论信息社会图书馆服务功能的转变

图书馆,作为信息收集、整理、传递的重要场所,在信息社会将发挥巨大作用。调查资料表明,全球图书馆文献信息资源占整个社会信息需求量的80％。如何更好的运用这些文献信息资源,最大限度地发挥图书馆的服务功能,使之产生最大的社会效益是图书馆事业面临的新课题。     

“双创”与高校图书馆信息素养教育职能的发挥

高校图书馆要积极发挥资源和服务优势,在大学生信息素养教育中充分发挥职能,为“双创”教育的开展保驾护航.本文分析“双创”背景下高校图书馆发挥信息素养教育职能优势,指出当前大学生信息素养教育中存在的问题,提出以图书馆为载体开展大学生信息素养教育的路径,通过图书馆教育职能的发挥,助力高校“双创”教育有序开展.     

高校图书馆信息文化建设的途径探析

本文通过对图书馆信息文化内涵及其特征的介绍,分析网络环境下图书馆信息文化建设的优势,进而提出发挥信息资源优势,注重信息开发;把握信息资源规律,做好读者信息需求的调研;发挥高校图书馆教育基地作用,做好读者信息文化教育;注重图书馆馆员队伍建设等是高校图书馆信息文化建设的有效途径。     

谈高校图书馆信息素质教育职能的发挥

阐述了高校图书馆在大学教育中的信息素质教育职能,根据高校图书馆的信息素质教育内容提出了高校图书馆发挥信息教育职能必须具备的几个条件。     

略论构建和谐社会与图书馆作用的发挥

图书馆在构建和谐社会中具有重要地位.图书馆社会功能的发挥,为构建和谐社会提供精神动力;图书馆信息共享功能的开拓,为构建和谐社会提供公平的信息资源;图书馆教育功能的拓展,为构建和谐社会提供继续教育、增强信息素养的条件.     

论图书馆知识信息的开发利用

本文从主要通过针对知识经济时代图书馆知识信息开发利用存在的现状、问题等的讨论，阐述了图书馆作为知识的宝库、信息的集散地，在知识经济中充当的重要角色及发挥的重要角色及发挥的重要作用，提出图书馆知识信息工作进一步开展的一些思路。     

农村图书馆：新农村建设的有益助推

当前,我国在社会主义新农村建设的实践中农民受到思想道德水准、信息资源、科技水平、教育能力的不适应等瓶颈性因素的制约。建设好农村图书馆并切实发挥其有益功效,可以提升农民的道德与文化素质、畅通生产和生活的信息渠道、丰富农民的精神文化生活,从而有效化解上述制约因素。为此,我们需要在建好乡村图书馆上下功夫、在发挥城市图书馆的帮扶功能上下功夫、在增强图书馆服务实效上下功夫,通过图书馆功效的发挥必将能够对新农村建设产生强大推动力。     

高校图书馆管理工作存在的问题与对策探讨

高校图书馆是收集和传播最新知识信息的中心,是学生和知识信息之间的桥梁。随着高校信息化建设的加快,高校图书馆在高校教学、科研和管理中发挥着越来越重要的作用。因此,对高校图书馆实行图书管理知识化与服务创新,不仅顺应时代发展的要求,也为高校图书馆更好地发挥其服务职能。     

论高职院校图书馆学科馆员建设的必要性——以南宁职业技术学院图书馆为例

现代信息社会自动化技术、数字化技术和互联网的广泛应用,使图书馆的主要功能正在从图书资料的存储向,为读者提供信息资源整合和针对不同个体的信息推送等个性化服务转变,实体图书馆的功能更趋于成为读者的信息共享空间。高校图书馆要努力发挥高校信息中心的检索功能,大力培养一支高素质的"学科馆员"队伍,全面深入服务教学与科研,提供有针对性的学术服务,发挥图书馆在高校建设中的重要作用。     

浅谈21世纪图书馆工作的发展趋势

通过比较分析,说明21世纪图书馆工作的发展要从图书馆的文献信息、各种图书馆的共存互补、图书馆工作的变革及馆员的素质提高四方面来实现图书馆管理工作与服务工作的优化,大力发展咨询产业,只有这样图书馆才能在未来的信息社会中发挥更大的作用。     

