教师的教育特质:共情

共情,被人本主义心理学家认为是影响教育进程和效果的最关键的特质。教师作为学生的引路人,要想真正地建立与学生的良好关系,深入学生的心灵,对学生起帮助与引导作用,就必须具备共情这一教育特质。     

学科教育学硕士教师专业发展的问题与对策——以55名研究生的课堂观察为例

基于课堂观察理论,对陕西师范大学2014与2015两届55名学科教育学硕士研究生分别在中小学一学期的课堂观察记录进行研究,发现:他们更多关注教师教学与课程性质,忽视学生学习过程。对课堂文化氛围及课堂的复杂性认识不够充分,观察点零散,缺乏目的性和系统性,教学反思亦属于浅层次的定性分析,没有定量分析,对课堂现象缺乏教育学理论的解释性依据等。基于此,提出整合教师教育课程及撰写反思报告等对策。     

Towards Treating Chemistry Teacher Candidates as Human

This research inquiry investigates the factors influencing chemistry teacher candidates’ development during their extended practica in the second and final year of an After-Degree Bachelor of Education at a university in central Canada. A variety of data sources are used to identify the risk and protective factors impeding and contributing to the achievement of their chemistry pedagogical aspirations. Two theoretical frameworks, both having their origins in the pioneering work of Kurt Lewin, are used to conceptualize how a complex amalgam of personal attribute and environmental factors and the interplay among these factors influence teacher candidate developmental trajectories. The tenets of both Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model and Learning Environment research provide insights into how the factors influencing teacher candidate development can be understood and systematically documented to provide a template for reflective consideration of the practicum experience for both teacher candidates and those involved in fostering the development of chemistry teacher candidates.

教师候选人选拔:问题与对策——兼评师范生免费教育制度

教师候选人选拔工作,关乎学生、教师、教育、国家的发展大计。师范生免费教育制度的重新启动,让人们燃起了选拔优秀教师候选人的希望。但仅有免费教育政策是远远不够的。我们应该把握历史脉络,厘请关键问题,痛下大决心,体现大智慧,提高教师地位,构建教师职业价值,实施多轮选拔,凸显人文关怀,迎来良性局面。     

Electronic Portfolios in Teacher Education: A Case Study of Early Childhood Teacher Candidates

The use of electronic portfolios is increasingly becoming popular in teacher education programs. The electronic portfolio allows learners to express their work and take ownership over their own ability to plan and assess and reflect upon their learning during a specific period of time. While many teacher education programs have adopted electronic portfolios in order to meet accreditation requirements, others use electronic portfolios to develop and improve on students’ technology skills—train students on how to better use technology in instruction and student assessment. Irrespective of the reasons for adoption, there is the need to assess students’ perceptions of electronic portfolios, and especially to explore the benefits and challenges students face in using electronic portfolios in their course work. Using a qualitative research design, the current study explored teacher candidates’ attitudes toward electronic portfolios and the differences that electronic portfolios bring to their profession. Such a study is necessary to help administrators identify students’ needs to ensure that they are gaining the maximum benefits from the use of electronic portfolios in their programs of study.     

教育实习信息化网络化管理研究

本文以崭新的教育管理理念来探索新形势下的教育实习管理方式,即通过信息化网络化管理,实现教育实习共同体成员间(实习生、大学指导教师、中学指导教师、中学生和教育实习管理层)的信息共享、思想共享和生命历程共享,实现教育实习的非线性的评价体系.     

Foreseeing the Unforeseen through Collaborative Self-Study by a Teacher Educator and Two Teacher Candidates

This article reports the collaborative self-study of a teacher educator and two teacher candidates, focusing on the unforeseen negativity of experiences encountered by the three researchers in both a university methods course and student teaching settings. The implication of this study helped the researchers foresee new hypothetical learning trajectories for their respective students. Throughout the study, the university teacher educator and two teacher candidates tried to maintain a collegial relationship while analyzing their teaching and learning experiences. The researchers analyzed the effectiveness of their mathematics teaching strategies over an extended period of time. The changing roles of the researchers throughout the study encouraged them to examine not only their own teaching processes but also those of the other researchers. As critical colleagues they positioned themselves in different contexts. This study generates several insights for the improvement of the researchers' future teaching practices. The results suggest that collaborative self-study by a teacher educator and teacher candidates can generate effective learning experiences for all participants.     

