论视力残疾学生的心理健康教育

视力残疾学生的心理健康问题凸显在“一般认知能力发展”和“社会化发展”两个方面。文章以视力残疾学生现存的心理健康问题分析为基础,结合我国有关心理健康教育的政策法规,提出视力残疾学生心理健康教育的对策,以期能为教育工作者和有关部门开展相关工作提供参考。     

The Use of a Standardized Simulation and Process Tracing for Studying Clinical Problem-Solving Competence

Greater understanding of the clinical judgment and problem-solving processes used by counselors and psychologists could add significantly to a working knowledge of how competent practitioners function. This investigation used a standardized treatment planning simulation and a process tracing strategy to qualitatively examine how 15 mental health clinicians solved a typical client management problem. Purposes of the study included (a) demonstration of an empirical methodology for conducting research into clinical problem solving; (b) preliminary observation about the relationship between cognitive processes of inquiry and subsequent treatment planning; and (c) identification of hypotheses about critical factors involved in mental health problem solving that warrant further research. This report describes how those objectives were met and reviews their implications for training and assessment of mental health professionals.     

Promoting cultural competence in counseling Asian American children and adolescents

Asian Americans are commonly perceived as the diligent and high‐achieving “model minority.” This positive stereotype has negative consequences for this ethnic minority group because it trivializes their social and mental health problems. This image of success has made many overlook the true nature of the struggles many Asian American families have to face in the United States. Scientific literature suggests that Asian American children experience major adjustment problems in school including loneliness, isolation, withdrawal, rejection, anxiety, low self‐esteem, and interpersonal distress. Cultural barriers exist between the Asian and the dominant society and influence Asian Americans' cognitive appraisal and coping choices when personal and emotional problems arise. These barriers also prevent clinicians from identifying and subsequently providing effective mental health services for Asian American children and their families. In this article, the authors examine the Asian cultural conceptions of mental health and various cultural barriers in an attempt to promote cultural understanding and competence among clinicians working with Asian American children and their families. Recommendations for clinical practice and future research directions are provided. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

An empirical basis for linking social and emotional learning to academic performance

There is general agreement about the benefits of school-based social and emotional learning (SEL) interventions in relation to children and young people’s social-emotional competence, mental health, and academic achievement. However, we know little about the theorized mechanisms through which SEL leads to improved academic outcomes. The current study is the first to present an integrative model (derived from the SEL logic model) using a 3-wave (annual assessment, T1, T2, T3) longitudinal sample of 1626 (51% boys, n = 832) 9–12-year-old students (M = 9.17, SD = .31 at baseline) attending 45 elementary schools in England, drawn from a major randomized trial of a universal SEL intervention (the Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies curriculum; PATHS). Using structural equation modeling that accounted for within-time covariance, data clustering, gender and prior academic attainment, we examined the temporal relations between social-emotional competence (T1), school connectedness (T2), mental health difficulties (T2), and academic attainment (T3). It was hypothesized that social-emotional competence would directly and indirectly influence academic attainment through school connectedness and mental health difficulties. Our analyses also examined whether these hypothesized relations varied as a function of intervention exposure (PATHS versus usual provision). The theorized model was partially supported. Social-emotional competence at T1 exerted a significant influence on school connectedness and mental health difficulties at T2. However, the latter was the only significant predictor and mediator of academic attainment at T3 after controlling for gender and prior academic performance. Students with greater social-emotional competence at T1 were reported to experience fewer mental health difficulties at T2, and this in turn predicted higher academic attainment at T3. Intervention exposure did not markedly influence the magnitude or statistical significance of these identified pathways. Collectively, these findings indicate some possible revisions to our current understanding regarding the role of social-emotional competence in promoting academic attainment, as its contribution appears to lay primarily in buffering the adverse effects of mental health difficulties.     

