Citizenship and Personal, Social and Health Education in Catholic Secondary Schools: Stakeholders' Views

During 1999–2000, the writer carried out a survey of six randomly selected Catholic secondary schools in England to examine the attitudes of stakeholder groups towards Citizenship and Personal, Social and Health Education. Questionnaires were completed by six governors, 12 parents, 139 pupils, 12 teachers and six school leaders, providing insight into perceptions of the purposes of selected components of Citizenship and Personal, Social and Health Education, viz. Citizenship Education, Moral Education and Sex Education. Drawing on Hornsby-Smith's (1996) definition of contrasting perspectives, which he characterises as 'Open' and 'Closed' Catholicism, the enquiry located attitudes of the stakeholder groups along a continuum of values. While there was evidence of consensus across stakeholder groups within each component, differences in attitudes were also identified. The results indicated that governors and school leaders adopt more 'Open' attitudes towards Citizenship Education compared with pupils, teachers and parents; that school leaders adopt more 'Open' attitudes towards Moral Education compared with pupils; and that pupils and teachers adopt more 'Open' attitudes towards Sex Education compared with governors. One conclusion is that these results demonstrate that, when traditional religious values are challenged by rapid social and technological changes, stakeholder groups in faith schools are faced with added tensions to resolve.     

A Study of the Relationship between the Diets and the Health of 25 Negro Families in Scotland Ville,Louisiana

Using a hypothetical data set, the authors provide concrete examples to illustrate that canonical correlation analysis is a general linear model, subsuming other parametric procedures as special cases. Specific statistical techniques included in the analysis are t tests, Pearson correlation, multiple regression, ANOVA, MANOVA, and discriminant analysis. The discussion is aided by an initial explanation of the logic of canonical analysis. Further, similarities between the canonical technique and other univariate and multivariate procedures are highlighted. The treatment is intended to reiterate a framework in which statistical concepts can be presented to students.     

The Role of Gender and Reading Competence in the Development of Motivational Orientations from Kindergarten to Grade 1

This longitudinal study examined gender differences in motivation and the role of reading prerequisites, that is phonemic and comprehension skills, in the formation of motivational tendencies from kindergarten up to grade 1. The longitudinal sample consisted of 157 Finnish-speaking children. Teachers rated children's adaptive goals, (i.e. task orientation and social dependence orientation) at four points of time, kindergarten-spring, preschool-fall, preschool-spring and in the fall of grade 1. Children's phonemic awareness and language comprehension skills were assessed in kindergarten at the initiation of the study (i.e. initial phoneme identification, rhyming, writing of the alphabet, listening and instruction comprehension). Word reading and reading comprehension skills were assessed at the end of grade 1 in the three groups of children at risk for reading failure and in children with high reading prerequisites. The results showed that gender and early phonemic and language comprehension differences were associated with divergent motivational-developmental trajectories. Children with low phonemic or low language comprehension skill showed higher social dependence and lower task orientation over time than children with high initial reading prerequisites. In particular, boys with low reading prerequisites underwent a negative motivational change. The group of children who had poor phonemic and poor language comprehension skills showed most unfavorable development of motivation and reading. Findings concerning motivational trajectories are discussed with regard to the lack of fit between child's competence and curriculum demands.     

大学生就业市场景气指数的建构与分析

利用北京大学教育经济研究所历年全国高等学校毕业生就业状况调查数据和多值倾向评分匹配的方法,构建了一个动态化、定量化、具备可比性的大学生就业市场景气测量体系。测量结果表明,大学生就业景气指数呈现上下波动的变化趋势,2003年和2009年是指数的波谷年份,2005年和2015年则是指数的波峰年份;大学生就业景气指数的跨年变动幅度平稳,且指数波动受供需两侧因素的共同影响。在分析往年大学生就业景气指数的变动趋势和影响机制后发现,近年来大学生就业景气又进入了新的下降通道,2020年全球经济萎靡、国内经济下行压力和新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情叠加影响使得高等学校毕业生就业形势更加严峻,但在政府政策干预、新经济兴起以及求职方式转变的影响下,大学生就业景气程度短期受负面影响严重,但就业率并未出现断崖式下降。     

Education and Human Diversity: The Ethics of Separate Schooling Revisited

This article reviews the arguments in the separate schools debate in an attempt to present a view of the matter which would be acceptable in a liberal democracy. Although the case for common or inclusive schools is treated sympathetically, the burden of the argument is that public sponsorship of separate schools can be defended once certain conditions are met.     

19世纪美国的天主教移民及其本土化研究

19世纪有大量的欧洲移民进入美国社会,其中以爱尔兰移民和德国移民的数量最大,绝大多数是天主教教徒。当时美国的新教徒占据绝对的主流,他们对代表欧洲旧势力的天主教持抵抗态度,加之移民本身的复杂性,使得这一时期天主教在美国的发展举步维艰。19世纪的美国天主教是在克服外来的反天主教势力和解决内部冲突的过程中得以生存和发展的。     

农村基督徒的宗教皈依历程——以甘肃W镇天主教为例

以甘肃W镇天主教为例,采用问卷调查和深度访谈两种方法,对农村基督徒宗教皈依的历程做了简要分析,主要内容包括宗教皈依的社会根源、动机、途径以及皈依效果的强化等方面。     

牛庄“还堂案”与天主教传入东北

顺治康熙年间,天主教陆续传入东北。雍正乾隆年间清朝政府把天主教归入邪教,严厉禁止。第二次鸦片战争以后,西方列强攫取了中国内地传教权,从此教案不断,其中＂还堂＂纠纷往往成为导火索。本文所述牛庄＂还堂案＂,是同期全国众多＂还堂案＂中比较典型的一个,通过对此案的梳理和分析,我们会对第二次鸦片战争前后天主教传入东北的情况和特点有个大略的认识。     

The Victim of Aggression in Fifth and Sixth Grade Classrooms

Abstract

Sixty-eight victims of aggression were identified through sociometric techniques with fifth and sixth grade students. Each of the classrooms was found to have at least one male and one female victim. Teachers and students showed substantial agreement in their identification of the victims. Chi-square tests among items on a questionnaire administered to 412 students showed the victims to be passive, non-conforming, and socially rejected. Presumably, two courses of action are open to the counselor of the victim: to train him to become more aggressive or to help him become more socially acceptable. Implications of these two courses of action are discussed.     

