我国优秀赛艇运动员桨力- 时间曲线特征

赛艇运动中拉桨阶段的桨力曲线反映了运动员的发力特征，是专项竞技能力诊断的重要途径。根据国家队的测试实例，对不同艇种、不同桨位的桨力曲线特征进行归纳分析总结，对赛艇项目进行系列测试（桨频：35桨/min），结合专项认为专项技术较好的多人艇运动员大多采用A型；双人单桨项目中．领桨手倾向于采用A型桨力-时间曲线，一号位桨手倾向于采用B型桨力-时间曲线。不同桨频下的桨力-时间曲线特征可作为训练效果的评估依据，低桨频训练必须保持合理的拉桨速度和拉桨力量。     

单人皮划艇500 m竞速结构与竞赛策略研究

通过对我国优秀皮划艇运动员测试数据的分析,提出了基于桨频曲线转折点的皮划艇500 m比赛竞速结构划分方法;根据全程桨频和船速的变化特点,对每个阶段重新命名,更准确地反映了皮划艇500 m竞速规律;冲刺阶段桨频的增加并不一定意味着船速的提高,船速是否增长取决于平均桨力,它才是船速的最终决定因素;对世界大赛中分段成绩的进行对比分析;以我国划艇运动员杨文军参加世界大赛成绩为例,说明了竞赛策略的重要性。     

单人皮划艇500m竞速结构与竞赛策略研究

通过对我国优秀皮划艇运动员测试数据的分析，提出了基于桨频曲线转折点的皮划艇500m比赛竞速结构划分方法；根据全程桨频和船速的变化特点，对每个阶段重新命名，更准确地反映了皮划艇500m竞速规律；冲刺阶段桨频的增加并不一定意味着船速的提高，船速是否增长取决于平均桨力，它才是船速的最终决定因素；对世界大赛中分段成绩的进行对比分析；以我国划艇运动员杨文军参加世界大赛成绩为例，说明了竞赛策略的重要性。     

基于桨力测量分析的皮艇专项竞技能力评价指标体系构建

在总结国内外研究工作的基础上提出了基于实测桨力和船体加速度信息的皮艇专项竞技能力评价指标体系的建立方法,采用因子分析法提取出了桨频、绝对船速差、船体颠簸和摇晃加速度、拉桨平均桨力、最大桨力衰减、桨力平坦度和拉桨节奏等11项代表性指标构成静水皮艇专项竞技能力评价指标体系,简明有效地反映了运动员的身体素质、专项力量素质、动力保护和拉桨控船技术等专项竞技能力。     

优秀划艇运动员500m划拉桨技术与效果的研究

通过二维摄像解析优秀男子划艇运动员500m划过程中桨频、单桨桨力以及桨幅等动力学指标,研究运动员全程划技术特点和体能特点,研究结果表明:500m划过程中,桨频、单桨桨力以及艇速的变化基本一致,表现出起航时高桨频,中途由高桨幅代替桨频维持艇速,而在冲刺阶段是以高桨频和高桨幅维持冲刺效果的特征。但是运动员在途中划阶段,由于耐酸能力的下降,导致抓水不牢、晃桨的现象。     

静水皮艇的动力产生和动力保护问题研究

动力产生和动力保护是静水皮艇专项竞技能力的核心内容,利用水上实时训练信息对其进行分析和研究.借鉴陆上常用命名方法,定义了水上最大桨力、平均桨力、平均功率和桨力衰减因子等作为专项力量素质评价指标.综合桨力、船速、船体姿态等参数深入研究皮艇项目运动生物力学特征,分析抓水、动力、出水3个阶段的技术要领.理论分析和实验研究表明,保持船速稳定性、控制颠簸摇晃加速度对于动力保护有重要意义,并着重讨论了现阶段我国优秀皮艇运动员技术动作的不足.     

