Role of knowledge conversion and social networks in team performance

This study aims to find out how different processes of knowledge management and patterns of social networking affect team performance. Our data on teams originate from a sample of different organizations from a variety of both public and private industries in Finland (76 teams; 499 employees). One of the main deficiencies in the current literature on knowledge and networks is that they tend to concentrate on specific types of teams in a single organization context. Our aim was to put the team phenomenon into an everyday context by analysing the interplay of knowledge creation and social networks in teams which function on a permanent basis in a variety of industry contexts. Both knowledge creation and social networking contributed to performance, but the results showed that whereas team members see the knowledge conversion processes as central to performance, top management emphasize the importance of social networks in value creation. In our examination, lively interaction between team members, combined with team leaders’ intra-organizational networks, contributed to team performance.     

物化溢出、纯知识溢出与生产率——基于中国制造业实证

区分物化溢出和纯知识溢出,首次就中国28个制造业行业间RD溢出对全要素生产率的影响进行了实证分析。我们发现,无论是物化还是纯知识我国制造业行业间RD溢出均显著促进了行业全要素生产率的增长,但纯知识溢出大于物化溢出。进一步的分解中,我们发现促进作用主要来源行业间自筹RD的溢出,行业间获取的政府资助RD对行业全要素生产率溢出效应不显著。     

考虑知识溢出效应的绿色技术创新企业关系演化分析

把企业间绿色技术创新关系细分为合作、中立和竞争等3种,构建绿色技术创新企业关系演化博弈模型,利用Matlab仿真技术分析当存在知识溢出效应时企业自身技术创新能力、政府绿色技术创新补贴率两个参数对关系系统稳定性的影响。结果表明:(1)只有当群体中已有部分企业开展合作时,企业技术创新能力对关系选择有重大影响;(2)政府绿色技术创新补贴的效果带有一定的不确定性,甚至高补贴有时还会抑制企业间的合作关系。     

技术外溢双方技术知识的影响因素分析

随着经济全球化和信息技术的迅猛发展,技术的跨国界流动愈加频繁,技术外溢的作用越来越明显,技术外溢的研究成为当今关注的焦点,对技术外溢的影响因素的研究是技术外溢研究中的热点问题之一.文章对影响技术外溢双方技术存量的因素进行分析,并用MATLAB软件进行模拟,得出了一些有意义的结论.     

产业集群中的知识溢出及其效应研究

从知识的溢出、知识溢出的吸收与转化、知识的再扩散三个阶段分析集群中的知识溢出机理。在此基础上,分析知识溢出的创新提升效应:降低创新成本与风险、提升创新效率,整体提高知识积累水平、激发集群内部的创新活动,激活集群内部的默会性知识、形成独特的创新优势。     

中国区域知识溢出空间距离研究

 利用中国区域1998-2008年有关专利创新面板数据,在对知识生产函数进行扩展的基础上,根据面板单位根、面板协整及空间过滤理论研究了中国区域知识溢出空间距离问题。实证结果表明,中国区域创新空间集聚特征已经形成,并且这种集聚特征有逐年增强趋势;中国区域创新代理变量的适当组合存在协整关系,而如果组合不当,则它们之间不存在协整关系;中国区域创新存在着明显的正负向知识溢出现象,正负向知识溢出位于不同圆环区域。     

Innovation: Exploring the knowledge base

New types of knowledge, and new ways of organising the production of it, may emerge as knowledge producers respond to the challenges posed by a changing society. This paper focuses on the core knowledge of one such emerging field, namely, innovation studies. To explore the knowledge base of the field, a database of references in scholarly surveys of various aspects of innovation, published in “handbooks”, is assembled and a new methodology for analysing the knowledge base of a field with the help of such data is developed. The paper identifies the core contributions to the literature in this area, the most central scholars and important research environments, and analyses - with the help of citations in scholarly journals - how the core literature is used by researchers in different scientific disciplines and cross-disciplinary fields. Based on this information a cluster analysis is used to draw inferences about the structure of the knowledge base on innovation. Finally, the changing character of the field over time is analysed, and possible challenges for its continuing development are discussed.     

