高中数学教学学生自我监控能力的培养策略

一、培养学生自我监控能力的意义 自我监控包括自我监控知识、自我监控体验、实际的自我监控。自我监控知识是个体具有的关于认识活动的一般性知识,主要包括有关认知主体、认知材料及认知策略方面的知识。在学习过程中表现为对个人学习能力、学习方式的认识．对学习任务、学习材料等制约学习任务完成的因素及各种学习策略的认识等等。自我监控体验就是伴随着认知活动而产生的认知体验或情感体验,     

面向深度学习的动态知识图谱建构模型及评测

深度学习回应时代诉求,指向“核心素养”改革,回答了“培养什么样的人”的问题,回归了学习本质。知识图谱有助于促进学生深入思考,提高问题解决能力、批判性思维和创新能力,实现深度学习。但以往知识建构存在组织静态、孤立的局限,基于ARCS动机模型和知识建构理论,从协同知识建构、动机策略和学习环境建构面向深度学习的动态知识图谱模型,具有动态生成、及时反馈、交互共享等特点,突出学生的主体性、能动性,增强学习体验。以大学生为研究对象,利用文本挖掘、滞后序列分析等方法评测动态知识图谱建构模型。结果表明,实验组学生在学习成绩、注意力程度等方面均优于控制组,尤其对中低水平动机学习者产生积极影响,显著提高了学生在完成任务过程中的感知注意力、自信心和满意度。动态知识图谱建构发展思路可从重塑任务前计划、社会认知开放性、意义协商及生成性教学等方面寻找突破口,催生深层次认知能力与高阶思维。     

儿童认知发展中的利用缺陷研究

首先介绍了儿童认知发展中利用缺陷的定义,然后通过对前人的研究文献的分析说明了利用缺陷存在的证据和儿童利用缺陷的发展特征。并从个体可获得的心理资源、背景知识、元记忆、对先前无效策略的抑制和包括智商、性别、温度、动机等的非发展性原因来揭示利用缺陷的影响因素。最后展望了将来可能研究的几个重要问题并简单的说明了利用缺陷对于我们教育的启示。     

数学教学中元认知心理开发与运算能力培养

如何才能更好地发展与培养学生的数学能力,这是心理学与数学教育工作者共同关心的问题。近年来心理学元认知理论在开发学生智力,“教会”学生如何学习上,越来越引起国内教育界人士的重视。从理论上讲“元认知”就是对认知的认知。它主要包括三大成份。 (1)、元认知知识(即学生关于自己或他人的认知活动过程,结果及影响因素等方面的知识)。 (2)、元认知体验(即学生伴随着认知活动而产生的认知体验或情感体验)。 (3)、元认知监控(即学生在认知活动进行中对自己的认知活动进行积极的监控、调     

浅谈中学生数学焦虑的成因和对策

引起中学生数学焦虑的因素主要有知识、观念技能与能力等认知体验因素及家庭、教师学习者等情感体验因素。改善学生数学学习的途径有帮助学生剖析焦虑根源,使用技术暗示及鼓励合作等。     

“阅读圈”文学体验阅读模式的构建:反馈与反思

“阅读圈”(又名“文学圈”)曾一度风靡美国,对阅读教学产生了深远的影响。笔者尝试把“阅读圈”文学体验教学模式引入《英语读写》课程实践教学中。课后对所有参与“阅读圈”模式体验的同学从认知、能力、情感等维度展开问卷调查。结果显示阅读圈教学模式有助于培养学生兴趣,拓展思维能力,丰富学生学习体验。学生们通过这种互动式学习发现了自身知识和能力方面的不足,主要表现在词汇量相对有限,对主题和内涵理解不到位,知识宽度受限,沟通表达能力欠佳等四个方面。学生的反馈也促使教师反思教学实践,思考如何优化“阅读圈”模式的教学设计,并针对教学实践中的实际问题提出相应的建议,改进教学效果。     

试论元认知能力培养的教学策略

如何让学生学会学习,学会解决问题,成为一名解决问题的高手,是学校教学的目标之一。影响学生问题解决能力的因素有许多,其中元认知水平是一个重要的因素。一、元认知在问题解决中的作用元认知就是关于认知的认知,是个体对自己认知活动的自我意识、自我体验、自我调节和监控。它包括元认知知识、元认知体验和元认知监控三个部分。(1)元认知知识就是有关认知的知识。它包括:关于个体的知识,如个人的兴趣、爱好和能力,与他人的差异等;关于认知任务的知识,如问题中有关信息特点的知识、问题的要求和目的;关于认知策略的知识。(2)元认知体验是指…     