Mother-Child Play: Sequential Interactions and the Relation between Maternal Beliefs and Behaviors

This investigation of mother and toddler play had 2 goals. The primary goal was to examine the types of play mothers introduce in direct response to their toddlers' play. A secondary and exploratory goal was to examine the relation between maternal knowledge about child play and actual maternal play behaviors. 50 mothers and their 21-month-old toddlers were observed at home during free play. Mother and child exploratory, nonsymbolic, and symbolic play were coded. Sequential analyses revealed that mothers adjusted their play to their children's play level by responding to their children with play that was either at the same level or at a higher level than their children's play. Furthermore, mothers who were more knowledgeable about early play development more often responded to their children's play by introducing higher level play. These findings suggest that mothers tend to play with their toddlers in ways that might promote their child's development, and that mothers with more knowledge about play development provide their children with appropriately challenging play interactions.     

Mother-Child Play in Italy: Regional Variation,Individual Stability,and Mutual Dyadic Influence

Objective. This longitudinal study assessed similarities and differences in exploratory, symbolic, and social play in mother-child dyads in the south and north of Italy. Design. Altogether, 89 mothers and their children were observed and recorded at home when children were 13 and 20 months of age. From videotapes, exploratory, symbolic, and social play were coded and analyzed. Results. Children did not differ in their play with mothers across region and play type, but they played less in exploratory and more in symbolic modes as they grew. At 13 months, mothers in the south did not differ from mothers in the north in engaging in exploratory or symbolic play with their children; at 20 months, mothers in the south engaged in more demonstrations of exploratory and mothers in the north more demonstrations of symbolic play. Mothers in the south and north engaged in equivalent social play at the two ages, but northern mothers verbally praised their children more at the two ages. Child play was not stable, and mothers' play only irregularly stable. In both regions at both ages, individual variation in children's exploratory and symbolic play was specifically associated with individual variation in mothers' exploratory and symbolic play, respectively, but mothers' play did not predict children's play, nor did children's play predict mothers' play. Mothers' social play was not predictive of child play, although verbal praise was associated with child play. Conclusions. These data highlight the universality of general developmental processes in play as well as specific intra-cultural variation in parenting and child development.     

幼儿园教师游戏素养的结构模型与培养路径——基于生态学的构想

游戏素养是幼儿园教师的核心专业素养之一,是教师关于游戏的态度、知识、能力相互联系与作用而形成的一种高级、复杂、综合的心理结构。其中,游戏态度作为内隐的价值与情感向度,主要包括游戏精神、儿童视角、伦理敏感等要素。游戏知识作为承上启下的基础养分,主要包括关于游戏的本体性知识与方法性知识及幼儿发展知识。游戏能力作为外化的行为与技巧,主要包括分析与解读幼儿的能力、创设游戏条件的能力、师幼互动的能力等要素。没有基本的游戏态度,游戏知识与能力便难以有生根的土壤。同时,游戏知识与能力又反作用于游戏态度的形成。在这样类似于生态系统的结构模型中,教师的游戏态度与其游戏知识和能力的水平通常具有一致性,决定了教师所处的游戏素养发展阶段,并呈现出多种样态。根据生态学的循环原理,在充分关注教师需求的基础上,可以通过设计从"问题思考"到"理论学习"再到"实践反思"的层层深入且循环往复的培训环节,组合不同的培训内容和方式,形成系列培训方案,系统帮助教师提升游戏素养。     

Indonesian Children's Play with Their Mothers and Older Siblings

30 Indonesian children were observed and videotaped on 2 separate occasions while playing with toys to promote imaginative play with their mothers and older siblings. Play episodes were examined for level of play with objects, mutual involvement in social and cooperative social pretend play, maternal and sibling play behaviors, and thematic content. Mothers were interviewed about children's play. Results showed that level of object play and mutual involvement in cooperative social pretend play increased with age. Pretend play with objects and cooperative social pretend play were more frequent with older siblings than with mothers. Older siblings were more actively involved in play activities than were mothers. Siblings joined their younger partners' play activities and made comments and suggestions for pretend play. The findings suggest that older siblings can be effective facilitators of pretend play with young children. The results also show how the sociocultural context shapes children's early play behavior with different partners.     