浅谈大学生的心理健康教育

高素质的人才必须有健全的体魄、健康的心理，而现在大学生的心理健康状况却是令人担忧的。本阐述了心理健康的概念和标准，分析了大学生心理疾病的主要表现，提出从重视心理健康教育、建立心理咨询机构、提高教师素质、提高学生自我修养、搞好校园化建设等几个方面，做好大学生的心理健康教育工作。     

认知隐喻理论及隐喻能力培养

认知隐喻理论认为隐喻不仅是语言现象,还是人类的思维方式和认知工具。"概念隐喻理论"和"合成空间理论"是认知隐喻理论中对隐喻最具解释力的两大派系。在介绍这两个理论的基础上,可以进而探讨隐喻能力在外语教学中的重要性,以及如何培养隐喻能力。     

高校辅导员心理健康教育胜任力探析

文章从建立完善的培训机制、开设辅导员心理沙龙、鼓励辅导员进行学生心理调研、政策导向、加强自我教育等五个方面提出高校辅导员心理健康教育胜任力的问题。     

高校辅导员如何胜任大学生心理辅导

心理辅导的胜任特征是高校辅导员履行大学生心理健康教育职能的关键因素。当前高校辅导员应具备的心理辅导胜任特征在知识、技能、自我概念、特质和动机五个方面都有其特殊的要求。由于心理辅导胜任特征良莠不齐的缘故,目前高校辅导员履行大学生心理辅导职能的状况并不理想。我们建议从完善选聘机制、加大培训力度和强化绩效管理几个方面采取有效措施改善高校辅导员的心理辅导胜任特征。     

Familial risk and child competence

Components of familial risk are examined in the context of a 4-year longitudinal study of children with mentally ill mothers. The risk factors examined are parental mental health, social status, parental perspectives, and family stress. The interactions among the risk factors were found to be complex in nature and different for child cognitive and social-emotional competence. These findings are discussed in the context of a systems approach to development in general, and to the development of children at risk in particular. Parental beliefs, attitudes, and coping abilities are hypothesized to be important mediators between environmental stress and child competencies.     

开设《健身气功·五禽戏》选修课程的教学实验研究

通过对选修《健身气功.五禽戏》课程的63名学生进行教学对比实验,从运动参与、运动技能、身体健康和心理健康四个教学目标方面进行了调查、比较和分析研究。结果表明：学生对健身气功.五禽戏表现出较高的学习兴趣;五禽戏能够改善大学生的柔韧、协调、平衡能力和调节心理状态,在大学体育课程中开设具有可行性。     

关于教师心理素质问题的探讨

素质教育的实施,对教师职业能力提出了更高的要求。教师面临沉重的心理压力,影响着其心理健康。教师心理健康的维护需要社会、学校以及个人多方共同努力。     

Physical Exercise During the Morning School‐Break Improves Basic Cognitive Functions

Physical activity has not only been associated with increased physical and mental health, but also with beneficial effects on various cognitive and brain functions. This study investigated the effects of a motor and coordination oriented exercise intervention on academic achievements, attention/concentration ability, and on different facets of creative potential in a sample of school‐aged children between 11 and 14 years. The intervention was conducted during the morning school‐break over a time period of 4 weeks (5 units per week). The intervention was associated with beneficial effects on attention/concentration ability, basic arithmetic competence, and the fluency facet of creative potential. The finding that regular physical exercise during the morning break improves some basic academic and cognitive functions may motivate efforts to implement physical activity programs as promising and effective tools in the everyday school‐routine of the children to stimulate basic neurocognitive functions.     

Helping students manage emotions: REBT as a mental health educational curriculum

In preparing children to deal with life in an increasingly complex society, it is important that schools devote attention to well-organised and theoretically sound programmes employing a preventive approach to mental health. Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), as indicated in its name, incorporates changes to thought processes and behaviours. It is a cognitive–emotive–behavioural system of therapy, and is based on the assumption that emotional problems result from illogical and irrational patterns of thinking about an event rather than from the event itself. REBT is a mental health and an educational intervention. It attempts to teach students how to help themselves by providing a structured method of processing extreme emotions. The purpose of this article is to provide practitioners with a knowledge base and practical applications of REBT that have been successfully implemented in various educational contexts.     