基于多源传感信息的赛艇实船运动生物力学特性研究

通过自主研发在桨栓与脚蹬板两个重要支点处的力学信息获取装置,研究了桨栓力、脚蹬力的发力特征,基于桨力、脚蹬力的传感信息与实船同步评价系统,对国家队优秀桨手的实测数据进行深入分析,揭示了赛艇运动的本质在于"手—躯干—腿"三者的协调用力。好的划船技术一定是基于腿部做功的,并且能够通过躯干的传递作用将腿部的力量传送至手上。     

中国精英女子赛艇运动员划桨技术特点分析

目的：以国家队和赛艇优势省队运动员为测试对象，总结分析我国精英女子赛艇运动员的划桨技术特点。方法：27名运动员参与本研究，利用"BioRow Tel"系统测试五种桨频（20、24、28、32、36桨/分）下的划桨技术，测试参数包括划桨节奏、桨叶轨迹、桨力特征等。结果：拉桨时间百分比随桨频的提高显著提高；入水角、出水角和划幅在中低桨频下非常稳定，但在接近比赛桨频时显著下降；抓水打滑和出水打滑均随桨频的增加而显著增加；与桨力相关的参数对桨频的变化相对不敏感。结论：我国运动员较为注重桨叶入水和拉桨前段，表现出的技术较好，而在拉桨后段特别是桨叶出水阶段暴露出的问题比较大；临近比赛桨频时的技术同中低桨频时相比存在比较明显的下降。训练中要解决好拉桨后段和桨叶出水的问题，并注重提高运动员在比赛桨频时的划桨技术。     

赛艇技术的生物力学研究

使用赛艇多参数遥测分析系统和IPL型高速摄影机同步测试方法,对我国国家赛艇集训队16名高水平运动员(男10,女6)的双桨技术进行了测试研究,分析结果如下:①在三种划桨类型中,“平缓力型”的动力学效率最高。“平缓力型”意味着拉桨力平稳增长达到峰值,然后对称下降直至拉桨结束。②艇速曲线有“单峰型”和“双峰型”两种类型。“单峰型”的特点是艇速变化平稳、能量消耗较少;“双峰型”能量消耗多。出现“双峰型”的主要原因是没有“边拉边按”和运动员身体在滑轨上加速不稳。③建立了浆力有效冲量与艇平均速度、艇速波动程度关系式。④发现一些选手左右手划桨力差别较大,桨叶入水角偏小和“拉提”时拉的不够等问题。     

基于赛艇实船测试系统对我国优秀男子轻量级赛艇运动员划桨技术的研究

利用赛艇实船测试系统对男子轻量级赛艇选手进行单人双桨实船划桨测试.测试发现:随着桨频的增加,拉桨与推桨速度同时增加,但推桨速度增长得更快,转桨角度和拉桨幅度呈减小趋势,拉桨力略呈下降趋势;最大正加速度和负加速度的绝对值都呈增加趋势,但负加速度的持续时间和其在整个划桨周期中所占的时间比例在减少;运动员左右手拉力的不平衡以及最大力产生的位置不一致的现象比较普遍,这对于航向的保持有较大影响.     

赛艇运动员的力量素质及其训练方法

本文针对赛艇项目的特点,对赛艇运动员力量素质的特点和影响因素,以及发展赛艇运动员力量素质的训练方法和训练原则进行了探讨。     

缩短划艇运动员培养周期的探讨

划艇技术动作比其它项目技术相对复杂 ,造成运动员达到较高水平的周期相对于皮艇和赛艇的时间要长 ,本文就如何缩短此周期进行分析和探讨     

Biomechanics feedback for rowing

Factors that affect boat speed are important determinants of rowing performance and should form the basis of feedback to rowers and their coaches. Biomechanical analysis of rowing has led to variables that are causally linked to boat speed. With modern technology, these variables can be measured and feedback can be presented instantaneously on-water, or be presented simultaneously with video after the event. This paper demonstrates the links between the criterion of success in rowing, the time for completing 2000 m and the forces acting on the boat, and describes an instrumentation system for providing feedback of these variables to rowers and coaches. These feedback techniques have been used with rowers from national to Olympic competition standard. Aspects of technique have been linked to the determinants of boat speed and several examples are presented here. The motor learning literature supports the effectiveness of kinetic information feedback for the improvement of motor skill and provides a relevant conceptual framework for the improvement of rowing performance. However, although rowers and their coaches value this feedback, further research must be undertaken to establish a sound basis for comparing the effectiveness of such feedback compared with traditional styles, such as verbal feedback of performance.     