明清江西天主教的传播

明代万历到清代乾隆年间（1583-1775）有近百位耶稣会士进入江西传播天主教,耶稣会士进入中国初期,以江西为跳板,通向京城;教难时期,江西成为大多数传教士的避难所,并且在避难期间,江西地区的传教事业也得到拓展,连续开辟了南昌,建昌,赣州和抚州四大教区;乾隆朝实行禁教政策后,江西又成为耶稣会士秘密进入内地重新开教的重地。这些都意味着,鸦片战争以前江西的天主教活动并非一片空白,恰恰相反,有相当长一段历史,其地位不可忽视。     

Effects of Fact Retrieval Tutoring on Third‐Grade Students with Math Difficulties with and without Reading Difficulties

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of fact retrieval tutoring as a function of math difficulty (MD) subtype, that is, whether students have MD alone (MD‐only) or have concurrent difficulty with math and reading (MDRD). Third graders (n= 139) at two sites were randomly assigned, blocking by site and MD subtype, to four tutoring conditions: fact retrieval practice, conceptual fact retrieval instruction with practice, procedural computation/estimation instruction, and control (no tutoring). Tutoring occurred for 45 sessions over 15 weeks for 15–25 minutes per session. Results provided evidence of an interaction between tutoring condition and MD subtype status for assessment of fact retrieval. For MD‐only students, students in both fact retrieval conditions achieved comparably and outperformed MD‐only students in the control group as well as those in the procedural computation/estimation instruction group. By contrast, for MDRD students, there were no significant differences among intervention conditions.     

Foreign Language Study in Elementary Schools: Benefits and Implications for Achievement in Reading and Math

Educators and policy makers in many countries have been expressing concern about how to improve students’ achievement in reading and math. This article explores and proposes a solution: introduce or increase foreign language study in the elementary schools. Research has shown that foreign language study in the early elementary years improves cognitive abilities, positively influences achievement in other disciplines, and results in higher achievement test scores in reading and math. Successful foreign language programs for elementary schools include immersion, FLES, and FLEX programs.     

幼儿园适应性发展课程的实施及存在的问题

以广西师范大学实验幼儿园实施适应性发展课程为例,介绍幼儿园适应性发展课程的实施内容及方式,分析在实施过程中存在的问题。     

幼儿园开展多元阅读活动的实践与思考

作为21世纪的教育者,我们应该给幼儿创造一种全方位的阅读空间。我们应该跳出传统的“阅读”来看如今的“阅读”,拓展早期阅读的范围和内容,丰富方法和手段,逐渐以图像阅读文化取代文字阅读文化,带领幼儿走进图的世界。在研究过程中,我们经历感情投资、稳定发展及回归生活三个阶段,分别对幼儿多元阅读的环境创设、兴趣培养、阅读内容、阅读模式及社会实践进行实践探索。     

The relationship between departments as professional communities and student achievement in secondary schools

Secondary school teaching is organized in departments and effective departments functioning as collaborative teams have been associated with effective schools. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship of mathematics departments perceived as professional communities and student achievement in Dutch secondary schools. Cluster analysis and hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) were used on a sample of around 3000 students, 130 schools, and 130 teachers that participated in this study (TIMSS-2003 data). The significant effects found (effect size >.20) show that those departments that focus on reflective dialogue, collaborative activity, shared vision and student achievement are associated with successful schools and higher student achievement.     

论乡镇中小学生个性化读写能力的培养

随着新课程改革的深入开展,个性化读写作文越来越受到语文工作者的关注。许多地区,特别是城市中小学,已经开始实践个性化读写教学。但是,由于我国城乡教育状况还存在差距,乡镇中小学长期以来受传统应试教育观念和教法的影响尤为深广,个性化读写教学在许多乡镇中小学校仍然处于探索阶段。本文对新课标下的乡镇中小学生个性化读写教学与能力培养进行探讨,并彰显其指导及现实意义。     

初三数学总复习中学生思维能力的培养

在初三数学复习过程中如何从变更命题的表现形式;不同的解题途径与思维方式;变化几何图形的位置、形状和大小;改变题目的条件和结论;变封闭题目为开放型题目等几个方面来阐述对学生思维能力的培养．     

中学数学教师继续教育的实践与思考

对中学数学教师继续教育工作进行调查和分析 ,从而探讨提高继续教育质量的策略。     

教师变量对小学四年级数学成绩的影响:一个增值性研究

以房山区42所小学的1238名四年级学生和42名数学教师为研究对象,以四年级下学期的数学测验成绩为因变量,四年级上学期的数学测验成绩作为协变量加入两水平线性模型中建立基础增值模型.在控制学生背景变量的条件下,考察教师的特征变量、教学方式和教师培训三个方面对小学生四年级数学学业成绩增长的影响.结果显示,教师的特征变量中,教师的性别、年龄、教龄和学历专业对学生学业成绩的增长无显著影响,而教师的职称和最终受教育水平则对学生学业成绩的增长有显著影响;与教学相关的变量中,是否参加过新课程培训这一变量对学生学业成绩的增长有显著影响.