feedback on drafts is acted on and can contribute to improved work when it is timely and detailed and when it raises students' metacognitive awareness, as was the case in this project. Also noteworthy, however, are the students' perceptions that redrafting is cognitively challenging and time-consuming. Comments from a less academically confident student with regard to the quantity of feedback and its detrimental impact are of particular concern. Questions are raised regarding the use of tutor reformulation, the sustainability of AFL and the provision of feedback to – and its interpretation by – weaker students. Finally, some key indicators for improved future practice are presented.     

大学英语写作策略训练研究

探索大学生英语写作自主是完善大学英语写作教学的一种有益尝试。从学习者写作策略训练的理论层面探讨学习策略的内涵及意义、国内外学者对写作策略的研究、学习者写作策略训练的内容以及在策略训练中应注意的问题等,以期对完善大学英语写作教学提供参考。     

How the experience of assessed collaborative writing impacts on undergraduate students’ perceptions of assessed group work

A time-series analysis was used to investigate Arabic undergraduate students’ (n = 50) perceptions of assessed group work in a major government institution of higher education in Qatar. A longitudinal mixed methods approach was employed. Likert scale questionnaires were completed over the duration of a collaborative writing event. Additionally, open-ended questionnaires were administered after the students received their grade for their term paper. This study found that the participants’ perceptions were positive towards assessed group work throughout the duration of the event, changed in a statistically significant way after the submission of the first piece of formally assessed work, and are temporal and liable to change depending on what is experienced. The results of this study suggest that: assessed collaborative writing is a feasible pedagogical tool within higher education; undergraduate learners place value on group work as it enables them to collaboratively generate, share and develop their ideas; and researchers who investigate perceptual or attitudinal changes should consider whether their study requires time-sensitive methodology.     

英语专业学生在英语写作中的自主性研究——写前计划自主性策略分析

以英语专业二年级学生为调查对象,分析了他们在英语写作中写前计划阶段的自主性策略运用情况。研究结果表明,英语专业二年级学生在写作计划阶段能够自主运用一些写作元认知策略和写作认知策略,表现出了一定程度的自主性,但不同水平的写作者的策略运用情况存在显著差异：写作成绩好的写作者较多运用相关自主性策略,而且写作策略的运用又进一步促进了写作的顺利完成。科学合理的写作策略培训可以提高学习者的自主性,从而促进他们的写作学习。     

Promoting cross‐cultural awareness and understanding: incorporating ethnographic interviews in college EFL classes in Taiwan

The emergence of the incorporation of culture into EFL education is a growing trend in Taiwan. The purpose of the study was to examine: (1) the effects of the ethnographic interview project on Taiwanese students' cognitive development in understanding native English speakers and their cultures; (2) changes in students' self‐awareness and understanding of both the target culture and their own; and (3) students' perceptions of the ethnographic interview project employed in EFL college classes. Data were collected through pre–post questionnaires, oral and written reports, classroom observation and interviews. Results indicated that participation in the ethnographic interview project helped facilitate the development of cross‐cultural awareness and communication skills by providing opportunities for students to gain insight into the values of target language countries, learn to view their own culture in new ways, increase their confidence in using English to communicate and view authentic communication as the goal of EFL learning. The majority of the participants saw the ethnographic interview project as an effective means of facilitating intercultural/interpersonal communication and understanding.     

