Ratios of h-cores,h-tails and uncited sources in sets of scientific papers and technical patents

Five ratios R_H, R_T, S_H, S_T and S_Z derived from the three-part division of a set of sources in h-core, h-tail and uncited sources are defined. Dynamic changes in the three independent ratios R_H, S_H and S_Z are studied for six selected topics. Data about these topics are obtained from the Web of Science for scientific papers and Derwent Innovations Index for technical patents. It is observed that all R_H- and S_H-values decrease when the time span widens, while S_Z stays the same or increases; and that all R_H- and S_H-values for papers are larger than the corresponding values for patents. The shifted Lotka distribution is used in a theoretical interpretation of these empirical phenomena.     

A compressed self-index using a Ziv–Lempel dictionary

A compressed full-text self-index for a text T, of size u, is a data structure used to search for patterns P, of size m, in T, that requires reduced space, i.e. space that depends on the empirical entropy (H _k or H ₀) of T, and is, furthermore, able to reproduce any substring of T. In this paper we present a new compressed self-index able to locate the occurrences of P in O((m + occ)log u) time, where occ is the number of occurrences. The fundamental improvement over previous LZ78 based indexes is the reduction of the search time dependency on m from O(m ²) to O(m). To achieve this result we point out the main obstacle to linear time algorithms based on LZ78 data compression and expose and explore the nature of a recurrent structure in LZ-indexes, the suffix tree. We show that our method is very competitive in practice by comparing it against other state of the art compressed indexes.

Structural Pluralism in Journalism and Media Studies: A Concept Explication and Theory Construction

This article critically reviews scholarship on structural pluralism (Tichenor, Donohue, & Olien, 1973 Tichenor , P. J. , Donohue , G. A. , & Olien , C. N. ( 1973 ). Mass communication research: The evolution of a structural model . Journalism Quarterly , 50 , 419 – 425 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], 1980 Tichenor , P. J. , Donohue , G. A. , & Olien , C. N. ( 1980 ). Community conflict & the press . Beverly Hills , CA : Sage . [Google Scholar]) in journalism and media studies. Relying partly on a concept explication and theory construction process (McLeod & Pan, 2004 McLeod , J. M. , & Pan , Z. ( 2004 ). Concept explication and theory construction . In S. Dunwoody , L. B. Becker , D. M. McCleod , & G. M. Kosicki (Eds.), The evolution of key mass communication concepts honoring Jack M. McLeod (pp. 13 – 76 ). Cresskill , NJ : Hampton . [Google Scholar]), the article explicates structural pluralism as a multifaceted concept with multiple dimensions and indicators. While reviewing relationships or hypotheses between structural pluralism and various outcomes, the article then discusses and proposes issues and agendas for future studies.     

COMPORTEMENT DES RELIURES EN CUIR SOUMISES À DIFFÉRENTS TRAITEMENTS DE DÉSINFECTION

Abstract

Des peaux de veau, chèvre et mouton tannées végétalement ont été soumises à trois traitements de désinfection (l’oxyde d’éthylène, le formaldéhyde et le lindane) dont l’innocuité vis-à-vis des papiers a été préalablement démontrée. L’expérience a été menée parallèlement sur des peaux vierges et sur des peaux vieillies artificiellement.

Différentes tests de résistance mécanique et chimique ont été mis au point pour contrôler le comportement des cuirs: résistance à la déchirure, à la traction, à l’éclatement pour les examens mécaniques; taux d’humidité, de matières grasses et d’azote soluble, mesure du pH pour les examens chimiques. Les essais ont été effectués sur des éprouvettes de cuir découpées suivant la technique ‘des carrés latins’ en utilisant toute la surface de la peau, à l’exclusion de la tête et des pattes. Les résultats des essais mécaniques ont présenté une telle dispersion qu’il a été nécessaire de faire appel à l’analyse statistique pour les interpréter.

Afin de suivre le comportement dans le temps des cuirs traités, nous avons sélectionné deux méthodes de vieillissement accéléré: la chaleur sèche à 100° C et l’oxydation par le peroxyde d’hydrogène en milieu sulfurique. Dans l’ensemble, il apparaît que les trois traitements de désinfection n’ont aucune action néfaste sur les peaux de veau. Par contre, les traitements par le formaldéhyde et le lindane semblent avoir diminuer la résistance physique des peaux de chèvre et de mouton.     

