关于教师反思性实践的批判性反思

为提升教师的实践智慧,反思性实践成为许多学者认同并大加欣赏的一种实践形式。但是,反思性实践的本质是反思还是实践？反恩性实践与一般的教育实践有何区别？教师在进行反思性实践时是趋于教师专业共同体的共同认识还是始终保持自己的人格化的特质？本文试图从反思性实践的本质、反思性实践的知识论、反思性实践的主体观以及反思性实践的合理性等维度对反思性实践进行批判性反思,以求获得关于反思性实践的合理性认识。     

Reflective Practice in Physical Education and Physical Education Teacher Education: A Review of the Literature Since 1995

Reflection and reflective practice are key concepts in the educational literature as well as in research on physical education (PE) and physical education teacher education (PETE). The purpose of this article is to review the current empirical knowledge base for reflection and reflective practice in PE and PETE from 1995 to 2011. The review includes empirical research published in peer reviewed journals on the topics on reflection and reflective practice in the contexts of PE and PETE. There were 33 articles included in the review. Most of the research is conducted in the PETE context, where it was found that pre-service teachers do develop their reflective capabilities. However, the results also indicate students make little progress on critical reflections. In the PE context, it was found that teachers express a need for reflective communities. Theoretical and methodological challenges with the reviewed literature are discussed and suggestions for further research proposed.     

Educating for Good Work: From Research to Practice

ABSTRACT

Launched in 1995, the GoodWork Project is a long-term, multi-site effort to understand the nature of good work across the professional landscape and to promote its achievement by relevant groups of students and professionals. In this essay, the authors review the goals and methods of the initial research project and its most salient findings. They describe the GoodWork Toolkit, a versatile instrument that consists of actual dilemmas faced by professionals, along with exercises designed to make the issues salient to those who use the Toolkit. Introduced as well is a system of classification of the dilemmas, in terms of their applicability across the professional landscape; and a review of the range of educational settings in which GoodWork materials have been utilized.     

A Critical Review of the Literature on Electronic Networks as Reflective Discourse Communities for Inservice Teachers

Over the past two decades, computer mediated communication (CMC) technologies have been used in a variety of efforts aimed at fostering teacher learning and teacher collaboration. This study is an attempt to closely examine the literature on the use of electronic networks for creating reflective teacher communities. We found that many teacher networks pursued the goal of building learning and reflective communities for teachers. Much was expected out of electronic teacher networks both as a practical solution to the stubborn problems in teacher professional development and as a new agent to create what is difficult to realize in face-to-face situations. However, we found a general lack of rigorous research on these networks. Little is known about the effectiveness of these networks on teacher learning. Few seriously examined to what degree the networks indeed were communities that promote reflective discourses.     

制度伦理视域下的教师评价制度:困境、原因及改进

我国教师评价制度体系由聘任、资格认定制度;考核制度;奖励制度三类制度所构成。从制度伦理视角分析,教师评价制度伦理困境表现为:本身囿于"正当性"危机;个体利益和社会利益存在裂隙;权利与义务分配失衡以及教师"自由精神"逐步丧失。其根本原因在于,教师评价制度设计的"国家"功利主义取向和制度的"正义"性缺陷。公意契约的形成和价值观念的完善,是制度本身走出伦理困境的必要取径。     

教师教育改革的理论、模式与实践

实现教师教育的专业化、职前职后的一体化是国际教师教育的发展趋势,进行教师教育改革既是建设创新型国家、实施人才强国战略的必然要求,也是教师教育市场开放态势下市场竞争和高等师范院校间综合实力竞技以及基础教育和学生就业双刃剑作用下的必然结果。从各师范大学的改革实践来看,教师教育的培养模式正趋于多样化。通过教师教育改革,可以实现教师教育与学科教育的相对独立,使教师教育与学科教育专业化;实现教师职前培养与职后培训一体化,使教师教育体系更加完整;实现教师教育资源的整合与共享,使教师教育资源发挥更大的效力;实现教育科学研究与服务社会的有机统一,使理论与实践的结合更加紧密;实现高等教育质量与基础教育质量的共同提高,使教师教育与基础教育形成联动关系;实现与国际教师教育高等院校合作,使教师教育办学形式国际化。     

Reflective Voices: Valuing Immigrant Students and Teaching with Ideological Clarity

Students who are not part of the dominant culture need teachers that have a clear understanding of their role as cultural workers (Freire, 1998). Moreover, it is imperative that teachers who work with immigrant children become reflective about their ideology and how their belief systems impact their interaction with culturally diverse families. In order to help immigrant students acquire the necessary academic skills to succeed in our society, teachers must also be supportive and aware of the delicate and nonstatic process of acculturation, which children undergo as they interact with a new culture, language, or reality that may not be in tune with their previous experiences. In this article, we will hear the voices of four novice teachers, as they critically examine assumptions they hold about their most disadvantaged students, and as they strive for ideological clarity in their practice.     

行动研究对教师信念、反思实践和直觉知识的培育

行动研究被认为是促进教师专业发展的一种重要方式,也是教师从事研究的一种最好方式。改变教师信念,促成教师成为反思实践者,以及培育教师直觉知识是行动研究对教师专业发展起关键作用的变量。     

近代中国高等教育研究范式的批判与反思

目前关于近代中国高等教育的研究范式，如移植替代论、依附发展论等，不能全面、真实地揭示近代中国高等教育变革的历史真相。近代中国高等教育研究，应该回到作为剧作者和剧中人的中国近代教育实践者的思想与活动这一主线索上来。     

教师教育研究的实践意蕴--布迪厄实践理论对我国教师教育研究的启示

作为社会实践活动的教师教育,除了具有教育实践的一般特征之外,还有其自身发展的逻辑.对于教师教育的研究不能用理论的逻辑代替实践的逻辑,教师教育研究要面对实践形态的教师教育,要将一种实践状态的教师教育现象作为自己的研究对象,去寻找实践的轨迹,解释实践的逻辑.用实践的理论来分析,用实践的逻辑来思考,用实践的话语来表达对教师教育实践的研究,正是其实践意蕴之所在.     

