教育变革期的政策机遇与挑战——欧盟“核心素养”的实施与评价

作为总体教育目标和政策参照框架的欧盟核心素养对欧洲各国的基础教育课程改革产生了深刻的影响。论文首先介绍了欧盟整体层面针对核心素养的相关教育政策和计划项目,进而对欧盟核心素养课程实施的现状进行了梳理,对跨学科素养的实施、核心素养与传统基本能力的关系以及核心素养的评价等当前欧盟实践中的热点问题进行了分析,以期从中获得启示和经验,为我国基础教育课程实施与评价的研究与实践提供借鉴。     

欧盟基础教育政策的实施研究北大核心CSSCI

欧盟基础教育政策的实施有欧盟基础教育行动计划、成员国转化和实施欧盟基础教育政策两种路径。本文以英国、法国、德国为例,描述了欧盟成员国对欧盟基础教育政策回应的基本情况,概括了欧盟成员国回应欧盟基础教育政策的以一应多、以多应一、借鉴、部分回应等四种模式。     

促进欧盟基础教育整合的“夸美纽斯计划”探析

欧盟为了促进各国基础教育的整合与发展,增强整体竞争力,自1995年起实施了旨在整合和共享基础教育资源、提升欧盟基础教育质量的＂夸美纽斯计划＂（Comenius programme）,以应对经济全球化和教育国际化。＂夸美纽斯计划＂自实施以来,取得了显著的成绩,但也出现了一些亟待解决的问题。     

新时代我国基础教育质量评价政策工具使用现状与优化建议

《深化新时代教育评价改革总体方案》颁布后,基础教育质量评价领域陆续出台了多份贯彻落实的相关政策,基本上形成了新时代基础教育质量评价政策体系。政策实施的效果,需要多种政策工具交叉协同运用来保障。运用内容分析法,对4份基础教育质量评价政策文件中的政策工具进行分析,发现存在权威工具使用比例较高、激励工具和学习工具使用低频化、政策工具内部结构失衡等情况,这与我国新时代基础教育质量评价改革的真问题不匹配。因此,建议后续的基础教育质量评价政策调整宜适当减少权威工具的使用,合理释放权威工具的正向效能;提升激励工具的使用频次,激发评价体系内部动力;增强学习工具的使用力度,充分发挥多重工具效能;完善政策工具内部结构,提升政策工具的协同性。     

公平与优质:英美两国基础教育均衡发展政策评介

当前,教育公平成为当代世界各国制定教育政策的基本出发点.文章以美国、英国为例,观照发达国家在促进基础教育均衡发展过程中的政策演变和理念特征,在成功经验启示的基础上展望未来基础教育发展的均衡趋势,即保持基础教育均衡发展政策的公平理念;提倡多元合作与发展的基础教育改革路径;加大对农村地区和薄弱学校的扶持力度;学校教育质量成为基础教育政策制定的突破口.     

中美基础教育政策价值取向之比较

改革开放以来,我国基础教育政策经历了两种价值取向:一是实施"城乡、地区不均衡发展和精英教育政策"的价值取向;二是追求教育公平的政策价值取向。美国基础教育政策经历了以"保障教育机会均等"为基相标指向时期、以"提高教育质量"为基本价值导向时期和以"教育机会均等与教育质量相扶相携"为基本价值追求三个重要发展时期。通过对中美两国基础教育政策价值取向的对比分析可知,基础教育是公共产品,要实现基础教育的均衡发展必须构建政府在基本公共服务供给中承担最终责任的体制机制,必须建立权威、系统的基本公共服务法规体系。     

重庆设立教育评估院

由重庆市教委主办的重庆市教育评估院和基础教育质量监测中心挂牌成立。重庆市教育评估院和基础教育质量监测中心成立后,将负责教育评估理论与政策研究和技术研究,开发并建设教育评估的指标体系和信息资源,实施基础教育质量检测工作,承担基础教育、职业教育、成人教育、高等教育的有关评估和服务等各项工作。     

现状与对策：西北少数民族基础教育均衡发展研究

少数民族地区基础教育实施均衡发展战略旨在消弭存在于基础教育中的各种不平等和不均衡的现象,最终实现教育的实质公平。在西北少数民族地区,实施教育均衡发展战略是其基础教育从根本上摆脱不利处境,实现与其他地区同步发展的必由之路。建立有利于少数民族地区基础教育均衡发展的政策体系;建立有利于少数民族地区基础教育均衡发展的投入机制;走外援式和内涵式相结合的发展道路;大力发展信息技术教育,加快少数民族基础教育的跨越式发展是实现西北少数民族地区基础教育均衡发展的有效途径。     

科学发展贵在落实

近几年来,国家进一步加大了对教育,尤其是对农村教育的投入力度,实施农村义务教育经费保障机制、实行中职助学金政策、建立贫困生资助体系等,极大地促进了基础教育的和谐发展。     