赛艇全国冠军赛竞赛编排和成绩管理系统的研制及应用

采用ＶｉｓｕａｌＦｏｘｐｒｏ０．６进行编程,研制开发了赛艇全国冠军赛竞赛编排和成绩管理系统。该系统操作简单,速度快,已成功地应用于２０００年全国赛艇冠军赛,大大地减轻了裁判员的劳动强度,加快了记录编排的速度。     

划船动力学方程的建立

以赛艇动力学方程为基础,与皮、划艇的操桨模型进行比对,综合归纳出完整而统一的划船动力学方程,揭示了在划船操桨过程中人体质心移动产生人体冲力的力学依据,并指出应用该理论的要点,为划船运动学、划船生物力学的发展提供了理论参考。对划船训练科学化、智能化亦将产生深远影响     

近年来皮艇划桨技术的变革

随着科技的进步和新材料的出现、器材的改进,皮艇划桨技术动作也应不断改进,使划桨轨迹、膝关节的角度、推桨手完成推桨的位置、划桨的有效幅度及发力时间更趋合理。     

武汉市男子赛艇公开级运动员赛前乳酸阈曲线变化分析

以武汉市备战第六届城运会男子赛艇公开级运动员为研究对象,运用赛艇测功仪多级负荷进行测试,测定不同负荷下功率与乳酸值,通过对乳酸阈曲线变化进行详细分析,以评价赛前训练效果及运动员个体能力。结果表明：运动员在体重没有显著性变化的情况下平均乳酸阈功率显著性提高,说明赛前训练有效地提高了运动员的有氧代谢供能能力。     

Strapping rowers to their sliding seat improves performance during the start of ergometer rowing

Abstract

Rowers sit on a seat that slides relative to the boat/ergometer. If a rower lifts him or herself from this sliding seat at any time, the seat will move away from under them and the rowing action is disrupted. From a mechanical perspective, it is clear that the need for the rower to remain in contact with the sliding seat at all times imposes position-dependent constraints on the forces exerted at the oar handle and the footstretcher. Here we investigate if the mechanical power output during rowing, which is strongly related to these forces, might be improved if the contact with the sliding seat was of no concern to the rower. In particular, we examine if elimination of these constraints by strapping the rower to the sliding seat leads to an increase in performance during the start on a standard rowing ergometer. Eleven well-trained female rowers performed 5-stroke starts in normal and strapped conditions. Handle force, vertical seat force, footstretcher force, and handle kinematics were recorded, from which mechanical power and work output were calculated. Most of the relevant mechanical variables differed significantly between the normal and strapped conditions. Most importantly, mechanical power output (averaged over the 5-stroke start) in the strapped condition was 12% higher than in the normal condition. We conclude that strapping a rower's pelvis to the sliding seat allows more vigorous execution of the stroke phases, resulting in a substantial improvement in performance during the start of ergometer rowing.     

Optimization of oar blade design for improved performance in rowing

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to find a more optimal blade design for rowing performance than the Big Blade, which has been shown to be less than optimal for propulsion. As well as the Big Blade, a flat Big Blade, a flat rectangular blade, and a rectangular blade with the same curvature and projected area as the Big Blade were tested in a water flume to determine their fluid dynamic characteristics at the full range of angles at which the oar blade might present itself to the water. Similarities were observed between the flat Big Blade and rectangular blades. However, the curved rectangular blade generated significantly more lift in the angle range 0 – 90° than the curved Big Blade, although it was similar between 90 and 180°. This difference was attributed to the shape of the upper and lower edges of the blade and their influence on the fluid flow around the blade. Although the influence of oar blade design on boat speed was not investigated here, the significant increases in fluid force coefficients for the curved rectangular blade suggest that this new oar blade design could elicit a practically significant improvement in rowing performance.     

中国赛艇队男轻运动员身体成分监测对训练效果的研究

通过国家赛艇队4名男轻队员冬训前后身体成分变化的研究,分析探讨中国赛艇男轻运动员最佳身体成分。结果显示,一定范围内体脂％的下降与赛艇轻量级运动员有氧耐力的提高显著相关;赛艇轻量级运动员瘦体质量的增加与否可反映力量训练的效果;本研究中,男子轻量级运动员身体成分的改变与专项测功仪能力的变化未呈显著相关性。