The American "alliance" of health and physical education: scholastic programs and professional organizations, 1920-1950

From the 1920s through the early 1940s, school-based programs in both health and physical education-mandated by government legislation and hailed by the public--increased in scope and complexity. By 1937, the assumption of the interconnectedness of the two fields was institutionalized in the merger of the American Physical Education Association with the Department of School Health and Physical Education of the National Education Association to form the American Association for Health and Physical Education. This paper focuses on the role of health education, physical education, and public health professionals in the emergence and critique of scholastic health and physical education programs in the first half of the 20th century.     

Physical education's role in public health

The public health community is becoming increasingly interested in the potential contributions of school physical education to child health. School physical education is seen as an ideal site for the promotion of regular physical activity because up to 97% of elementary school children participate in some sort of physical education program. For maximal public health benefit, school physical education programs should prepare children for a lifetime of physical activity. This public health goal for physical education may require some changes in current approaches. Physical educators are challenged to collaborate with public health professionals in developing and evaluating school physical education programs that will improve the health of the nation's youth.     

循证实践:特殊体育实践发展的新范式

循证实践是在健康和教育学科所兴起的一场"运动",通常指以最佳研究证据为导向的专业实践,它已成为特殊体育实践领域一种全新的"范式"或"文化"。采用文献法,分析了特殊体育循证实践的五个基本理念,它们分别是个别化、批判性思维、自我决定、计划的有效性和多因素的复杂性。在此基础上归纳了特殊体育循证实践的五个实施步骤,即提出问题、查寻证据、评价证据、整合干预和评估效果。为切实推进特殊体育循证实践的实施,从体育教师应选择高效的干预方法和特殊体育研究应依循循证实践等方面提出了相关的推进策略,以期为特殊体育循证实践的后续研究提供参考和借鉴。     

健康教育与学校体育教育模式改革的研究

学校体育立“素质教育”、树“健康第一”的指导思想是新时期学校体育发展的必然走向。但学校体育其健康教育还停留于形式上,还没有完全从原有的模式跳出来。学校体育改革就是要我们去做一种与以往不同、但能达到以增进健康为主要目的的体育活动。从大众体育健康的角度,忽视或不要去刻意追求过去哪种生理“波峰”的传统模式。     

对"健康第一"思想为指导的公共体育课程体系的研究

以“健康第一”思想为指导的公共体育课程体系的建设势在必行,对构建“健康第一”思想指导下的公共体育课程体系所涉及的课程目标、课程设置、课程内容、课程结构、课程资源、课程评价等进行了研究。     

The role of physical education in the development of active lifestyles

If elementary physical education existed just to achieve "present" goals, especially regular exercise, the nature of the program would be clearer and the need for trained teachers less. It is the "future" goal that complicates the debate over the elementary program. It is the "future" goal that requires a broader range of experiences and a developmental approach. Because we are preparing students to implement an active lifestyle in adulthood, the development of sport and dance skills through age/ability-appropriate and sequential lessons is an important as the "present" opportunity for physical activity. Teachers must be knowledgeable in the subdisciplines of physical education and well versed in those teaching methods that promote vigorous activity and maximum participation. The lifetime public health goal dictates we help students develop a knowledge base about exercise and health. This goal requires us to learn more than we presently know about promoting positive attitudes toward and fostering appreciations for healthful living. The hope for improved adult health also requires a K-12 curricular model in which every year continues previous experiences and moves students closer to the goal as those students are changing physically, mentally, and socially. The next debate should focus on the role of secondary school physical education in linking health-related elementary programs to healthy adult lifestyles. Even though we do not fully understand the relationship between school physical education and active adult lifestyles, our best bet is developing a continuous, developmental K-12 curriculum.     

Mechanics of Batting: Effect of Stride Technique on Ground Reaction Forces and Bat Velocities

The benefits associated with being physically active are well documented, but a significant proportion of the population is insufficiently active. Physical inactivity is a major health risk factor in our society, and physical education programs are consistently identified as a means to address this concern. The purpose of this article is to use the social-ecological model as a framework to examine ways in which physical education programs can play an important role in promoting physical activity. Policies that require time allocations and resources for physical education and physical activity in schools and community designs that provide infrastructure that makes being physically active accessible and convenient are important factors in making schools and communities healthier spaces. It is clear, however, that policies alone are not sufficient to address concerns about physical inactivity. We must consider individual factors that influence decisions to be physically active in efforts to engage children in physical education programs that promote active lifestyles. The learning climate that teachers create determines what students do and learn in physical education classes. Ensuring that students see value in the content presented and structuring classes so that students believe they can experience success when they exert effort are key elements in an effective motivational climate. Efforts to address public health concerns about physical inactivity require a comprehensive approach including quality physical education. It is critical that kinesiology professionals emerge as leaders in these efforts to place physical education programs at the center of promoting children's physical activity.     

