The new competitive environment of radio broadcasting in the Nordic countries: A short history of deregulation and analysis

The new competitive environment of radio broadcasting in the Nordic countries consists of three sectors: (1) public service radio channels, (2) commercial radio stations and networks, and (3) community radio. Commercial radio represents the latest phase in a long process of transformation that started with decentralization inside the national broadcasting corporations in the 1960s and continued with introduction of noncommercial forms of local and community radio since the late 1970s. In the 1990s, commercial radio represents a hegemonic cultural form whose values and meanings penetrate to all sectors of radio. As a response to commercialization, the public service broadcasting tradition is undergoing a serious rearticulation. In contrast with the radical liberalism of the 1980s, there seems to be a growing political will to safeguard a balanced dualism of noncommercial and commercial forms of broadcasting.     

Symposium: Radio broadcasting in Scandinavia—Part II

Radio stations were organized in Europe during the 1920s as state‐regulated public service institutions. Contrary to the model in the U.S., radio thus was embedded in the cultural and political spheres and accordingly kept outside of the market forces, although some countries allowed limited advertising. Radio's role as a national service faced increasing legitimation problems, and in most Western European countries, local radio was introduced as a divergence measure to balance political and cultural convergence of national radio. Generally, local radio activities were initially an attempt to revitalize a vivid public sphere. This article describes the development in the Scandinavian countries, where local radio developed in different ways with a rather strong commercial component that filled the “commercial deficit”; resulting from public service policies and a rather fragile component of noncommercial community stations. Although the structural development in many ways showed a different pattern than expected and wanted, local radio will have an ever greater role to play in a globalized media and information society.     

公共文化发展战略下公共图书馆均等化服务研究

近来年,我国出台一系列构建公共文化服务体系的文化政策,保障公民能够平等接受知识和教育的权利。公共图书馆作为国家公共文化体系重要的组成部分,应加快贯彻执行基本公共服务均等化,以保障公民文化权利得以落实。文章通过对比国内外公共图书馆服务均等化现状,分析我国公共图书馆在均等化服务进程中凸显的问题,针对我国具体国情借鉴国外公共图书馆实施服务均等化成功经验,提出我国公共图书馆在公共文化发展战略下加快完善服务均等化的五点对策。     

Radio in Estonia: Meager but Enduring

Historically radio has held an important place in the lives of Estonians that shaped radio's character during the years of the Soviet Union and after Estonian independence. Radio developed an intimate relationship with Estonian audiences and was important during the drive for independence. After independence state broadcasting moved toward a public service model while commercial radio developed under the control of a small number of corporations. While public service radio and commercial radio compete in ways similar to other European and Nordic countries, radio in Estonia remains strong.     

Democracy in the Air: Radio as a Complement to Face-To-Face Discussion in the New Deal

This article focuses on the use of radio broadcasts as resources for those organizing and convening face-to-face discussion groups in rural communities across the United States in the 1930s and 1940s. Led by the United States Department of Agriculture, small group discussions took place with leadership coming from Cooperative Extension agents from land-grant universities. As public affairs shows were being carried on the major commercial radio channels, the USDA discussion project utilized radio broadcasts to introduce people to the methods of conducting group discussions. The article focuses on the national efforts of the USDA as well as localized attempts to utilize radio broadcasts in the service of democratic discussion, focusing on one of the most robust examples of a land-grant university—the University of Wisconsin-Madison—utilizing technology for democratic discussion in rural communities across the state. It notes shortcomings and challenges, as well as identifying the critical role that radio played in helping citizens and communities begin to think about complex public problems through the use of new technologies.     

Policy,Pop, and the Public: The Discourse of Regulation in British Commercial Radio

This paper examines the language and practices of regulation that have constructed the idea of British commercial radio. It concludes that the regulator's definitions of its purpose and practice are characterized by variability because of the attempt to draw simultaneously from repertoires of definition established in Britain's public service, commercial, and community traditions. In turn, it is noted that this discourse of regulation does not seem to be shared by those who run commercial radio stations. The paper explores the way that the dominance of a particular public service ideal is negotiated with the increasing influence of commercial orders of discourse, and the marginalization of concepts of community broadcasting.     