Leading Change and Innovation in Teacher Preparation: A Blueprint for Developing TPACK Ready Teacher Candidates

When preparing TPACK ready teacher candidates, faculty must incorporate and model TPACK within the teacher education curriculum, which often requires an ongoing change process. But for change to take place we must consider the role leadership plays in the innovation of change. Leaders, deans and department heads must be an integral part of this process. The challenge for innovation, change and education technology leaders is to transform teacher preparation programs into fully realized TPACK environments and determine the necessary learning opportunities and support necessary to motivate college leaders and faculty to fully embrace the change process. This article outlines a collaborative ongoing process and blueprint that leaders should consider as they make plans for the effective integration of TPACK into their colleges. “Tomorrow’s teachers must be prepared to rethink, unlearn and relearn, change, revise, and adapt” (Niess, 2008, p.225). Leaders, deans and department heads must be an integral part of this process if it is to be successful. While technology can support changes in how teacher educators teach and future teachers learn to teach (Dilworth et al., 2012), teaching with technology is a “wicked problem” in that it has “incomplete, contradictory and changing requirements” (Koehler & Mishra, 2008, p.10). New and innovative ways of confronting this complexity must address core knowledge base components that include content, pedagogy, and technology. These components have been used as the foundation for a technology , pedagogy , and content knowledge (TPACK) framework known as technological pedagogical content knowledge, or TPCK (AACTE, 2008; Koehler & Mishra, 2008; Mishra & Koehler, 2006; Pierson, 1999). But what is the role of leaders where TPACK based processes are being implemented in university teacher preparation programs? Educational technology leaders often approach models for teacher preparation in collectives that examine them iteratively. The 2012 National Technology Leadership Summit brought together the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education (AACTE) and its Innovation and Technology Committee. Representatives from college administrations met and examined leadership issues facing deans, directors and chairs as they work to support college-wide change facilitating faculty and teacher candidates in the task of becoming TPACK proficient. This work built upon a CITE (Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education) journal editorial focused on initial conversations around leadership needs for effective TPACK implementation (Dexter, Herring, & Thomas, 2012). A presentation at AACTE 2013 extended this work with teacher preparation and education technology leaders sharing “what worked” in their colleges around these processes. A panel presentation at the 2013 Society for Information Technology and Teacher Education (SITE) Conference also shared insights into a blueprint for key areas that leaders should consider as they make plans for the effective integration of TPACK into their colleges as well as several implementation case studies. This article compiles this iterative work from a leadership perspective. While the challenge is to transform teacher preparation programs into fully realized TPACK environments, leadership becomes the key in developing new ways of confronting this complex issue that must address core knowledge base components inclusive of content, pedagogy and technology. To accomplish this task, faculty are faced with incorporating modeling these ideas within a teacher education curriculum in concert with ongoing change processes. A solid understanding of the interactions of these components can result in effective teaching with technology in varied and diverse settings; but the critical role of leadership in making such changes must first be considered. The critical features of a blueprint for leaders is based upon the work of Leithwood and colleagues’ framework comprised of three key leadership functions associated with improved student outcomes (Day, Sammons, Leithwood, Kington, 2008; Leithwood, Harris & Hopkins, 2008; Leithwood & Jantzi, 2008; Leithwood & Riehl, 2003). The three major component of the Leithwood transformational leadership model are: (1) Building vision and setting direction (2) Developing people through understanding people and (3) Developing the organization through redesigning it. Leithwood, Begley and Cousins (1994) define transformational leadership as follows: The term ‘transform’ implies major changes in the form, nature, function and/or potential of some phenomenon; applied to leadership, it specifies general ends to be pursued although it is largely mute with respect to means. From this beginning, we consider the central purpose of transformational leadership to be the enhancement of the individual and collective problem-solving capacities of organizational members; such capacities are exercised in the identification of goals to be achieved and practices to be used in their achievement (p. 7). Transformational leaders can create significant change in both followers and the organization with which they are associated (Griffin, 2003). Transformational leaders also find common ground that allows them to enlist followers in processes of change. Fullan (2010) finds that for true reform to take place, resolute leadership that remains focused is critical when new ideas encounter serious difficulty, thereby sustaining and building on success. To achieve this task and create significant change, transformational education leaders realize that true technology integration means understanding and negotiating the relationships between the three components of knowledge and going beyond a “business” organizational model to create change in teacher preparation programs. Too often organizations start down the road to change without being clear on key factors that influence the outcomes of the initiative. Deans and educational leaders must develop a model for change based upon both the organizational culture and the environments they need a set of resources to help and guide them to integrate a framework like TPACK. Through ongoing collaboration and discussion the focus has been around the development of a leadership module which would help leaders establish a vision and set a direction for addressing TPACK. The purpose of a leadership module would be to provide Deans and other educational leaders with the tools they need for full-scale implementation and motivate them to redesign their programs while continuing to improve and sustain a developing / changing curriculum.     

Effects of Critical Thinking Intervention for Early Childhood Teacher Candidates

This study is based on an intervention designed to enhance early childhood teacher candidates' critical thinking abilities. The concept, elements, standards, and traits of critical thinking were integrated into the main course contents, and the effects of the intervention were examined. The results indicated that early childhood teacher candidates' dispositions toward critical thinking significantly increased after the intervention. In addition, their knowledge about critical thinking and ability to apply critical thinking in their own learning showed growth as well. Curricula implications for early childhood teacher preparation programs and instructional practices for teacher educators are discussed.     