Teaching Organization Theory and Practice: An Experiential and Reflective Approach

The organization is often the overlooked level in social work's ecological perspective. However, organizational realities exert a profound influence on human development and well‐being as well as the nature and quality of social work practice. This article describes a model of teaching organization theory and practice which requires master's social work students to assess their school of social work as well as their field placement agencies. Teaching organization theory and practice experientially may help students understand how organizations influence practice and empower them to see organization practice as a legitimate and important aspect of their work.     

天津教师教育一体化的理论与实践

中国的教师教育正处于转型和建设时期,正在由传统的"封闭式"定向型师范教育模式向现代的"开放式"非定向型教师教育模式的转变过程中。在这个转型期间,理论界、高等师范院校、基础教育界和教育管理部门都在理论和实践上积极探索教师教育的办学模式、课程设置、管理体制等。教师教育的核心是实现职前教育与职后教育的有机结合,构建一体化的教师教育体系。天津在实施教师教育一体化方面进行了具有重要意义的理论探索和实践。     

Developing Professionalism through Reflective Practice among Pre-Service Teachers at the National University of Lesotho

This article is based on a study which aimed to explore the use of reflective practices to develop professionalism among pre-service teachers at the National University of Lesotho. The study sought to contribute to the local and international debate on best practice in encouraging and scaffolding constructivism through reflective practice among teachers. Forty final year pre-service teachers participated in the study and were interviewed individually and in groups. They shared their conceptions and views about how they plan to engender professional growth in their own teaching. By engaging in this exercise, this group of future teachers was empowered to develop into reflective professionals. The findings are discussed against the Centric Reflection Model which posits the different stages and dimensions of the reflective exercise. The author argues that reinforcing reflective dispositions could promote professional growth, and decrease misconduct and lack of professionalism associated with some teachers in Lesotho.     

论研究本位的教师教育理念与实践

教师研究是教师专业发展的重要途径。研究本位的教师教育模式成为当前世界教育变革的主题。研究本位的教师教育旨在培养实践反思型教师,而不是专业的研究者。本文阐释了研究本位的教师教育的内涵、范式及其改革实践。研究本位的教师教育主要包括目标定位、课程开发、教学方法以及大学与中小学合作伙伴的教师教育研究等四个方面的策略。     

Examining Service-Learning Literature in Physical Education Teacher Education: Recommendations for Practice and Research

Service-learning is a teaching strategy designed to provide learners opportunities to transfer theory to practice in an authentic environment while concurrently meeting genuine needs in the community. The reciprocal nature of service-learning differentiates this pedagogy from other learning venues including field experiences, internships, and student teaching. Recently the interest surrounding, as well as the utilization of service-learning, has grown in numerous academic disciplines including physical education teacher education (PETE). PETE research investigating the impact of service-learning in regards to student and community outcomes is also emerging. The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the current PETE service-learning literature. Components of the review include examination of theoretical frameworks, exploration of the impact of service-learning on PETE students and community participants, and recommendations for practice and future research.     

对一位反思型教师成长的追索——一项质的个案研究

本研究运用质的研究方法,以笔者本人为原型,描述自己在教学中如何通过反思来实践“基于网络,导学结合”的教学模式,“如何成为行动研究者”的整个过程。研究结果表明:通过行动研究,可以促进教师本人的自我完善,并在反思中发展自身的创新意识,在学校提供的一种宽松、民主的研究气氛中,最终成长为反思型、研究型教师。     

教师反思性对话的实践模式

教师的专业发展需要加强反思性对话。反思性对话具有问题性、自主性和建构性的特点。反思性对话的过程可以分为描述、澄清、面质和重构四个步骤。以一次反思性对话为例具体阐述了教师反思性对话的操作过程。建议教师教育者要和教师建立平等、信任的对话关系,灵活采用反思性对话模式,深入课堂给予教师直观的指导。     

Critical Paths in Pedagogy, Research, and Development

These three books, while differing somewhat in focus, style, and substance, have in common a concern to uphold critical approaches to the theory and practice of education. Addressing issues of pedagogy, research, and professional development, the texts pose a challenge to technocratic, neoliberal, and conservative discourses in the educational sphere. This essay reinforces the importance of critical work in the academy and the teaching profession, but draws attention to the problem of theoretical and personal "infighting" among left scholars. The importance of strategic alliances in the face of a (more) united, and overwhelmingly dominant, right is stressed.     

The Application of Social Role Theory in the Practice of Ethical Education in Schools

社会学理论有着较高的应用价值,利用社会学的理论成果开展学校德育,将成为我们提高德育实效性的一种积极尝试。作为社会学基础理论之一的社会角色理论在大中学校德育实践中有重要应用价值,不仅有助于实现大中学校德育工作的目标,而且有助于实现大中学校德育衔接。社会角色理论应用于大中学校德育实践,有利于实现德育的生活化、提高德育的可操作性、增强德育的实效性。     

说反思性教学的理论与实践

反思性教学以解决教学问题为基本点 反思性教学以追求教学实践合理性为动力 反思性教学是全面发展教师的过程 反思性教学以增强教师“道德感”为突破口