基于LabVIEW的网络化虚拟仪器实验与教学管理系统的设计

介绍了虚拟仪器在实验教学中应用的先进性和必要性,详细阐述了基于LabVIEW的网络化虚拟仪器实验教学管理系统的实现方法。通过建立虚拟仪器实验系统,结合数据库和网络技术建立数据库,开发网络化的虚拟实验管理系统,充分发挥了虚拟仪器的优势,最大限度地实现了硬件资源共享。以一个用当今流行的虚拟仪器开发软件LabVIEW开发的虚拟仪器实验系统为例,分析了网络化的虚拟仪器在实验教学中的优势。     

网络实验教学模式的探索与实践

本文介绍了基于校园网模拟电路虚拟实验教学的新模式。该模式将仿真设计与实际操作、虚拟仪器技术和网络技术结合,进行网上虚拟模拟电路实验,实验结果和设计内容可以在校园网上发布。该模式在实践中取得了良好的教学效果。     

基于NI ELVIS的网络化实验教学平台

网络实验室的构建为解决实验室资源紧缺和共享实验室资源提供了一个重要途径,它是多媒体技术、网络技术和虚拟仪器技术的结合。基于NI ELVIS和NI LabVIEW的多传感器数据采集系统网络化实验教学平台,配有相应的信号调理电路和外围接口电路,组成了各种信号采集模块。利用ELVIS在仪器、控制领域的功能,结合LabVIEW程序设计,将处理后的数据,通过LabVIEW服务器端软件本身的Web Server功能发布到网上,为使用者提供了一个网络化的教学平台。     

网络化PXI总线虚拟实验室设计与实现

利用网络技术，实现虚拟仪器技术向网络领域拓展，能够更好的利用硬件资源，改进实验教学方法，提高实验教学水平。介绍了NI的DataSocket技术和基于PXI总线的虚拟实验平台的建立及其结构和功能。给出了利用DataSocket实现该实验平台网络化的设计方案，并阐述了实现中关键问题的解决方法。该网络实验室已经在实验教学中得到应用，效果良好。     

构建网络化虚拟仪器关键技术研究

介绍了网络化虚拟仪器技术和构建网络化虚拟仪器所采用结构模式,结构模式包含了B/S模式和C/S模式,结合二者的优缺点提出混合C/B/S模式.探讨在Lab Windows/CVI环境下,网络化虚拟仪器的实现方式,重点研究了基于Data Socket技术构建的远程测控结构,并利用该结构通过编程得以实现,得到了预期效果.最后分析网络化虚拟仪器技术的优势,指出网络化虚拟仪器是测控领域发展的必然趋势.     

基于网络的虚拟实验室的研究

近年来,随着虚拟技术和网络技术的发展,通过网络构建虚拟实验室已经成为可能,虚拟实验室已成为远程教学研究的重要方面.虚拟实验室的开发是高校"信息化校园"建设中教育环境虚拟化的一个重要组成部分.该文在分析虚拟实验室国内外研究现状及虚拟仪器开发技术的基础上,将虚拟仪器技术、数据库技术和网络技术应用于虚拟实验室的开发,构建了基于网络的虚拟实验室系统,为用户提供网络化、开放式的实验环境.     

网络工程虚拟实验室的研究

采用多媒体技术、仿真技术、数据库技术和网络技术构建了一个网上虚拟实验环境.在介绍虚拟实验室的概念和功能的基础上,重点论述虚拟实验室的构架、实现及其与虚拟现实技术、虚拟仪器和多媒体技术的有机融合.     

基于网络化虚拟仪器技术的虚拟实验室构建

该文介绍了网络化虚拟仪器技术和虚拟实验室的概念,分析了实现网络化虚拟实验室所需的关键技术,并对网络化虚拟实验室建设的软件、硬件的构成及建立网络化虚拟实验室的实施方案进行了论述．给出了其通用模型,在此基础构建了一个基于鼹络化虚拟仪器技术的虚拟实验室．     

基于虚拟仪器的传感器课程综合实验教学

分析了目前传感器课程教学实验环节中存在着设备落后、缺乏生动形象的实验手段、与实际工程应用脱节等问题。介绍了DRVI虚拟仪器设计系统，并将其与CYS10型传感器实验仪结合，构成基于计算机技术的新的传感器实验平台。采用虚拟仪器技术不仅可在提高实验设备水平的同时降低更新实验设备所需的投资，而且通过综合性实验为提高学生全面运用所学知识的能力创造了良好的实验条件。     