浅析体育教师体态语言美在教学中的作用

依据体态语言学原理 ,探析了体态语言美的内涵、价值和体育教师体态语言的美学修养、审美教育 ,以及由此对促进学生身心健康和谐发展的重要意义。     

公共体育速滑课使用塑鞋冰刀的可行性研究

在普通高校公共体育速滑课上使用塑鞋冰刀进行速度滑冰教学实验,与使用传统冰刀教学进行比较分析,从提高教学质量、培养学生对滑冰的兴趣等方面都取得了较好的效果。采用塑鞋冰刀是真正落实高校体育课程改革,树立"健康第一"、"培养兴趣"教学理念的体现,值得在普通高校公共体育速滑课上推广。     

体育与健康新课程实验研究

采用对比实验的方法，对按照《体育与健康教学大纲》和《体育与健康课程标准》教学的实际效果，从学生的身体形态、身体机能和运动能力的变化方面进行了比较研究。     

高校体育促进大学生心理健康教育路径探索

调查了目前高校心理健康教育的现状,提出高校体育工作促进大学生心理健康教育可供利用及挖掘的路径,分别是体育普修课、课余体育锻炼这两条路径和两种形式的“体育干预促心理健康提升课”这一重要路径,此外,本文还提示了在心理健康教育中采用这些路径的注意事项。     

健康第一、终身体育、素质教育与体育教学

分析了健康第一、终身体育、素质教育的产生、发展及其对体育教学的影响。健康第一、终身体育与现代教育学理论是位于同一层次上的关系,素质教育与健康第一、终身体育、现代教育学理论是属于包容与被包容的关系。研究指出,健康第一、终身教育是体育教学实施素质教育的根本指导思想。     

通识课程中开设体育健康与体育文化欣赏的研究

通识课程通过以人文性的教育理念,开设体育健康教育与体育文化欣赏教育内容,从公共体育或通识教育的维度,积极开发培育大学生的终身体育意识和体育健康理念的意义。根据实践经验与相关研究认为,开展体育艺术、体育美学与体育人文教育教学,是推动体育健康与体育文化欣赏教育的一条有着高效率的路径,为培养身心健康全面发展的大学生做出了切实性的努力。     

"三班三自主"教学管理模式的实践研究

以“学校教育要树立健康第一的指导思想”为导向,运用文献资料、问卷调查、数理统计和教学实验等方法,对我校公共体育课教学进行了一系列的改革和实践研究,从学生的兴趣、爱好和运动水平等实际情况出发,构建了一个“三班三自主”的教学管理模式,旨在为高校体育的课程设置、教学管理、教学模式、教学方法及课程评价体系等方面的改革提供参考。     

健康与运动技术传习

健康是人类永久的追求 ,在现阶段 ,人们对自身健康状况和生活质量的关心日益加强 ,国家对国民的健康状况也给予了极大的关注。学校教育中“健康第一”之指导思想的提出 ,得到了人们的共识。对运动技术传习的正确认识 ,无疑有助于学校体育对健康之指导思想的贯彻 ,为提高学生的健康水平发挥重要作用。     

Implementing an evidence-based Tai Ji Quan program in a multicultural setting: A pilot dissemination project

Falls in older adults are a significant public health issue and a particularly significant health risk in Minnesota. With accumulating research evidence suggesting that falls can be prevented through exercise, there is an increased public health effort among organizations serving older adults to translate and disseminate evidence-based programs into the community. Such efforts, however, face additional challenges if they are implemented in communities with older adults from different cultural backgrounds and languages. This paper briefly describes a pilot community-based dissemination project, including the initiation, implementation, process, and outcomes, of an evidence-based fall prevention (Tai Ji Quan: Moving for Better Balance formerly known as Tai Chi: Moving for Better Balance) through a local Area Agency on Aging in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area in Minnesota (USA). Overall, the program was successfully implemented resulting in adoption by local community organizations serving Asian and, to a lesser degree, East African non-English speaking older adults. Bilingual community instructors were trained to lead the classes resulting in broad participation and improved physical performance by the older adults targeted for the intervention. The results from this pilot study indicate that Tai Ji Quan: Moving for Better Balance can be implemented with positive results in non-English speaking community settings using bilingual leaders.     

"体育与健康课程"与学生的体育经历

通过对"体育与健康课程"理念的剖析,认为"体育与健康课程"迎合了当代社会对人们体育经历的需求,并为学生拥有成功的体育经历开辟了新的途径."体育与健康课程"尤其注重学生竞争性、自主性、公平性、协作性等体育经历的培养.     

从全民健身需要思考高校体育课程改革

对高校体育现状进行分析,提出了高校体育课程与全民健身的适应对策与思考。结论：学校体育改革必须与全民健身相结合。     

基于身体功能训练促进大学生体质健康的公体教学改革研究

公体教学的改革是高等教育改革中非常重要的一环,它既是体育教学手段的更新,也是对教学观念的重要转变,身体功能训练在体育课程中的占比足以显现出高校对党教育方针的严格贯彻与落实。该文以基于身体功能训练对大学生体质健康的促进为主题,从公体教学中存在的问题入手,对现有大学公体体育课现状进行探讨,并提出相应对策,为提升公体课质量提供借鉴。     

20世纪中国体育文化的价值选择

分析了20世纪中国体育文化价值的选择,认为毛泽东“发展体育运动,增强人民体质”的思想是新中国体育文化价值正确选择。它对新世纪中国体育的改革发展仍具有重要的指导意义。