幼儿同情心发展特点的调查研究

幼儿同情心发展特点的调查结果表明:女孩的同情心发展水平总体上优于男孩;幼儿的同情理解和同情行为随年龄的增长避步提高,4～5岁是幼儿同情心发展的一个重要时期;幼儿的心理援助行为、应答担心体验、角色理解和情绪理解能力随年龄的增长表现出不同的增长趋势.     

From Our Readers: Preparing Preservice Teacher Candidates for Leadership in Equity

How unusual to share topics “unspoken” in most circles with a group of people I hardly know—with students, professors, men, women, Chicanas, Cubanos, African Americans, European Americans, and others from varied backgrounds. It takes courage. It takes honesty. It takes risks. If not now, when? If not us, who?     

Preventing Violence through Empathy Development in Families

Families can help prevent violence through nurturing empathy in their children. This article provides the framework for supporting families in becoming active in their children’s development of empathy. Strategies are provided that help parents and family implement empathy development.     

Academy for Teacher Excellence: Maximizing Synergy Among Partners for Promoting College Access for Latino Teacher Candidates

This case study discusses how educational entities collaborate in meaningful ways to address teaching force representation and shortages in critical fields for diverse populations in urban education settings. The authors examined how the role of a federally funded program, Academy for Teacher Excellence (ATE), at a Hispanic Serving Institution in Texas is creating preschool through university level (P-20) collaborative partnerships with various community stakeholders to enhance college access for minorities, specifically Latino students pursuing the teaching profession. Constant comparison analysis of the data uncovered the following themes: (a) Building Relationships and Dialoguing across Partners, (b) Communicating Information and Outreach, and (c) Networking and Leveraging Resources. Together, these foster a collaborative partnership among entities with the intention of maximizing synergy and supporting the access, recruitment, and education of Latino teacher candidates who will become culturally efficacious teachers of all students, but specifically for the growing number of Latino students in urban areas.     

Beyond Exposure to Collaboration: Preparing General-Education Teacher Candidates for Inclusive Practice

Preparation of new teachers to work effectively in inclusion settings has not kept pace with demands created by recent reforms. General-education candidates typically receive limited exposure to inclusion strategies at the preservice level, and often their only meaningful preparation comes in the practicum setting. The purpose of this article was to examine the manner in which characteristics of cooperating teachers and the practicum settings affected efficacy for teaching students with disabilities. General-education student teachers responded to questionnaires about their collaboration with cooperating teachers, the focus on inclusion instruction in their practicum setting, and their efficacy for providing inclusion instruction. Results from a structural equation model indicated that efficacy is predicted both by focus and by collaboration with the cooperating teacher. Discussion focuses on implications for teacher preparation and directions for future research.     

Developing the Effective Teaching Skills of Teacher Candidates During Early Field Experiences

This study examined the development of effective teaching skills in teacher candidates in the context of early field experiences directly tied to a pedagogical course. Evidence from faculty instructors, mentor teachers, and teacher candidates suggests secondary education candidates were able to develop effective teaching skills related to instructional strategies, classroom management, and curriculum design during an early field experience. Teacher candidates developed these skills as they shifted their identities from candidates-as-students to candidates-as-teachers.     

教师文化与教师专业成长

教师文化的类型与教师的专业化程度存在着密切的内在联系。二者在教师职业发展历程中相互促进、相互制约共同发展着。其关系在动态上表现为适应中的共同发展,在静态上表现为制约中的相互促进。专业化的教师文化的形成需要在教师职业专业化的实践进程中,由全社会配合教师群体共同加以培育、生成。     

教师借调与教师专业发展

本文介绍借调教师的概念,旨在为教师专业发展提供一种新取向,以强化当前教师专业发展的模式.本文以教师借调到香港一个大学-学校伙伴协作学校改进计划的经验为例,以实证研究方法探讨教师借调期间的经历对其个人专业发展及成长的影响,进而分析以此作为教师专业发展模式的意义.所提出的教师借调概念可弥补传统教师培训模式的一些局限.     

职前小学学科实用人才培养模式初探

在教师专业化发展和基础教育课程改革的背景下,职前小学学科实用人才培养模式应以实践取向、专业学习、崇尚创新的培养理念为指导,通过加强课程间的整合和多样的培养方式来探索培养理论涵养与实践能力,基本素质与独特个性品质的有机统一的新时代小学教师.     

赋权予教师:教师专业发展中的教师领导

教师专业发展中的教师领导有两个方面的意义:一是领袖教师对其专业群体的引领;二是教师自主的专业发展。鼓励同侪协作,发挥优秀教师的示范-引领-辐射等作用固然重要,但教师的自主才是专业发展持续且有效的基础。在中国大陆,教师在职的专业发展受到行政部门的主导,骨干教师们在各种专业发展活动中发挥着重要作用,然而也呈现出精英化、等级制与工具性等特征。此外,由于处处受到行政干预,教师的专业发展充满着功利色彩、被迫与被动。我们认为,只有赋权予教师,留给教师自主发展的空间并提供更多选择,才能促成教师持续而有效的发展。教师领导的专业发展应成为教师专业发展的原则之一。