Innovation and R&D spillover effects in Spanish regions: A spatial approach

This paper analyses the spatial patterns of innovation, its regional interdependencies and evolution, as well as its role in determining local innovation in Spanish regions. Results indicate the suitability of a trade-based regional proximity when considering spatial spillovers in innovation. In this context, not only local capacity is relevant in determining domestic innovation, but also spatial innovation spillovers, which result mainly from efforts in both higher education and public administration. Moreover, a minimum level of regional development is required to improve the effectiveness of R&D policies. Therefore, it is necessary for R&D policies to act in combination with other policies focused on the improvement of socio-economic and structural determinants of regional innovative performance.     

Alliances are not enough explaining rapid growth in biotechnology firms

The goal of this paper is to understand the factors explaining differential growth in biotechnology firms. It aims also to add some caution to the generalized opinion according to which alliances are the key factor behind new firm performance. The theoretical framework is based on competence, and evolutionary theories of the firm. These approaches underline the fact that within similar industries and technologies firms display clear and persistent variety in performance. Some 60 dedicated biotechnology firms (DBFs) were interviewed across Canada; half of them experienced rapid growth. A few variables, including alliances, explained much of the fast growth.     

高科技产业集群中知识溢出效应的模型与实证分析

知识溢出是高科技产业集群中一个突出现象,本文从企业衍生的视角,对知识溢出、知识流失、企业研发以及知识获取等要素进行动态的模型分析,并运用动态面板数据模型,利用系统广义矩估计方法实证分析高科技产业集群中研发与知识溢出效应及其差异性,研究表明,虽然研发对产业集群创新能力存在显著的区域差异性和时滞性,会出现知识溢出的短期效应,即企业知识流失,但是创新知识具有累积效应,随着企业加大研发与学习投入,将会出现知识溢出的长期效应即产业集群中知识存量增加,每个企业都有机会获得和利用更多的外部知识,形成产业集群技术升级的良性循环。     

Privacy in social networks: An analysis of Facebook

The only way to be aware of the risks and threats of Facebook, the most commonly used social networking site in the world and Turkey, is to be a careful user changing the default settings or simply not to have a Facebook account. In Turkey, there is still no study in which personal information shared though social networking sites has been evaluated in terms of privacy. For this reason, the findings obtained of this study have a great importance in the general picture of the current situation and drawing attention to the risks of the issue in Turkey where there are no legal arrangements effectively protecting the users from such sites. This study aims to investigate the Facebook privacy of information professionals who are members of KUTUP-L, and to determine the sensitivity and level of awareness of information professionals in Turkey. Facebook user profiles of 400 information professionals, all KUTUP-L members, have been analyzed in a study examining 32 different privacy settings. A privacy score has been calculated for each user, and the relations between privacy results have been analyzed. The findings at the end of the study show that information professionals in Turkey do pay attention to privacy, and most of the users change the default settings in order to protect their personal information.     

Tracking community evolution in social networks: A survey

This paper presents a survey of previous studies done on the problem of tracking community evolution over time in dynamic social networks. This problem is of crucial importance in the field of social network analysis. The goal of our paper is to classify existing methods dealing with the issue. We propose a classification of various methods for tracking community evolution in dynamic social networks into four main approaches using as a criterion the functioning principle: the first one is based on independent successive static detection and matching; the second is based on dependent successive static detection; the third is based on simultaneous study of all stages of community evolution; finally, the fourth and last one concerns methods working directly on temporal networks. Our paper starts by giving basic concepts about social networks, community structure and strategies for evaluating community detection methods. Then, it describes the different approaches, and exposes the strengths as well as the weaknesses of each.     

知识溢出与集群创新绩效:竞争程度调节效应

文章以集群企业间竞争程度为调节变量,以创新协同效应和创新抑制效应为中介变量剖析了知识溢出对集群创新的影响机理。通过数理分析和实证检验得到如下结论:一方面知识溢出促进了集群的创新协同从而对创新具有正效应,另一方面知识溢出具有创新抑制效应从而对集群创新具有负效应,集群企业间竞争程度负向调节了知识溢出的创新协同效应,正向调节了知识溢出的创新抑制效应。     

基于BP神经网络的中国省域知识溢出实证研究

按综合科技进步水平将全国31个省市分为五类,综合以往的文献资料并结合BP神经网络工作原理确定了6个影响和制约知识溢出因素的指标作为神经网络的输入变量,提出了基于BP神经网络的知识溢出分析模型;经测算后,取精度较好的两组检验数据,对其各因素进行敏感性分析。结论为影响科技进步水平较高的地区与北京间知识溢出的最重要的因素为创新能力、信任水平;而对科技进步水平较低的地区,影响与北京间的知识溢出最重要的因素为结构相似性水平、吸收能力。     

