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1.
研究目的:这篇综述系统地阐述了前列腺癌的发生、发展、相关分子信号通路以及分子标志物用于前列腺癌的临床诊断和前列腺癌诊治所面临的挑战。重要结论:许多分子信号通路通过影响细胞生长、凋亡、血管生成等病理生理过程而参与了前列腺癌的起始、发生和发展。这些研究基础有助于寻找前列腺癌的肿瘤标志物和改进前列腺癌的治疗。虽然去势治疗是早期前列腺癌治疗的金标准,但是晚期的激素抵抗型前列腺癌(CRPC)的治疗仍面临着巨大的挑战。所幸的是,目前研究发现可以通过切断特异的蛋白-蛋白相互作用或者通过调节某些影响肿瘤生长和转移的关键分子来治疗前列腺癌,能减少传统治疗所带来的副作用;相关临床研究已开始实施。这些研究进展给前列腺癌的诊治带来了新的曙光。  相似文献   

2.
前列腺癌(PCA)是全球第二个最常见的男性癌症,同时也是男性癌症死亡的第五大原因。早期发现和危险度分级是提高前列腺癌患者生存率最有效的方法。目前前列腺癌的生物标志物缺乏足够的敏感性和特异性,而代谢产物作为生物标志物可以作为一种新的提高早期诊断的工具。我们检索了154篇出版物,其中27篇和38篇是分别关于尿液和血清代谢组学分析的原研论文,提示了核磁共振波谱分析是一种很有前景的检测方法,可用于测量复杂的样本中代谢物的浓度,具有良好的重现性、高灵敏度和样本处理的便捷性。特别是基于核磁共振的代谢组学检测尿液已成为检测前列腺癌的早期潜在的危险度分级和监测治疗效果的有效的方法。  相似文献   

3.
前列腺癌(PCa)是男性生殖系肿瘤中非常重要的一种,在欧美常见恶性肿瘤中发病率居第二位,而在美国前列腺癌发病率在所有恶性肿瘤中居第一位,死亡率居第二位,仅次于肺癌。据估计,2005年美国将有232090例新发病例,30350例死于前列腺癌。迄今为止,我国前列腺癌发病率仍远低于欧美发达国家,但随着社会老龄化、人们生活方式的改变以及诊断新技术的应用,我国PCa发病率的增长极为迅速。前列腺癌的发病原因迄今仍不清楚,流行病学研究调查表明,前列腺癌的发生主要与激素、年龄、种族、家族遗传背景、地理位置和饮食等因素有关。前列腺癌从发生到临床表现需要长达十几甚至几十年的时间,而本文就其癌变的形成和发展的几个热点分子机理研究做一介绍。  相似文献   

4.
大肠癌相关生物标志物的病理学进展   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
大肠癌是人体中最常见恶性肿瘤之一。它包括结肠癌和直肠癌两部分,大肠癌的死亡率在全球恶性肿瘤死亡率中位于第4位。随着近年来分子生物学的不断发展,使我们对大肠癌的诊断与治疗有了更加广泛而深入的研究。一些新的生物标志物已然出现,不仅对大肠癌的病理诊断提供了很大帮助,并为其预后判断、治疗方案的选择提供了更全面的依据,在一定程度上发挥了独特的作用。本文深入介绍了大肠癌的部分相关生物标志物的病理学进展,并探讨其在大肠癌诊治过程中的作用及运用前景。  相似文献   

5.
D-二聚体(D-Dimer)是纤溶酶作用于交联蛋白的特异性分子标志物,血浆D-Dimer的含量增高与否可以反映凝血和纤溶系统的激活状况,也可以用来区分原发性和继发性纤溶亢进.D-Dimer的定量测定对于血栓性疾病、恶性的肿瘤性疾病、肝脏类的疾病、肾脏类的疾病等的早期发现、初步鉴别、治疗过程监测和预后的判断有着极其重要的临床价值,特别是在深静脉血栓(DVT)形成和肺栓塞(PE)形成的区别上起到了不可忽视的作用.  相似文献   