Playing With Dialectics: Black Female Friendship Groups as a Homeplace

Female friendships are significant to many Black females because they represent a homeplace, or a safe space. This study uses Baxter and Montgomery's (1996 Baxter , L. A. , & Montgomery , B. M. ( 1996 ). Relating: Dialogues and dialectics . New York , NY : The Guilford Press . [Google Scholar], 1998 Baxter , L. A. , & Montgomery , B. M. ( 1998 ). A guide to dialectical approaches to studying interpersonal relationships . In B. M. Montgomery & L. A. Baxter (Eds.), Dialectical approaches to studying interpersonal relationships (pp. 1 – 16 ). Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum . [Google Scholar]) relational dialectics theory and Collins’ (2000 Collins , P. H. ( 2000 ). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment ( ed.) , 2nd . New York , NY : Routledge . [Google Scholar]) Black feminist thought to understand the interplay of contradictions in the stories that Black females tell in their friendship groups. The contradictions embedded in the stories were finances (spending/saving), language (“good”/“bad” English), appearance (satisfaction/dissatisfaction), and race (acceptance/rejection of otherness). The interaction of these tensions showed that the friends engaged in group segregation and integration, which ultimately enabled them to freely express their culturally based truths without fear of marginalization.     

Development and Validation of the Student Interest and Engagement Scales

A series of studies report the development of empirically derived instruments that measure student interest and engagement. The first study inductively develops an initial item pool through open-ended questionnaire data. A second study subjects the measures to exploratory factor analysis to ascertain an underlying factor structure. The third study deductively tests the measures through confirmatory factor analysis and examines associations among teacher communication behaviors, student emotional and cognitive interest, and engagement. A fourth study offers discriminant validity evidence, suggesting that the new measures are distinct from scales that assess similar yet divergent constructs. Guided by prior theory (Mottet, Frymier, & Beebe, 2006 Mottet, T. P., Frymier, A. B. and Beebe, S. A. 2006. “Theorizing about instructional communication”. In Handbook of instructional communication, Edited by: Mottet, T. P., Richmond, V. P. and McCroskey, J. C. 255–282. Boston, MA: Pearson.  [Google Scholar]) and research (Harp & Mayer, 1997 Harp, S. F. and Mayer, R. E. 1997. The role of interest in learning from scientific text and illustration: On the distinction between emotional interest and cognitive interest. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89: 92–102. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), the instruments developed here possess heuristic potential for instructional communication research. Implications and areas for future research are discussed.     

Review of Conservation of Old Art Objects in Japan

Abstract

By using X-ray powder diffraction to identify the crystalline constituents of ceramics, especially porcelains, a considerable amount of information can be obtained from a very small sample. The characteristic mineral in hard-paste porcelains, stonewares and highfired earthenwares is shown to be mullite, an aluminium silicate, 3Al₂O₃. 2SiO₂, (A.S:T.M. 15–776); where there is a high calcium content aluminium silicates may occur e.g. anorthite, CaO. Al₂O₃. 2SiO₂, (A.S.T.M.10–379) and gehlenite 2CaO. Al₂O₃. SiO₂, (A.S.T.M.9–216). Among the soft-paste porcelains, whitlockite, β calcium orthophosphate, Ca₃(PO₄)₂, (A.S.T.M. 9–169), is typical of those containing bone-ash, and enstatite, magnesium meta silicate, MgO. SiO₂ (A.S.T.M.7–216) is typical of those containing soapstone. The glassy-frit porcelains generally contain a calcium silicate, wollastonite or pseudowol1astonite, CaO. SiO₂, (A.S.T.M.10–487 and 10–486). In addition, silica–either as α quartz or cristobalite–may occur in varying proportions in all these bodies.     

The citation speed index: A useful bibliometric indicator to add to the h index

The scientific impact of a publication can be determined not only based on the number of times it is cited but also based on the citation speed with which its content is noted by the scientific community. Here we present the citation speed index as a meaningful complement to the h index: whereas for the calculation of the h index the impact of publications is based on number of citations, for the calculation of the speed index it is the number of months that have elapsed since the first citation, the citation speed with which the results of publications find reception in the scientific community. The speed index is defined as follows: a group of papers has the index s if for s of its N_p papers the first citation was at least s months ago, and for the other (N_p ? s) papers the first citation was ≤s months ago.     

A world-class archival achievement: the People’s Republic of China archivists’ success in opening the Ming-Qing central-government archives, 1949–1998

This article describes the first half century of the Communist government’s supervision and management of the central-government archives of the last two dynasties. Immediately with the Communist ascent to power in 1949, the new government took great interest in assembling and protecting the country’s archival documents, readying the Ming-Qing archives for access to scholars, and preparing for publication of selected materials. By the 1980s Beijing’s Number One Historical Archives, in charge of the largest holding of Ming-Qing documents, had become the first Chinese authority to complete a full sorting and preliminary catalogues for such a collection. Moreover, to facilitate searches, an attempt has recently begun to create a subject-heading system for these and other holdings in the country. In the first half century’s final decades, foreign researchers were admitted for the first time and tours and international exchanges began to take place.