让体验走进数学课堂

《数学课程标准》多次使用了“体验”等刻画数学活动水平的动词,明确了“体验”作为数学教学的过程性目标之一。数学学习中的体验是指学生个体在教学活动中,通过行为、认知和情感的参与,获得对数学事实与经验的理性认知和情感体验。体验学习是在素质教育大背景下产生的一种教育思想,它充分展示了以人为本的教育理念。在教学中,教师应确立学生的主体地位,引导学生参与学习的全过程,让学生在体验中思考,在思考中创造,在创造中发展。一、联系实际,在生活中体验数学教育心理学研究表明,当学习材料与学生的已有知识和生活经验相联系时,学生对学习…     

幼儿情绪调节与“冷”“热”抑制控制的发展特点

本研究采用“冷”“热”抑制控制任务和幼儿情绪调节策略问卷,探讨了3～5岁幼儿的情绪调节状况、“冷”“热”抑制控制的年龄发展趋势及其与幼儿情绪调节策略的关系.结果表明幼儿使用最多的情绪调节策略是替代活动、问题解决,其次是认知重建,而较少采用被动应付、发泄等情绪调节策略.随着年龄的增长,3～5岁幼儿更多采用问题解决的策略,而更少采用发泄策略.3～5岁幼儿的“冷”抑制控制在4岁时有明显的发展,4岁以上儿童在抑制控制任务上的通过率均超过70％.儿童“热”抑制控制的快速发展阶段是5岁,礼物延迟和失望礼物等“热”抑制控制任务对3～5岁幼儿采用替代活动、问题解决、认知重建和发泄等情绪调节策略有显著的预测作用.幼儿的情绪调节策略会影响到其同伴接纳和将来社会能力的发展,成人应采取有效措施引导幼儿多采用问题解决、认知重建等积极的情绪调节策略,同时关注幼儿抑制控制能力的发展,尤其是其“热”抑制控制能力的发展.     

借鉴陶行知“小先生制”教育思想 有效重建初中数学课堂生活

传统数学课堂教学以知识为本位,主要是将完整、系统的知识传授给学生,师生关系是简单的单向关系,教师仅仅关注学生的认知活动,知识的灌输成了课堂生活的唯一的内容,学生被动地学习,体验不到学习的快乐,课堂上看不到儿童应有的灵气和活力,这是传统课堂教学最根本的缺陷．对这种长久以来形成的问题,陶行知先生提出的“关注生活”、“依据生活”和“为了生活”的生活教育理论,     

The Teacher''s Role in Facilitating Memory and Study Strategy Development in the Elementary School Classroom

The efforts of 69 elementary school teachers to instruct children in cognitive processing activities were observed. Although the teaching of such activities was relatively infrequent, it varied by grade (occurring more often in grades 2-3 than in higher or lower grades) and by the content of instruction. Teachers of grade 4 and above more often provided rationales for the use of cognitive strategies than did teachers of younger children. In a second study, children of three achievement levels were selected from classrooms in which teachers varied in their use of suggestions regarding cognitive processes. Subsequent to training in the use of a memory strategy, children's performance on a maintenance trial was evaluated: Among average and low achievers, those whose teachers were relatively high in strategy suggestions showed better maintenance and more deliberate use of the trained strategy than did children whose teachers rarely made strategy suggestions. The role of school experience in the development of children's memory skills is discussed.     

儿童认知策略的发展特点

认知策略是个体在解决问题的过程中,运用已有的知识和经验,以期达到目的的智力活动.认知策略的层次性使得其分类方式交叉重叠.儿童认知策略的发展具有以下特征:随着年龄的增长儿童开始产生策略,进而自发使用这些策略,策略使用的有效性也在增加.许多实证研究表明,西格勒的重叠波浪模型符合儿童认知策略发展的特点.     

Memory strategy development: do we need yet another deficiency?

Recent discussions of strategy development have included the introduction of the concept of utilization deficiency. The present analysis examines the definition of utilization deficiency vis-à-vis the older contrasts between mediation and production deficiency and assesses the logical clarity of the current definition. Further, because utilization deficiency focuses on the transition from initial to proficient strategy use, the present analysis considers all of the possible types of strategy inefficiencies and evaluates whether the current definition of utilization deficiency precludes consideration of important strategy inefficiencies that have been documented in the existing literature and are likely to form the bulk of yet-to-be discovered inefficiencies. Although the emphasis on strategy inefficiencies is welcomed, the current analysis concludes that there are serious problems with the current definition of utilization deficiency, problems that both obscure important theoretical distinctions of the past and limit the investigation of strategy inefficiencies that are likely to play an important role in our understanding of the development of strategy use. Furthermore, the linear developmental model that frames utilization deficiencies from no benefit to sophisticated strategy use ignores the heterogeneity in strategy development that has been recently documented.     