6.
目的:鉴定去势抵抗性前列腺癌(CRPC)的关键基因。创新点:(1)结合多个数据库数据,运用生物信息学方法鉴定CRPC的关键基因;(2)首次报道PTPRR可能在CRPC里起关键作用。方法:通过下载三个GEO数据库的m RNA微阵列数据,分析CRPC和激素敏感前列腺癌之间的基因差异,对筛选出的差异基因进行功能富集分析和蛋白质间相互作用分析,最终筛选出两个有重要功能的差异基因(PTPRR和JAG1)。通过在多个其他数据库中进行表达量验证和生存分析,进一步证明这些基因的重要作用。结论:PTPRR和JAG1在CRPC中显著增高,并与预后差相关。因此,这两个基因有可能作为CRPC的诊断和预后的生物标志物。  相似文献   

7.
目的:寻找一种或多种能预测人类表皮生长因子受体2(Her-2)阳性乳腺癌患者是否发生淋巴结转移及其预后的分子标志物。创新点:本研究发现,miR-455与Her-2阳性乳腺癌转移相关,可能是一个预测Her-2阳性乳腺癌患者淋巴结转移和预后的分子标志物。miR-455可以通过与长链非编码RNA人肺腺癌转移相关转录本1(MALAT1)的相互作用,在乳腺癌的淋巴结转移过程中发挥重要功能。方法:通过下载肿瘤基因组图谱(TCGA)数据库中与乳腺癌相关的微小RNA(miRNA)测序数据,筛选与乳腺癌淋巴结转移相关的miRNA,进一步分析这些miRNA与乳腺癌患者预后的相关性。同时,用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)方法检测这些miRNA在不同程度淋巴结转移的Her-2阳性乳腺癌患者组织中的表达水平,及其与预后的相关性。通过细胞学实验研究过表达miR-455对Her-2阳性乳腺癌细胞系MDAMB-453增殖和侵袭能力的影响,并用qRT-PCR检测过表达miR-455对MALAT1表达的影响。结论:miR-455可能是Her-2阳性乳腺癌患者淋巴结转移和预后的潜在预测因子。  相似文献   

8.
临床分子诊断学是分子生物学技术在临床检验诊断应用中发展起来的,以疾病为中心,以生物分子标志物为靶标的新一代临床检验诊断技术。其理论深奥、内容抽象,学生们普遍反映学习难度大但又很重要的一门学科。批判性思维提倡识别、理解、分析、综合、比较、判断问题等方面的能力,因此在临床分子诊断学教学和学习中引入批判性思维可有效的提高学生的求知欲和学习能力,本文对此进行了分析研究。  相似文献   

9.
近年来研究发现缺血性脑血管病与微出血的关系越来越密切,本文把缺血性脑血管病与微出血关系的研究综述。缺血性脑血管病患者通过GRE-T2*进行微出血检测,明确微出血与缺血性脑血管病关系有利于阐明微出血的发生机制,并且探讨缺血性卒中抗血小板、抗凝和溶栓治疗发生出血性转化的可能性,对脑卒中患者的防治方法的选择和预后判断有重要意义。从而对缺血性脑血管病的临床防治及预后判断方面提供潜在的价值。  相似文献   

10.
《生物学教学》2012,(12):77
据生物通网2012年7月5日援引《科技日报》伦敦7月3日电,英国伦敦帝国理工学院研究人员发现一个名为miR-27a的分子,其在促使前列腺癌症肿瘤生长过程中具有重要作用,未来可能成为前列腺癌症治疗的一个新的靶点。研究成果发表在《人类分子遗传学》杂志上。英国研究人员发现,雄性激素会增加前列腺癌细胞中一种名为miR-27a的分子的数量,而这种分子对癌细胞生长具有极大的刺激作用,抑制这种分子,会使前列腺癌细胞的  相似文献   

11.
目前,油菜中与细胞质雄性不育相关基因的研究,主要表现在对细胞质雄性不育基因.核质互作雄性不育基因和育性恢复基因等的遗传性状观察、分子标记、基因定位、基因表达和生产应用等方面,本文从这些方面进行综述,并提出了展望。  相似文献   