EFL学习者在学术写作中的主要问题及对策

EFL学习者在学术写作中还面临着诸多问题,突出表现在写作文体非正式性、过分强调写作＂成品＂性自主性动机匮乏上。在此情况下,实施以＂过程写作法＂为中心的学术写作教学势在必行。＂过程写作法＂大致包括六个写作阶段,其反馈方式主要有三种（教师编辑、同伴编辑及自我编辑）。正确实施运用＂过程写作法＂可以提高EFL学习者的英语学术写作能力。     

过程教学法理念指导下的英语写作教材设计研究

在以英语作为外语的写作教学活动中,占主导地位的教学方法主要有三种:结果教学法、体裁教学法和过程教学法。目前国内高校英语专业所采用的教材多根据结果教学法理论和体裁教学法理论编写,与这两种教学方法相比,过程教学法有这二者无法比拟的优势,目前在很多高校和中学的英语写作教学课堂中使用,但是和这种教学方法相匹配的教材目前却少之又少。对这三种主要英语写作教学理论进行比较分析并尝试提出基于"过程教学法"理论的英语写作教材的编写原则,具有非常重要的理论和实践研究价值。     

Using emotional intelligence in an EFL integrated writing assessment

The use of integrated writing tasks instead of traditional impromptu writing-only tasks is gaining ground in the teaching and assessment of EFL/ESL writing. Source text as the distinct feature of the integrated writing and the concern to improve its quality for the enhanced students' engagement has been a fertile line of inquiry. In this regard, the present study used a body of 67 Iranian intermediate EFL learners in three modalities: emotionalized reading-to-write (ERW) group which received emotionally-loaded source texts along with the emotional activities based on Goleman's Emotional Intelligence framework, reading-to-write (RW) group which developed their essays based on the texts with no focus on their emotional content and a writing-only (WO) group as the control group which followed the traditional writing procedure. The findings showed that ERW group outperformed RW group on the integrated writing tasks. In addition, ERW group performed better than the RW and WO on the overall independent writing task. Furthermore, the emotional intelligence of the students in the ERW group improved more than that of the RW and WO groups in the study. The study discusses that the emotional content of the source text followed by the emotionalized activities would significantly enhance the learners’ engagement with the source text in the reading-to-write tasks and consequently improve their writing. The implications and suggestions for further research are next discussed.     

Promoting intercultural understanding and reducing stereotypes: incorporating the cultural portfolio project into Taiwan's EFL college classes

Learning about foreign language (FL) cultures is becoming an important objective in the FL curricula and national standards of different countries throughout the world. The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of the cultural portfolio project on: (1) students' concept development in their perceptions of the target language culture and their own; (2) students' evaluation of stereotypes towards English‐speaking cultures; and (3) students' self‐awareness and perception of EFL (English as a foreign language) and cultural learning process. Data were collected from students' cultural portfolio projects, classroom observation, and interviews. Results indicate that through the cultural portfolio project, students engaged in active learning, gained insight into specific aspects of the target language cultures and became more aware of the diversity within these cultures, and developed their ability to think critically instead of automatically accepting cultural information.     

对中国英语学习者在议论文写作中使用连词和连接副词情况的研究

本研究关注中国英语学习者在英语议论文写作中使用连词和连接副词的情况,研究基于“中国学生英语1：7笔语语料库”（SWECCL）和研究者自己建立的一个小型英语母语者参照语料库。参考Halliday＆Hasanf1976）对连接副词的分类和Crystal（1996）对连词的描述,研究者把研究对象确定为and—moreover（并列关系）,but—however（转折关系）,和so—therefore（因果关系）三组连接词。比较不同水平的学习者之间以及和母语者之间使用连接词的语境的差异。通过分析数据,研究者发现了中国英语学习者使用连词和连接副词的一些特点和问题,并且有针对性地提出了一些建议。     

Teaching narrative writing using comics: Delainey and Rasmussen,the creators of Betty,share their composing strategies as rich literacy resources for elementary teachers

The author explores how comics texts and writing practices are rich literacy resources for educators. Few studies report on how teachers explore such texts and practices in their classrooms. The author examines how drawing improves students' narrative writing and presents findings from a 7‐month case study of Delainey and Rasmussen's collaborative composing routines. Delainey and Rasmussen are the creators of the daily syndicated comic strip, Betty, an internationally published family comic strip that has been in newspapers for 20 years. The author explores Delainey and Rasmussen's collaborative routines and composing practices and provides parallel suggestions for classroom work.