论贵州民族山区儿童安全教育策略

贵州民族山区儿童安全教育应该结合山区居住、生产、生活特点,以“火”、“水”的安全利用为重点,把安全教育与儿童心理发展规律结合起来,指导儿童养成恪守安全规程的性格,发挥儿童切身体验和经验的积极作用。     

Strategy acquisition by children with general learning difficulties through metacognitive training

Children with general learning difficulties commonly show lower school success and have a slower rate of learning. They show limited and inefficient strategy use in all kinds of tasks. Efficient strategy use requires a certain degree of metacognitive knowledge and executive control. A sample of 16 children (ages 8 to 12) with learning difficulties participated in a 3-month metacognitive training intervention that alternated between curriculum-related and curriculum-unrelated tasks. The children were indirectly taught cognitive and metacognitive strategies by means of guided prompting. The application of the strategies and the children's metacognitive knowledge were evaluated through observation of their behavior and verbalizations. Children showed progress in strategy use and metacognitive knowledge in both types of tasks, but it was only in the more concrete strategies that a positive correlation was found between application and quality of reflection. It is hypothesized that children perceived these concrete strategies to be of most practical value and they were therefore able to reflect most accurately on their use.     

基于库伯经验学习理论的成人教学策略探析

库伯的经验学习理论认为,学习是持续的经验构成与再构成的动态过程。拥有丰富的实践经验是成人认知学习的主要特点,在学习的过程中,成人以其经验为基础,不断地进行回顾、理解、反思以及重构。因此,成人教学在实施的过程中,应结合成人学习的特点,重视成人经验的作用,要设置注重解决实际问题的教学目标,教授与其经验相联系的教学内容,教师扮演好"引导者"的角色,设计基于问题的教学情境,采取对话分享经验的教学方法,推动成人经验学习。     

Preparing Preservice Teachers to Work with Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Children: A Service Learning Experience

This study investigated the influence of professional development on 20 preschool teachers' use of instructional conversations in classrooms for 2- to 5-year-old children. Instructional conversation is a small group discussion that builds on children's prior knowledge to assess and assist conceptual understanding. Over a 3-year period, the educators participated in professional development designed to increase their use of the strategy in their classrooms. Each teacher was video-recorded six times annually while teaching. Two coders rated the video recordings, and the data were analyzed using a longitudinal multilevel model. Results indicated that regardless of their prior teaching experience, all of the teachers increased their use of instructional conversation throughout their participation in the professional development program. These increases were along the same trajectory for all teachers, suggesting that the professional development was effective for both new and veteran teachers. Results suggest that those who taught older children tended to use instructional conversation to a greater degree, indicating that the strategy may be easier to implement with older preschoolers.     

儿童立场：基于多元智能理念下的数学教学

“童话教育促进儿童多元智能发展的研究”课题以儿童为本位、以课堂为主阵地研究童话促进儿童多元智能的发展。作为数学教师,除了要解读文本,探寻教材的深度、广度、厚度外,更多的应研究儿童．探究多元智能在数学教学中的作用。从解读儿童的经验留存、研究儿童的个性差异、探寻学生的认知风格、思考学生的学习障碍等方面挖掘儿童的潜在智能,让儿童立场成为多元智能起飞的跑道。     

Training and Extension of a Memory Strategy: Evidence for Utilization Deficiencies in the Acquisition of an Organizational Strategy in High- and Low-IQ Children

143 9- and 10-year-old children were classified into high- and low-IQ groups and given 4 different sort/recall lists (baseline, training, near [immediate] extension, far [1-week] extension) to assess training and extension of an organizational memory strategy. All children received categorized items of moderate typicality for Phases 1, 3, and 4. For Phase 2, children were assigned to either a training or control group, with half of the children in each group receiving category typical items and the others category atypical items. Levels of recall, sorting, and clustering were greater in Phase 2 for high-IQ children, for the typical lists, and for trained children. Both the high- and low-IQ children trained with typical items continued to show high levels of recall on the near extension phase. No group of subjects maintained high levels of recall after 1 week, although levels of sorting and/or clustering on the extension trials remained high for all groups of subjects except the low-IQ control children. This latter pattern (elevated sorting/clustering with low levels of recall) is an indication of a utilization deficiency , a phase in strategy development when children use a strategy but gain little or no benefit in performance. The results provide evidence for IQ, training, and material effects in the demonstration of a utilization deficiency.