突发公共卫生事件中高校图书馆微信公众平台远程服务现状与策略——以36所“双一流”A类高校图书馆为例

[目的/意义] 调研当前新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情特殊时期，高校图书馆通过微信公众平台提供远程服务的现状，探讨突发公共卫生事件发生时，高校图书馆开展远程服务的策略，为高校图书馆通过微信公众平台提供远程服务提供借鉴。[方法/过程] 调查36所"双一流"A类高校图书馆微信公众平台数据，分析研究高校图书馆通过微信公众平台开展远程服务的现状和存在的问题，并提出优化策略。[结果/结论] 在新媒体环境下，微信公众平台已成为高校图书馆开展远程服务的重要平台。高校图书馆远程服务需常态化，当突发公共卫生事件发生时，从资源保障、服务保障、阅读活动、读者远程教育及心理疏导等方面入手，为学校教学科研、人才培养提供有力支撑。     

浅谈公共图书馆如何提升未成年人服务能力

图书馆免费开放后面临读者激增、运行成本增加、管理难度加大等一系列新问题。在新形势的挑战与竞争中,公共图书馆应如何为未成年人服务?通过探索公共图书馆在未成年人服务方面的独特职能,阐述了公共图书馆如何提升服务能力以更好地服务于未成年人。     

Proactivity in digital public services: A conceptual analysis

Public organizations are looking for new ways to use digital technologies to increase the efficiency of their internal processes and improve their interactions with clients, whether citizens or businesses. In response, scholars suggest that public organizations be proactive in digital public services such that the organizations approach their clients, rather than the other way around. In the most extreme form of proactivity, clients do not have to do anything to receive a public service. Although various examples of proactive public services are in use, how proactivity changes the conceptual understanding of digital public services remains unclear. Therefore, we derive the changes that proactivity causes in a conceptualization of digital public service by means of a conceptual analysis through the lens of a seminal theoretical work on proactivity. The results indicate that proactivity can ensure equal accessibility to a subset of public services, rely on more comprehensive integration of IT systems on the back end, and change how value is co-created in the service process. We formulate the changes as propositions that future work can investigate empirically and discuss proactive digital public services as a way to reduce clients' administrative burden. We contribute to theory by clarifying the conceptual changes in digital public services that proactivity invokes and call for joint research by scholars of public administration, information systems, and service management to relate the research streams of administrative burden and proactive digital public service.     

“Shock” meets “community service”: J.C. Corcoran at KMOX

KMOX‐AM in St. Louis hired J.C. Corcoran to try to update its sound. Corcoran and KMOX represented two contrasting styles in talk radio— “shock”; and “community service.”; These styles can be seen as reflecting two visions of America—a modernist vision of civic discourse and public participation, and a postmodernist vision in which distinctions have blurred between the public and private spheres and between news and entertainment. The authors qualitatively examine the talk on a program hosted by a “shock jock”; on a respected news‐talk radio station.     

““故宫跑”视角下档案馆社会服务优化策略探究

新时代排队观展的"故宫跑"现象频频涌现,这不仅反映了人民日益增长的美好生活需求,同时也让我国档案馆有一定的思考与启发。"故宫跑"现象折射出我国档案馆日前的社会服务质量跟不上公众需求的现状,在这种形势下档案馆有必要适时做出相应的有效调整,顺应社会公众社会服务需求,以此来赢得自身身份认同与社会尊重,促进档案事业的持续繁荣。     

Effects of Local-Market Radio Ownership Concentration on Radio Localism,the Public Interest,and Listener Opinions and Use of Local Radio

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 and ensuing radio ownership consolidation are often blamed for harming radio localism and the public interest. The present research sought to determine effects of local-market radio ownership concentration on listener opinions and use of radio—potentially indicative of stations' localism and public service—by surveying listeners in markets categorized by ownership concentration. Findings suggest concentration does not strongly influence perceptions; however, overall results indicate potentially negative consequences from local and national consolidation on amounts of local music, news, and public-service programming; live-local programming; and station responsiveness.     