贫困大学生认知倾向、社会支持与心理健康的相关研究

以176名贫困生为研究对象,采用认知倾向问卷、社会支持问卷和症状自评量表进行测试,探讨贫困生认知倾向、社会支持和心理健康三者之问的关系,结论是：多元逐步回归分析显示主观支持和乐观因子对心理健康有一定的预测作用,贫困生认知倾向和社会支持对心理健康有显著的影响．     

Towards an Understanding of the Links between Conceptual Understanding of Computer Systems and Information Technology Competence

ABSTRACT

This paper claims that there is a need for an explicit model of how preservice students develop information technology competence in order to inform course design. It is tentatively suggested that there are links between students’ mental models of computer systems and their IT competence. A pilot feasibility study is described which uses a novel research instrument that attempts to quantify students’ mental models of computer systems on two scales: level of technical sophistication and level of abstraction. Students’ scores on these scales are correlated with their self‐ratings of their information technology competence on sixteen statements from an Association for Information Technology in Teacher Education questionnaire. The findings suggest that there is no relationship between students’ information technology competence and the level of technical sophistication of their mental model of computer systems but that there is a link between information technology competence and the level of abstraction of their mental models. Areas where further work is required are identified and implications for the design of information technology courses for preservice students are discussed.     

社会认知神经科学关于自我与他人共享表征观研究进展

社会认知神经科学关于自我与他人的共享袁征观建立在认知心理学、社会心理学、发展心理学以及认知神经科学的基础上。目前的研究阐述了人们如何对自我和他人进行区分和辨别,如何协调和对比自我及他人的袁征,同时解释区分自我和他人社会性表征的脑神经机制。     

国际法双语教学中学生语言心理障碍及其应对策略

国际法双语教学中学生语言心理障碍主要表现在心理阴影、认知偏差、心理惯性和能力障碍等方面.教师应该拿捏好中英文的交互使用火候,引导学生走出英语学习的心理阴影;提高学生对双语教学的认识,矫正其认知偏差;培养学生正确的学习方法和思维模式,消除其心理惯性的负面影响;强化学生专业英语能力训练,提高其语言运用能力.     

心理健康的定义和特点

心理健康的研究 ,不应该仅以非正常人的心理状态为研究对象 ;只单纯地从医学角度 ,以满足于消极保持心理的正常状态 ;只局限于治疗和预防心理疾病的发生。这是远远不够的。心理健康依赖于社会性质 ,有什么样的社会就有什么样的心理健康的定义 ,并因时间和空间的不同而不同。心理学家是从积极的、由意识控制的、有方向、有强度、对他人负责和认知性质等维度来阐述心理健康问题的     

A critical consideration of ‘mental health and wellbeing’ in education: Thinking about school aims in terms of wellbeing

This paper examines ideas about mental health, wellbeing and school education to illustrate important issues in the relationship between mental health and education. The Covid crisis has amplified the pre-existing mental health problems of children and young people in England and recognition of the opportunities in schools to address these. The paper gives an overview of child and adolescent mental health services and how they position the role of schools. It examines prominent concepts of mental health and their relationship to wellbeing, setting this in a discussion of ‘mentally healthy’ schools, mental health in special educational needs and whole-school approaches. This analysis shows how the relationship between mental health and wellbeing has not been adequately worked out, using this as the basis for arguing for the dual-factor mental health model which separates mental illness/disorder from wellbeing as two related dimensions. The paper then translates the dual-factor model into a two-dimensional framework that represents the distinctive but related aims of school education (wellbeing promotion) and mental health services (preventing, coping, helping mental health difficulties). This framework involves a complex conception of wellbeing, with schools playing an important role in promoting wellbeing (beyond emotional wellbeing), tiered models and establishing school-wide social emotional learning. It is about a whole-school curriculum approach that involves considering what is to be learned and how it is taught. It contributes to a more nuanced concept of wellbeing that has a place for meaningful learning and challenge.     

基于核心素养的班级管理模式研究

小学阶段在学生的一生中占据着重要的地位,这一时期,如何在班级管理中培养、提高学生的核心素养和综合能力,是现代班主任必须思考和探索的问题。文章阐述在班级管理中要重视学生核心素养的培养,指出班主任要更新班级管理理念,轮换班级干部,将心理健康教育融入班级管理中,积极与学生家长合作。