基于智能化的传感器教学实验的仿真系统

基于智能化的传感器教学实验仿真系统是为辅助传感器测量与虚拟仪器实践教学平台的使用而设计的仿真测量软件系统，它由Access软件和LabVIEW软件编写，基于智能化的传感器教学实验仿真系统为实现实验环节的网络化教学做出探索性工作。对实验环节现代化具有重要的实用价值。     

The Learning Environment of High School Students in Chemistry and Biology Laboratories

In this article a comparison of students’ perceptions of laboratory classes in chemistry and biology is presented. By using the Science Laboratory Environment Inventory (SLEI), pronounced and significant differences between chemistry and biology laboratory environments were found on two of the subscales: ‘Integration’ that describes the extent to which its laboratory activities are integrated with non‐laboratory and classroom learning and ‘Open‐endedness’, a subscale that measures the extent to which the laboratory emphasises an open‐ended, divergent, and an individualised approach to experimentation. It is suggested that the SLEI can be considered as a sensitive tool to measure students’ perceptions of their learning environment in different subject matters during the laboratory work. In this study the SLEI was also used to compare students’ actual and preferred learning environments and to explore gender differences regarding this issue.     

Factors influencing student perceptions of high-school science laboratory environments

Science laboratory learning has been lauded for decades for its role in fostering positive student attitudes about science and developing students’ interest in science and ability to use equipment. An expanding body of research has demonstrated the significant influence of laboratory environment on student learning. Further research has demonstrated differences in student perceptions based on giftedness. To explore the relationship between giftedness and students’ perceptions of their learning environment, we examined students’ perceptions of their laboratory learning environment in biology courses, including courses designated for high-achieving versus regular-achieving students. In addition, to explore the relationship between students’ perceptions and the extent of their experience with laboratory learning in a particular discipline, we examined students’ perceptions of their laboratory learning environment in first-year biology courses versus elective biology courses that require first-year biology as a prerequisite. We found that students in high-achieving courses had a more favourable perception of all aspects of their learning environment when compared with students in regular courses. In addition, student perceptions of their laboratory appeared to be influenced by the extent of their experience in learning science. Perceptions were consistent amongst regular- and high-achieving students regardless of grade level. In addition, perceptions of students in first year and beyond were consistent regardless of grade level. These findings have critical applications in curriculum development as well as in the classroom. Teachers can use student perceptions of their learning environment to emphasize critical pedagogical approaches and modify other areas that enable enhancement of the science laboratory learning environment.     

日本静冈大学地学教育特点及启示

日本静冈大学理学部地球科学科的大学教育适应其国家基本国情。教授实验室制度、学术研讨制度、公共基础实验平台、大型仪器开放制度以及野外实习等构成统一的教育教学模式。该教育模式具有一定的优点,对学生自学能力、动手能力、科研探索能力和学术表达能力都有较好的锻炼,且科研成本相对低廉,有利于人才的培养。但是,该教育模式也有不足之处,学生受教授专业知识结构影响较大,对学科整体把握程度存在欠缺。     

Extending Students’ Practice of Metacognitive Regulation Skills with the Science Writing Heuristic

Metacognition can be described as an internal conversation that seeks to answer the questions, ‘how much do I really know about what I am learning’ and, ‘how am I monitoring what I am learning?’ Metacognitive regulation skills are critical to meaningful learning because they facilitate the abilities to recognize the times when one's current level of understanding is insufficient and to identify the needs for closing the gap in understanding. This research explored how using the Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) as an instructional approach in a laboratory classroom affected students’ practice of metacognitive skills while solving open-ended laboratory problems. Within our qualitative research design, results demonstrate that students in the SWH environment, compared to non-SWH students, used metacognitive strategies to a different degree and to a different depth when solving open-ended laboratory problems. As students engaged in higher levels of metacognitive regulation, peer collaboration became a prominent path for supporting the use of metacognitive strategies. Students claimed that the structure of the SWH weekly laboratory experiments improved their ability to solve open-ended lab problems. Results from this study suggest that using instruction that encourages practice of metacognitive strategies can improve students’ use of these strategies.     