The h index research output measurement: Two approaches to enhance its accuracy

The h index is a widely used indicator to quantify an individual's scientific research output. But it has been criticized for its insufficient accuracy—the ability to discriminate reliably between meaningful amounts of research output. As a single measure it cannot capture the complete information on the citation distribution over a scientist's publication list. An extensive data set with bibliometric data on scientists working in the field of molecular biology is taken as an example to introduce two approaches providing additional information to the h index: (1) h² lower, h² center, and h² upper are proposed, which allow quantification of three areas within a scientist's citation distribution: the low impact area (h² lower), the area captured by the h index (h² center), and the area of publications with the highest visibility (h² upper). (2) Given the existence of different areas in the citation distribution, the segmented regression model (sRM) is proposed as a method to statistically estimate the number of papers in a scientist's publication list with the highest visibility. However, such sRM values should be compared across individuals with great care.     

The Theory of Planned Behavior and College Students' Willingness to Talk about Smoking-Related Behaviors

More than 60% of college students admit to trying smoking (Rigotti, Lee, & Wechsler, 2000 Rigotti , N. , Lee , J. E. , & Wechsler , H. ( 2000 ). U.S. college students' use of tobacco products: Results of a national survey . Journal of the American Medical Association , 284 , 699 – 706 .[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). To reduce this number, researchers have attempted to determine factors influencing smoking behaviors. However, studies about communicative acts related to smoking intentions and behaviors, which may be factors, are lacking. Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior, this study hypothesized that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control regarding communicating about smoking would be positively associated with behavioral intentions to engage in such communication. It was found that students' attitudes toward communicating about smoking were positively associated with behavioral intention, but perceived behavioral control and subjective norms concerning smoking-related communication behaviors were not associated with behavioral intention.     

Film Theory and Criticism

William T. Pilkington and Don Graham, eds., Western Movies (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1979–$13.95/$6.95)

William R. Meyer, The Making of the Great Westerns (New Rochelle, New York: Arlington House, 1979 – $20.00)

Michael Pitts, Famous Movie Detectives (Metuchen, New Jerseys Scarecrow Press, 1979 – $11.95)

Gerald Mast's The Comic Mind (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1979– $7.95 paper)     

Feeling Valued Matters: An Examination of Instructor Confirmation and Instructional Dissent

This study explored the relationship between effective instructor behavior—instructor confirmation—and a potentially negative student behavior—instructional dissent. Previous studies demonstrate that student characteristics provide a limited explanation for how students express dissent (e.g., Goodboy & Myers, 2012 Goodboy, A. K. & Myers, S. A. (2012). Brief report: Instructional dissent as an expression of students’ verbal aggressiveness and argumentativeness traits. Communication Education, 61, 448–458. doi:10.1080/03634523.2012.699635[Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]). Thus, scholars have begun to investigate the influence of instructor behaviors along with student characteristics to understand why students express dissent (LaBelle, Martin, & Weber, 2013 LaBelle, S., Martin, M. M. & Weber, K. (2013). Instructional dissent in the college classroom: Using the instructional beliefs model as a framework. Communication Education, 62, 169–190. doi:10.1080/03634523.2012.759243[Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]). This study revealed that instructor confirmation negatively related to expressive and vengeful dissent, but not rhetorical dissent. Further, the three dimensions of instructor confirmation functioned differently in accounting for variance in expressive and vengeful dissent. Future research should build towards a model of instructional dissent model that reflects the unique characteristics of the instructional context and modifiable instructor behaviors.     

Trade and Sell

Maclaurin's Invention and Inovation in the Radio Industry (1949)

Chase's Sound and Fury (1942)

Codel's, Radio and Its Future (1930)

Cantril and Allports', Psychology of Radio (1935)

Goldsmith and Lescaboura's, This Thing Called Broadcasting (1930)

Hettinger's, Decade of Radio Advertising (1933)

Schubert's The Electric Word (1928)

NBC's The Forth Chime (1944)

Wylie's Clear Channels (1955)

CBS's booklet “Radio's Daytime Serial” (1948)

NHK Studies of Broadcasting for 1963, 1964, and 1966

Dupuy's Television Show Business (1945)     

A Multivariate Test of the Influence Model

Abstract

This study explores the validity of Meyer's (2004) Meyer, P. 2004. The vanishing newspaper, Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press.  [Google Scholar] influence model in the cable news network environment. The influence model proposes that news media organizations' profitability is linked to their societal influence, which depends on audiences' perceptions of their credibility and news quality. The results show a good fit between a structural equation model of the influence model and data from a survey probing respondents' opinions of CNN and Fox News Channel. The study also examines audience members' attitudes toward the two cable news networks and found that their opinions of CNN are significantly more positive.