Has Consultation Achieved Its Primary Prevention Potential?

Since the practice of consultation first began, primary prevention has been posited as an important outcome. In this article the empirical basis for this element of consultation is examined. It is concluded that consultation's preventive benefits should not be oversold, as at this time there is only emerging evidence for this aspect of the process.     

Facilitators and Pitfalls in the Use of Consultation Strategies: Prospective Special Educators’ Self-Reflections on Audio-Recorded Consultation Sessions

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to explore how prospective special educators (PSEs) used and experienced different types of consultation skills in consultation sessions they held with general educators. The participants were 17 PSEs in Finland attending a course in which problem-solving stages and communication skills were taught. The PSEs’ self-reflections on the audio-recorded consultation sessions were analyzed using an interpretative hermeneutical approach with qualitative content analysis. The strategies they used can be described as creating frames and clarity, applying reflective listening, offering keys and lifelines, and supporting the change. The results concerning facilitators indicated that the PSEs found both problem-solving stages and communication skills useful. Several pitfalls indicated that although the PSEs were aware of the consultation skills, they were still unable to apply them flexibly. The results indicated that self-reflection can be used as a tool in PSEs’ consultation training, but as a complement, more supervised consultation training is also needed.     

Statement from Journal’s Editorial Leadership: Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation as an Interdisciplinary Outlet for Transformative Consultation Research From Across the Globe

ABSTRACT

To aid potential authors, this statement is an overview of the core values and editorial goals of the current editorial leadership of Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation. The key pillars are that we value research that (a) supports culturally responsive practice and social justice, (b) reflects varied research methodologies and traditions, (c) originates and investigates consultation topics across multiple professional disciplines, and (d) reflects global practice.     

Applying Motivational Interviewing to School-Based Consultation: A Commentary on “Has Consultation Achieved Its Primary Prevention Potential?,” an article by Joseph E. Zins

Despite a decade of advances since Zins' 1995 article on prevention, much work lies ahead to make prevention everyday consultation activities for school psychologists. To foster prevention efforts, this commentary discusses how motivational interviewing in school-based consultation (a) might peak consultees' initial interest in change, and (b) address barriers to successfully implementing and maintaining change plans.     

Collaborative Consultation With Families of Children With Special Needs: Why Bother?

The increased participation by parents of children with special needs in the development and implementation of educational and treatment programs has created opportunities for collaborative contacts among the involved professionals and the parents. Professionals can assume a collaborative consultation orientation that can serve to empower parents who in turn are likely to remain lifelong support systems for their children. In this article, we examine the parameters of collaborative consultation in conjunction with the need to develop a family orientation within the consultative process.     

Conjoint Behavioral Consultation: Community–School Collaboration and Behavioral Outcomes Using Multiple Baseline

A plethora of literature suggests that collaborative partnerships among families, educators, and outside service providers are necessary and beneficial to address behavior problems, but there continues to be a lack of coordination among these stakeholders. The current study used conjoint behavioral consultation (CBC) to facilitate the development and implementation of collaborative intervention plans. Parents, teachers, and an outside mental health provider worked together to create and support behavioral intervention plans that were implemented at home and school. The results of this multiple baseline study indicate that collaborative interventions developed through the CBC process were effective in improving behavior at home and school. More specifically, visual analysis of the data, along with calculated effect sizes, showed an increase in the percentage of time that all 3 participants complied with expectations during problematic routines at home and school. Implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.     

Experimental Effects of Student Evaluations Coupled with Collaborative Consultation on College Professors’ Instructional Skills

This experimental study concerned the effects of repeated students’ evaluations of teaching coupled with collaborative consultation on professors’ instructional skills. Twenty-five psychology professors from a Dutch university were randomly assigned to either a control group or an experimental group. During their course, students evaluated them four times immediately after a lecture (class meeting in which lecturing was the teaching format) by completing the Instructional Skills Questionnaire (ISQ). Within 2 or 3 days after each rated lecture, the professors in the experimental group were informed of the ISQ-results and received consultation. Each consultation, three in total, resulted in a plan to improve their teaching for the next lectures. Controls received neither their ISQ-results nor consultation during their course. Multilevel regression analyses showed significant differences in ISQ-ratings in the experimental group compared to the control group, specifically on the instructional dimensions Explication, Comprehension and Activation. In addition, the impact of each of the three consultations plus differences between targeted versus non targeted dimensions were analyzed. This study complements recent non-experimental research on a collaborative consultation approach with experimental results in order to provide evidence-based guidelines for faculty development practices.     

Relationships Between Home Literacy Practices and School Achievement: Implications for Consultation and Home–School Collaboration

In a 5-year longitudinal study of typical literacy development (Grades 1–5 or 3–7), relationships were examined between (a) parental responses to questionnaires about home literacy activities and ratings of children’s self-regulation at home, both completed annually by the same parent, and (b) children’s reading and writing achievement assessed annually at the university. Higher reading and writing achievement correlated with engaging in more home literacy activities. Parental help or monitoring of home literacy activities was greater for low-achieving than for high-achieving readers or writers. Children engaged more minutes per week in reading than writing activities at home, but parents provided more help with writing and reported computers were used more for homework than for school literacy instruction. Parental ratings of self-regulation of attention remained stable, but executive functions—goal-setting, hyperactivity, and impulsivity—tended to improve. Results are translated into consultation tips for literacy learning and best professional practices.     

Close But No Cigar (Yet): A Commentary on “Has Consultation Achieved Its Primary Prevention Potential?,” an article by Joseph E. Zins

More than a decade ago, Joseph Zins (1995) hypothesized that consultation had the power to prevent children from developing academic, social, emotional, and related problems. To date, empirical research has yet to fully validate its value. This commentary discusses the potential benefit of consultation as a preventive measure, identifies ways to overcome barriers to implementation, and recognizes that more research is needed to fully validate its use as a primary prevention strategy.     

Timeless and Timely Advice: A Commentary on “Consultation to Facilitate Planned Organizational Change in Schools,” an article by Joseph E. Zins and Robert J. Illback

This commentary on Zins and Illback's (1995) Zins, J. E. and Illback, R. J. 1995. Consultation to facilitate planned organizational change in schools. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 6: 237–245. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] article, Consultation to Facilitate Planned Organizational Change in Schools, argues that the authors provided a solid foundation for well-planned, proactive, sustainable, internally-driven systemic change in schools that has yet to be widely realized. Their school organizational change model and more recent change models provide guidance for realizing a change from an individual, remedial focus to a population-based and preventative practice.