Lab Work and Learning in Secondary School Chemistry: The Importance of Teacher and Student Interaction

Laboratory work is considered essential in promoting students’ learning of science and of scientific inquiry. What the students perceive as important to learn from a regular laboratory exercise is probably affected by the teacher’s objectives. We study the extent to which one teacher’s objectives are fulfilled during lab work, and how teacher–student and student–student interactions contribute to developing learning experiences from the laboratory exercise. Do students encounter opportunities to learn in agreement with the teacher’s objectives? This explanatory single case study includes use of a palette of methods, such as pre- and post-interviews, observations and video documentation from an experienced secondary school teacher and her 8th grade (aged 13–14) students’ laboratory work. Our results point to the importance of teacher involvement to help students understand what to look for, how to do it and why. Especially teacher–student interactions during lab work seemed to influence what students perceived as important to learn. In the laboratory exercise in this case, the teacher helped the students to observe and to use their observations in their explanations. The lab work included learning experiences other than those addressed by the teacher, and the teacher’s intentions were partially fulfilled. Not only what the teacher says, but also how the teacher acts is important to help students understand what to learn from a laboratory exercise.     

当代大学生利益诉求与表达机制研究

当代大学生利益诉求问题需要通过建立相应机制来解决。高校应完善奖、助学金公示制度、实验室管理制度、校园广播、餐厅学生监督台等内容在内的相关机制,强化班主任工作责任制,设立维权部门,推进学生会、团组织服务学生利益工作的开展,逐步培养大学生民主和维权意识。     

‘Dry laboratories’ in science education; computer‐based practical work

Practical (laboratory) work in science education has traditionally been used to allow students to rediscover already known concepts and ideas, to demonstrate concepts taught in the classroom or, in the case of inquiry‐based science curricula, to teach concepts. Often, these laboratory practicals do not achieve their goals and may even confuse or demotivate students. It is not that using ‘wet’ practicals is intrinsically wrong; rather, it is that they are often used for the wrong reasons. They do have a place in science curricula ‐ for the conveyance of tacit knowledge that can only be achieved in the laboratory setting. In our view, their use should be restricted to that.

Non‐laboratory practicals ('dry labs'), and especially multimedia practicals, tend to be used for completely different reasons. They are best used to help students achieve specific cognitive skills (such as analysis, synthesis and evaluation) needed to practise science and to carry out scientific inquiry. This article sketches the problems associated with the use of dry laboratories in science education, presents design considerations for the use of such practicals in science education and presents examples of innovative non‐traditional practicals.     

Students’ Representations of Scientific Practice during a Science Internship: Reflections from an activity‐theoretic perspective

Working at scientists’ elbows is one suggestion that educators make to improve science education, because such “authentic experiences” provide students with various types of science knowledge. However, there is an ongoing debate in the literature about the assumption that authentic science activities can enhance students’ understandings of scientific practice. The purpose of the study is to further address the debate in terms of the ethnographic data collected during an internship programme for high school students right through to their public presentations at the end. Drawing on activity theory to analyse these presentations, we found that students presented scientific practice as accomplished by individual personnel without collaboration in the laboratory. However, our ethnographic data of their internship interaction show that students have had conversations about the complex collaborations within and outside the laboratory. This phenomenon leads us to claim that students experienced authentic science in their internships, but their subsequent representations of authentic science are incomplete. That is, participating in authentic science internships and reporting scientific practice are embedded activities that constitute different goals and conditions rather than unrefracted reflections of one another. The debate on the influence on students’ understanding of science practice is not simply related to situating students in authentic science contexts, but also related to students’ values and ideology of reporting their understanding of and about science. To help students see these “invisible” moments of science practice is therefore crucial. We make suggestions for how the invisible in and of authentic science may be made visible.     

口腔医学技术实验室管理浅谈

口腔医学技术是一门以实验为基础的学科,实验课是学生对理论知识的巩固和动手操作能力的培养过程。通过实验教学,学生可以掌握基本操作技能,为后期实习与工作打下良好基础。实验室是进行实验教学、培养学生动手能力、创造性思维和职业道德的场所。充分发挥实验室资源,有序地、保质保量地完成实验教学任务是我们实验室管理人员的职责。因此,加强口腔医学技术实验室教学管理,是保障实验教学质量和提高学生动手能力的有效方式。     

大学生创新实验活动的实践与思考——以西南交通大学峨眉校区为例

西南交通大学峨眉校区开展了＂大学生创新实验活动＂,通过活动搭建实验平台,引领更多学生和教师进入实验室,并突出学生个性化培养,为毕业设计和竞赛质量的提高奠定了基础,以实验活动为依托,推进CD IO工程教育模式的实施。但实验活动只是学生个性化培养的一种新的尝试,由于学校财力、物力的局限性,从中受益的学生也只有极少数;实验活...