Learning to play: A review and theoretical investigation of the developmental mechanisms and functions of cetacean play

Play is a behavioral phenomenon most commonly observed in the young of both solitary and social species. Documentation of play in cetaceans varies across species and settings. Cetacean play behavioral repertoires include a broad range of actions, such as the manipulation of diverse objects, blowing bubbles, chasing conspecifics, and swimming in spirals through the water. As is common in research on animal play, cetacean play has been grouped into categories by its form, including locomotor play, object play, and different variations of social play, such as affiliative games, play fighting, and socio-sexual play. Research has primarily focused on recording the topography of cetacean play and the demographics of the individuals engaging in play. However, these classifications are insufficient to address the possible developmental and societal functions of cetacean play behaviors, or the mechanisms with which play behaviors are spread between conspecifics and acquired by young members of cetacean populations. This article applies several developmental and social learning theories in order to organize current knowledge and guide future research.     

维果茨基游戏理论述评

维果茨基是前苏联一位才华横溢的心理学家。他的游戏理论主要包括对游戏的社会性本质的认识、游戏与幼儿发展的关系、游戏的关键特征、游戏的作用等。他的游戏理论为人们理解游戏提供了新的视角但同时也存在一定的局限性。     

Solitary and Collaborative Pretense Play in Early Childhood: Sources of Individual Variation in the Development of Representational Competence

This study evaluates sources of individual variation in child pretense play as an expression of emerging mental representation. Family sociodemographic characteristics, maternal personological characteristics, and maternal affective and cognitive play behaviors, as well as children's gender, language competence, and play, were examined simultaneously. Naturalistic child solitary play and child collaborative play with mother were videorecorded in 141 20–month-olds. Child solitary play, child-initiated and mother-initiated collaborative play with mother, and maternal demonstrations and solicitations of play were then coded into nonsymbolic and symbolic acts. Zero-order relations obtained between child play and, respectively, child gender and language, family SES, and maternal verbal intelligence, personality, physical affection, and play demonstrations and solicitations. Structural equation modeling supported the following unique predictive relations: Child language and mothers' symbolic play positively influenced child collaborative play, and child gender and mothers' verbal intelligence predicted child solitary play. Child gender and mothers' verbal intelligence and physical affection influenced mothers' play and so influenced child collaborative play indirectly. The cognitive advantages of child play and maternal influences on child play are placed in an adaptive parenting framework.     

Play in the Preschool Classroom: Its Socioemotional Significance and the Teacher’s Role in Play

The goals of this paper were two-fold. The first goal was to examine the emotional and social developmental value of play in the early childhood classroom. This issue is important because of the recent impetus for a more academic focus in early childhood classrooms, and questions about the developmental benefits of play. The second goal was to examine and discuss the role teachers could play in making play a developmental and educational experience. This is because understanding the significance of play could make teachers less apprehensive about using play to promote learning and development, and enable them answer questions regarding the value of play. Using these goals as a backdrop, this paper discussed views of children’s play; the defining characteristics of emotional and social development; play and the socioemotional development of children; and the role of early childhood teachers in children’s play.     

从《窦娥冤》看关汉卿的儒生理想

从《窦娥冤》的题目正名可以看出,关汉卿对窦天章这一角色的肯定,而窦天章的儒生人生设计与现实是有很大的反差,这一较为圆满的设计正是体现出了关汉卿的儒生理想。     

Relation of psycholinguistic development to imaginative play of disadvantaged preschool children

The relation of imaginative play to psycholinguistic development was investigated in a sample of disadvantaged preschool children. The children were assigned to high and low play groups based on their level of play organization. The high play group was significantly more mature in overall psycholinguistic development than the low play group. Further analyses revealed that while the groups did not vary in Auditory Reception, the high play group earned more advanced scores on the Auditory-Vocal Association and Verbal Expression tasks that did the low play group. Moreover, the high play group engaged in more task-relevant speech during play than did the low play group, although the groups did not differ in amount of task-irrelevant speech. The role of psycholinguistic, cognitive, and environmental factors in the development and organization of imaginative play was discussed.