Music and Identity in a Postcolonial World: Radio Airplay of Lusophone Music in Public Service Broadcasting in the Portuguese- Speaking World

With music being one of the key elements of radio, and plurality one of the most important principles of public service, this article’s central argument is that one of the missions of public radio is to foster musical elements produced in the country’s national language. Focusing on traditional musical genres of the Portuguese-speaking countries, we will analyze the role of music in public radio by selecting specific musical shows focused on the Lusophone world. In order to determine the presence and impact of Lusophony in national stations, music will be the common thread for a reflection on how multicultural their programming strategies are able to be.     

BBC Radio Ulster: Public Service Radio in Northern Ireland’s Divided Society

BBC radio has been broadcast in Northern Ireland since shortly after the establishment of the country in the early 1920s. Throughout this period it has been faced by the challenge of how to deliver public service radio in a divided society, one that has for many years experienced violent conflict. Today as BBC Radio Ulster, the station has the highest audience reach of any BBC network radio service or those nations services in Scotland and Wales. This article outlines how BBC policy serves to deliver this performance, by examining a BBC Trust Service Review in relation to culture and diversity.     

Financing Public Media in Spain: New Strategies

This article attempts to explain the key points of the new financing reform of public service broadcasting in Spain. The following questions are analyzed: controversial points; the new law, private broadcasting, and the telecommunications sector; and the future of public service broadcasting in Spain. Deliberative discussion with 80 participants was conducted evaluating their views regarding public media. The central problem was the role that people feel the RTVE Corporation should play in the future. With that role in mind, participants were asked to evaluate the financial situation of public broadcasting in Spain. The new Financing Law of the RTVE Corporation, based on the immediate cessation of advertising, was passed in August 2009. According to the law, for every new service provided by RTVE, it should be assigned additional funding. It is not clear yet how this process will work in the future.     

“A certain stigma” of educational radio: Judith Waller and “public service” broadcasting

This paper explores Judith Waller’s radio programming philosophy over her career that began in 1922 at WMAQ Chicago. In the 1940s, representing the interests of her employer NBC, Waller began to use the phrase “public service” as a way to break free of the “stigma” of educational radio. The concept of public service programming shifted during the 1930s and 1940s in the US, redefined and negotiated in response to assumptions about radio listeners, the financial motivations of commercial radio, and Federal Communications Commission rulings. This paper brings renewed attention to the past and present political economy of media in the US, providing a window into the historically complex relationship between commercial and noncommercial media that continues to this day.     

公共文化服务体系视角下我国图书馆学教育的变革

随着公共文化服务体系建设不断推进,我国图书馆事业呈现良好的发展局面。本文从构建公共文化服务体系的视角,探讨我国图书馆学教育面临的机遇,提出图书馆学教育变革的新思路。     

No Longer One-to-Many: How Web 2.0 Interactivity is Changing Public Service Radio’s Relationship with its Audience

The relationship between public radio and its audience has undergone significant change since the adoption of Web 2.0 technology. Web 2.0 allows an audience to interact easily and speedily with a public service broadcaster, forming an inclusive, two-way listening environment. This contrasts with the traditional one-way model of public broadcasting. This research project used New Zealand public radio broadcaster RNZ National as a case study. The phenomenon was studied from the perspective of those who listen to content, and those who create it. Findings include the ready adoption of Web 2.0 technology by the audience and the validation of that participation by RNZ National hosts and producers.     

浅谈县级公共图书馆免费开放服务

在公共图书馆免费开放服务的新形势下,对新政策作如何解读及研究,作为基层公共图书馆的县级图书馆发展将如何做好免费开放工作是本文讨论的主要内容。     

图书馆战略规划研究的时代背景与理论视角

图书馆战略规划研究是图书馆战略研究的一个重点,21世纪的社会发展和信息环境,特别是我国文化发展的新形势给予图书馆战略规划新的发展空间.本文将公共文化服务体系作为图书馆战略规划的时代背景,论述公共文化服务对于图书馆战略规划的意义与作用,提出图书馆战略规划研究的基本框架,以战略管理理论、公共服务理论、协同机制理论为图书馆战略规划研究的新视角,以模型研究与实证研究为实现路径,为我国图书馆战略规划研究与发展提供一个基本方案.