12.
Objective: To investigate molecular alterations associating with prostate carcinoma progression and potentially provide information toward more accurate prognosis/diagnosis. Methods: A set of laser captured microdissected (LCM) specimens from 300 prostate cancer (PCa) patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) were defined. Ten patients representing "aggressive" PCa, and 10 representing "non-aggressive" PCa were selected based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence,Gleason score, pathological stage and tumor cell differentiation, with matched patient age and race between the two groups.Normal and neoplastic prostate epithelial cells were collected with LCM from frozen tissue slides obtained from the RP specimens.The expressions of a panel of genes, including NPY, PTEN, AR,AMACR, DD3, and GSTP1, were measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (TaqMan), and correlation was analyzed with clinicopathological features. Results: The expressions of AMACR and DD3 were consistently up-regulated in cancer cells compared to benign prostate epithelial cells in all PCa patients, whereas GSTP1 expression was down regulated in each patient. NPY, PTEN and AR exhibited a striking difference in their expression patterns between aggressive and non-aggressive PCas (P=0.0203, 0.0284, and 0.0378, respectively, Wilcoxon rank sum test). The lower expression of NPY showed association with "aggressive" PCas based on a larger PCa patient cohort analysis (P=0.0037,univariate generalized linear model (GLM) analysis). Conclusion: Despite widely noted heterogeneous nature of PCa, gene expression alterations of AMACR, DD3, and GSTP1 in LCM-derived PCa epithelial cells suggest for common underlying mechanisms in the initiation of PCa. Lower NPY expression level is significantly associated with more aggressive clinical behavior of PCa; PTEN and AR may have potential in defining PCa with aggressive clinical behavior. Studies along these lines have potential to define PCa-associated gene expression alterations and likely co-regulation of genes/pathways critical in the biology of PCa onset/progression.  相似文献   

13.
Objective: To investigate molecular alterations associating with prostate carcinoma progression and potentially provide information toward more accurate prognosis/diagnosis. Methods: A set of laser captured microdissected (LCM) specimens from 300 prostate cancer (PCa) patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) were defined. Ten patients representing "aggressive" PCa, and 10 representing "non-aggressive" PCa were selected based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence, Gleason score, pathological stage and tumor cell differentiation, with matched patient age and race between the two groups. Normal and neoplastic prostate epithelial cells were collected with LCM from frozen tissue slides obtained from the RP specimens. The expressions of a panel of genes, including NPY, PTEN, AR, AMACR, DD3, and GSTP1, were measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (TaqMan), and correlation was analyzed with clinicopathological features. Results: The expressions of AMACR and DD3 were consistently up-regulated in cancer cells compared to benign prostate epithelial cells in all PCa patients, whereas GSTP1 expression was down regulated in each patient. NPY, PTEN and AR exhibited a striking difference in their expression patterns between aggressive and non-aggressive PCas (P=0.0203, 0.0284, and 0.0378, respectively, Wilcoxon rank sum test). The lower expression of NPY showed association with "aggressive" PCas based on a larger PCa patient cohort analysis (P=0.0037, univariate generalized linear model (GLM) analysis). Conclusion: Despite widely noted heterogeneous nature of PCa, gene expression alterations ofAM,4CR, DD3, and GSTP1 in LCM-derived PCa epithelial cells suggest for common underlying mechanisms in the initiation of PCa. Lower NPY expression level is significantly associated with more aggressive clinical behavior of PCa; PTEN and AR may have potential in defining PCa with aggressive clinical behavior. Studies along these lines have potential to define PCa-associated gene expression alterations and likely co-regulation of genes/pathways critical in the biology of PCa onset/progression.  相似文献   

14.
目的 :探讨张家口地区乳腺癌的发病规律。方法 :对我科 2 0 0 1~ 2 0 0 2年收集的 10 6例乳腺癌进行回顾性分析。结果 :36~ 5 5岁者占 70 %以上 ,2 6岁以下和 6 6岁以上患者极少 ;浸润性导管占 75 .4 7% ,淋巴结总转移率为 4 0 .6 %。结论 :乳腺肿物早就诊对乳腺癌的早期诊断与预后有重要的意义。  相似文献   

15.
以Fraser的话语标记语分类法为基础,本研究对浙江省某高校90名非英语专业本科二年级学生记叙文写作中话语标记语使用情况进行了调查。调查显示所有学生都使用了话语标记语,但使用频率不同。按话语使用频率高低排序,依次是阐述性标记语、推断性标记语、对比性标记语、因果性标记语和主题相关标记语。研究结果同时显示,高级组和初级组学生在话语标记语的正确使用频率上存在显著差异,英语水平高的学生在记叙文写作中使用的话语标记语数量相对较多,种类也相对丰富。  相似文献   

