Comparisons of Structural Equation Modeling and Hierarchical Linear Modeling Approaches to Couples' Data

This article compares 2 statistical approaches for the analysis of data obtained from married couples. The article summarizes a current multilevel (or hierarchical) model that has demonstrated considerable utility in marital research; it also extends this formulation in several respects. This model is then respecified into a more familiar structural equation modeling (SEM) formulation, highlighting the similarities and the differences in the 2 approaches. Cross-sectional data on 348 American married couples is used to examine the influence of age, duration of marriage, and number of children on marital satisfaction. Results of the 2 sets of analyses yielded nearly identical findings. The strengths and possible extensions of the SEM approach are discussed.     

Automating Multiple Software Packages in Simulation Research for Structural Equation Modeling and Hierarchical Linear Modeling

Simulation researchers are sometimes faced with the need to use multiple statistical software packages in the process of conducting their research, potentially having to go between software packages manually. This can be a tedious and time-consuming process that generally motivates researchers to use fewer replications in their simulations than they might have used had the entire process been automated. This article describes a process by which multiple software packages can be used by governing the study with SAS and having SAS call DOS to run other software. Because this automation process should greatly reduce the time necessary for the simulations, it is hoped that this will enable researchers to use a greater number of replications and thereby enhance the precision and accuracy of their results.     

论广东高等教育层次结构与形式结构的优化

伴随规模的快速扩张,广东高等教育的层次结构已出现研究生层次较为薄弱和专科层次发展过热两个突出问题,形式结构则明显滞后于地区所有制结构的调整步伐。广东高等教育总量发展要考虑适当的“度”,既要构建脉络清晰、梯度合理的地区人才培养层次结构,也要形成多样化与一体化协调统一为目标的形式结构。     

应用项目反应理论等值含有多种题型考试的一个实例

本文以美国一个州的高中统考为例介绍应用项目反应理论来对含有多种题型的考试进行等值处理的具体做法,同时也对考试的其他技术环节进行了一些探讨。     

高等教育公平:一项未完成的议程

在高等教育由精英化走向大众化的进程中,许多高校都发现其多样性、教育公平以及学术的优越性之间存在着某种必然的联系。之所以应重视高等教育的多样性不是因为其本身的目的,而是因为多样性是实现高等教育三大重要目标的途径之一。这三大目标包括：第一,机会均等;第二,为社会各个阶层培养领袖人才;第三,丰富所有学生的教育经历。随着社会经济的多样化,高等院校应当为实现教育机会均等和高等教育公平起到引擎的作用,为实现高等教育的公平而努力。     

发展高等职业教育是实现高等教育大众化的必然选择

无论是从马丁·特罗 (MartinTrow)的高等教育发展阶段划分理论中的有关论述 ,还是比较研究一些已经进入高等教育“大众化”阶段国家的“大众化”进程 ,以及从我国现阶段经济社会发展的需要等方面来看 ,大力发展高等职业教育是实现高等教育“大众化”的必然选择。最后 ,对发展高等职业教育提出若干建议。     

Research into Higher Education: An Overview

The build-up of Swedish research into higher education and its function in society has been in progress since the beginning of the 1970s. This work has been conducted under a special programme whose steering forms assure that the selection of researchers and research ventures is influenced both by research criteria and by practitioners' assessments of relevance. The purpose of the research programme is to articulate and analyse basic issues of higher education, so as to improve our understanding of the conditions in which higher education is best able to fulfill its tasks. The following is a short summary of the development of the programme during the past decade, together with a few examples of the content of the programme, and some concluding remarks on working procedure. There are also four appendices with information on programme costs, and the composition of the advisory groups, and with lists of the programme's current projects and surveys.     

高职数学建模教学改革的尝试

针对目前高职数学建模教学中存在的一系列问题,总结笔者在实践过程中的经验,提出一些建议与改革思路.     

Faculty Hiring at Top-Ranked Higher Education Administration Programs: An Examination Using Social Network Analysis

Using network analysis we investigated faculty hiring at 21 U. S. News top-ranked programs in higher education administration. Our research questions were as follows. Do top programs hire from each other? Are faculty from the “outside” finding positions at top programs? Mixed results hint at implications for the “health” of the hiring network. Closed systems in higher education may produce unintended consequences as graduate programs look to expand into new global markets.     

省域高等教育层次结构与就业人员受教育程度的适应性研究

高等教育只有在供给结构上实现合理优化,才能适应劳动力市场人才需求及就业结构。省域高等教育层次结构与就业人员受教育程度的适应性是衡量省域高等教育质量和水平的重要标志。本研究对2007-2017年全国及各省域高等教育层次结构和就业人员受教育程度的适应性关系进行了分析,发现我国高等教育层次结构逐步呈"橄榄形"状态,以本科生为主,研究生增长迅速,专科生比例不断下降,但就业人员的受教育程度仍然以专科为主,"金字塔形"明显,二者不相适应。依据适应性评价框架,省域之间的结构适应性状况差别较大,整体而言,重视专科培养的山西等省份适应性状态更好。     

Privatization: An Unheralded Trend in Public Higher Education

Privatization refers to the changing funding base for public higher education. Beginning in the late 1970s, state governments slowly but steadily decreased the level of support for higher education. As the state support declined, student tuition rose, both in absolute terms and as a percentage of the support for the Education and General budgets of public colleges and universities. At the same time, the rationale for higher education changed, from viewing it as a public benefit—with the major share of the cost borne by the public—to describing it as a private benefit—with the students paying the major share of the cost. A public policy issue of this magnitude requires the involvement of the public in an informed discussion before change occurs.     

数学建模与高职数学教育

本文根据目前我国高等职业技术教育发展的现状,提出高职数学教育应注重能力的培养,讨论了在高等职业教育的数学教育中融入数学建模内容的必要性、可行性与实现的途径。     

Using Technology to Enhance Higher Education

Whether our students are sitting in the room with us as we teach, sitting in their home listening, participating by video-conference, or answering discussion questions on an online platform, technology can play a pivotal role in student learning. In this article we discuss technology in higher education, specifically its role in hybrid or online formats. As Renard (2005) so eloquently stated, "No generation has ever had to wait so little time for so much information" (p. 44). Presented here is a discussion of the types of students who benefit from distance learning, the factors that prompt instructors to engage in distance learning, and what instructors should know about distance education before they begin teaching with this kind of delivery.     

Evaluation of Validity and Reliability for Hierarchical Scales Using Latent Variable Modeling

A latent variable modeling method is outlined, which accomplishes estimation of criterion validity and reliability for a multicomponent measuring instrument with hierarchical structure. The approach provides point and interval estimates for the scale criterion validity and reliability coefficients, and can also be used for testing composite or simple hypotheses about these coefficients. The proposed method is illustrated with a numerical example.     

"平行志愿"改革对高校招生的影响——以浙江省高职为例

本文基于2007年浙江省高校招生实行"平行志愿"的实践,分析"平行志愿"及投档方法之利弊,对其在贯彻"阳光招生"政策上的积极作用作了充分肯定,并从技术层面上,就高校招生"平行志愿"报考及录取方式中高职院校工作提出了若干思考.     

数学建模思想融入高职数学教学的策略分析

目前我国高职院校高等数学教学存在一些问题,很多学生对高等数学的学习存在抵触心理,厌学逃课时有发生。分析问题存在的原因,提出相应的对策,将数学建模的思想融入高职数学教学中,有效地提高学生学习高等数学的能力。