中国社会信任与社会风险透视——基于知识图谱的视角

在逻辑理路上澄清社会风险与社会信任之间存在的互为因果性的关联机制,并在充分阐释采用知识图谱研究范式解析中国社会风险与社会信任的正当性基础之上,使用SPSS与Ucinet对超过2000篇以“社会风险”和“社会信任”为篇名或关键词的中文文献进行“多维尺度分析”和“社会网络分析”,从而透视到了当代中国在现实中所面临的社会风险与社会信任问题的主要来源、发生领域、主要类型等方面的特征;也在一定程度上明确了中国社会中的社会风险与社会信任在类型、特征和性质等方面与西方社会的差异.据此提出,中国政府应优先建立“制度的信任”,才可能有效化解以整个社会系统不断增加的复杂性所意味着的持续增加的社会风险,从而保持未来中国社会的长期和谐稳定.     

基于不同介质的产业集群知识溢出途径分析

本文在研究产业集群内部学习机制的基础上,提出了产业集群中企业基于不同介质的知识溢出框架,揭示了产业集群中企业知识外溢途径和方式,并通过实证研究发现,产业集群中的非正式沟通、技术引进和人力资本的流动是产业集群知识溢出的主要方式,而产品流动作用不显著。     

创新要素集聚与科技创新的空间外溢效应

本文运用空间面板计量方法将创新主体分为科研机构、高校和企业,研究了创新要素集聚下的科技创新的空间外溢效应。实证研究的结果表明:我国科技创新效率具有明显的空间相关性;创新要素聚集对于对于科研机构具有负影响,对于高校的影响不显著,而对于企业的影响为正;科研机构和高校的创新要素集聚对于创新效率的空间外溢效应不显著,而企业的创新要素集聚对于创新效率提升的空间外溢效应明显,但是在超过800公里后显著性减低;政府支持对于各创新主体的创新效率的影响不显著,甚至为副作用。     

创新生态系统:源起、知识演进和理论框架

创新驱动发展的背景下,企业竞争优势的提升越来越依赖其所处的创新生态系统。作为市场与组织的中间层次,生态系统视角成为创新理论研究范式的新方向。现有的研究缺乏对于创新生态系统理论及其研究演进的系统性回顾。本文以科学计量方法为基础,系统论述了创新生态系统理论的源起、知识演进和理论框架。研究结论显示:创新生态系统的理论研究主要围绕商业生态系统,价值创造,开放式创新,创新生态系统四大聚类展开。基于重点文献对创新生态系统理论知识演进的分析,创新生态系统的理论框架可分为核心文献、理论基础、研究方法三大层次。     

Understanding the formation mechanism of high-quality knowledge in social question and answer communities: A knowledge co-creation perspective

The social question and answer (Q&A) community provides people with an effective tool to obtain high-quality information. From the perspective of reciprocal determinism and value co-creation, this study aims to investigate the formation mechanism of high-quality knowledge in the community. We develop a model to investigate how cognitive factors and community technological factors influence users’ knowledge co-creation behavior, thereby influencing knowledge quality in the community. A survey of 382 knowledge contributors in a social Q&A community shows that knowledge self-efficacy, topic richness, personalized recommendation, and social interactivity have a positive impact on users' knowledge sharing and integration behavior, which subsequently affect the community’s knowledge quality. Moreover, users' ratings moderate the influence of knowledge sharing on knowledge quality. This research demonstrates the synergistic effect of people and technology in knowledge co-creation, thus advances literature about value co-creation and content quality in online communities.     

Efficient identification of node importance in social networks

In social networks, identifying influential nodes is essential to control the social networks. Identifying influential nodes has been among one of the most intensively studies of analyzing the structure of networks. There are a multitude of evaluation indicators of node importance in social networks, such as degree, betweenness and cumulative nomination and so on. But most of the indicators only reveal one characteristic of the node. In fact, in social networks, node importance is not affected by a single factor, but is affected by a number of factors. Therefore, the paper puts forward a relatively comprehensive and effective method of evaluation node importance in social networks by using the multi-objective decision method. Firstly, we select several different representative indicators given a certain weight. We regard each node as a solution and different indicators of each node as the solution properties. Then through calculating the closeness degree of each node to the ideal solution, we obtain evaluation indicator of node importance in social networks. Finally, we verify the effectiveness of the proposed method experimentally on a few actual social networks.