16.
被子植物雌、雄配子体发育的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
被子植物雌、雄配子体的形成是世代交替的关键过程之一。雌配子体的形成可以划分为两个连续的过程,即孢子发生和雌配子体发生。雄配子的形成则包括生殖细胞和营养细胞的分化,以及雄配子体的发生。同时,雌雄配子体发育的过程中还受到先关的调控确保了配子体的正常发育,阐述了被子植物雌雄配子体的发育过程及相关的调控,并综述了这一领域最新研究进展。  相似文献   

17.
樟树几种生化类型及近缘种的RAPD分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以樟树(Cinnamomum camphora(L.)Presl)基因组DNA为材料,应用RAPD分子标记手段分析了樟树3种化学类型及3个近缘种的亲缘关系和遗传多样性。结果表明:所选材料在GS=0.19处可划分为4大类群,其中樟树与近缘种之间差异较大,近缘种种内的遗传差异不大,而几种化学类型间有明显的遗传变异,但差异程度明显小于近缘种之间的遗传差异。樟树几种化学类型及近缘种间遗传多样性明显,樟树的遗传变异丰富。  相似文献   

18.
宫颈癌早期是以手术为主的综合治疗,中晚期是以放疗为主的综合治疗。尽管有多种治疗方法可供选择,具有复发高风险因素如巨块型、盆腔淋巴结转移、脉管淋巴转移等情况的宫颈癌,预后仍较差。了解评价宫颈癌预后的生物学指标,对宫颈癌患者治疗方案的选择、化疗及放疗的剂量调整等至关重要。本文从宫颈癌肿瘤内环境指标、与宫颈癌细胞生物学特性相关指标、离体标本相关指标、分子功能影像学方法四方面评价宫颈癌预后生物学指标的最新进展。  相似文献   

19.
    
Objective To investigate molecular alterations associating with prostate carcinoma progression and potentially provide information toward more accurate prognosis/diagnosis. Methods A set of laser captured microdissected (LCM) specimens from 300 prostate cancer (PCa) patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) were defined. Ten patients representing “aggressive” PCa, and 10 representing “non-aggressive” PCa were selected based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence, Gleason score, pathological stage and tumor cell differentiation, with matched patient age and race between the two groups. Normal and neoplastic prostate epithelial cells were collected with LCM from frozen tissue slides obtained from the RP specimens. The expressions of a panel of genes, including NPY, PTEN, AR, AMACR, DD3, and GSTP1, were measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (TaqMan), and correlation was analyzed with clinicopathological features. Results The expressions of AMACR and DD3 were consistently up-regulated in cancer cells compared to benign prostate epithelial cells in all PCa patients, whereas GSTP1 expression was down regulated in each patient. NPY, PTEN and AR exhibited a striking difference in their expression patterns between aggressive and non-aggressive PCas (P=0.0203, 0.0284, and 0.0378, respectively, Wilcoxon rank sum test). The lower expression of NPY showed association with “aggressive” PCas based on a larger PCa patient cohort analysis (P=0.0037, univariate generalized linear model (GLM) analysis). Conclusion Despite widely noted heterogeneous nature of PCa, gene expression alterations of AMACR, DD3, and GSTP1 in LCM-derived PCa epithelial cells suggest for common underlying mechanisms in the initiation of PCa. Lower NPY expression level is significantly associated with more aggressive clinical behavior of PCa; PTEN and AR may have potential in defining PCa with aggressive clinical behavior. Studies along these lines have potential to define PCa-associated gene expression alterations and likely co-regulation of genes/pathways critical in the biology of PCa onset/progression. Project supported by the Center for Prostate Disease Research, and the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville, MD, USA  相似文献   

20.
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has shown remarkably anti-cancer activity, with its bioactivity being related to reactive conditions, such as pH and metal ions. The present study investigated the degradation of EGCG and its effect on prostate cancer cell in the presence of Cu2 . EGCG was incubated with prostate cancer cells,  相似文献   

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