对我国现行基础教育政策的初步分析

教育系统中带有根本性的、最重要的决策问题之一就是政策制订,而政策研究是政策制订乃至政策实施的必要环节。本文重点研究了基础教育政策所透露出的教育价值观,它是我国基础教育政策得以制定的出发点;分析了基础教育中的导向政策,规模政策,质量政策等主要政策内容,进而对基础教育政策分别从制定的依据、政策特点及政策风险进行了简要评价。本文的目的一是在于引起教育界对教育政策研究的兴趣,二是为其它类型的教育政策研究提供一个初始框架     

The Bologna Process and the Lisbon Research Agenda: the European Commission's expanding role in higher education discourse

This article examines the role of the European Union's Commission in weaving together the Bologna Process and the Lisbon research strategy with its existing educational initiatives to define and disseminate an influential vision of European higher education. The article begins by outlining the Commission's activities in relation to EU education programmes, the Lisbon research agenda and the Bologna Process. It goes on to examine, in a variety of policy texts, the discourse of European higher education that is supported by, and supporting, these large-scale policy developments. Whilst the overall coherence and cohesiveness of this emerging discourse can be queried, the article argues that the Commission is drawing effectively on both Bologna and Lisbon to firmly constitute — and reconstitute — higher education as a European policy domain. The article concludes with an analysis of how different educational stakeholders are supported and restricted by the Commission's views of higher education, as articulated through its 'hybrid' Bologna/Lisbon agenda.     

欧盟促进成人学习政策国内研究文献综述

里斯本会议以来,欧盟制定了多项促进成人学习的教育与培训方面的政策。近几年,国内学者对这些促进成人学习政策进行了不同层面的研究。通过对国内相关研究成果进行统计分析和系统的梳理,从政策的背景与特征、政策实施的成效与问题、政策发展的趋势等方面进行了综述。最后指出相关研究存在的不足和亟待加强之处,以供国内学者进一步研究之参考。     

The Bologna Process and higher education in Mercosur: regionalization or Europeanization?

Over the past two decades regional agreements have become more significant in educational and training. This paper situates and analyses the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), the Bologna Process and the Lisbon Strategy and explores their influence on the integration of higher education systems in Mercosur (the Southern Common Market of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela). Mercosur is still a customs union, and the project of integrating higher education is at an early stage. Lacking organically established regional bodies, coordination of integration in Mercosur has focused on summits and meetings of officials. However, in a context of unequal maturity in regional integration, there is emerging evidence that the EHEA project is influencing the reforms of national systems of higher education and even Mercosur’s model for a regional area of higher education. A nascent Europeanization of higher education systems in the Mercosur region is emerging, by-passing Mercosur’s regional structures. The formulation of policies has been permeated by policy transfer from Europe to national territories within Mercosur.     

Communists,Humboldtians, neoliberals and dissidents: or the path to a post-communist homo oeconomicus

The neoliberalisation of higher education in post-communist central and eastern Europe, the new EU member states, is not seen as being distinct. Implementation of the Bologna Process and Lisbon Strategy means it has become part of the competitive global sphere of higher education. The transformation of post-communist higher education has attracted little attention, but it is in fact an example of an unprecedented radical 25 year-long transformation: from centralised non-research-orientated communist policy to the radical autonomous Humboldtian environment that emerged after the fall of communism to a strong European neoliberalisation. This article highlights not only the gradual and unique nature of these processes but also shows how they have merged to form the current neoliberalist hybrid. Focusing primarily on former Czecho-Slovakia and the subsequent Slovak and Czech Republics, it details the education policy strategies and initiatives that have contributed to this process. By examining the new educational policy framework at a Slovak university, it shows how Humboldtian culture encountered neoliberal culture: a distinct feature of post-communist neoliberalisation. It is suggested that the Slovak and Czech implementation of neoliberalism has not proved immune to forms of governance similar to those found under communism; rather the two have fused together.     

The History of EU Cooperation in the Field of Education and Training: how lifelong learning became a strategic objective

In 2007, the EU is celebrating both the 50th Anniversary of the Treaty of Rome and the 20 years of existence of its flagship programme, Erasmus, thus recalling that the EU is more than its economic, agricultural or monetary policies and that it develops also as a community of peoples. Education has a key role to play in this respect. This article provides an insight into how community cooperation in the field of education developed since its inception at the beginning of the 70s. It analyses more specifically how this cooperation and the one in the field of training evolved over the years, first in parallel and then in a more integrated manner, in particular from the 90s onwards, to form what is now a common platform to support lifelong leaning and the 2010 goals set by the Lisbon Strategy.     

The quality of teaching staff: higher education institutions’ compliance with the European Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance—the case of Portugal

In recent years, initiatives for the improvement of teaching quality have been pursued both at European and national levels. Such is the case of the European Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance (ESG) and of legislation passed by several European countries, including Portugal, in response to European policy developments driven by the Lisbon Strategy and the Bologna Process. This paper is concerned with the institutional level implementation of European and national policies which target the quality of teaching staff. It reports on the findings of a study conducted in order to analyse if Portuguese higher education institutions are taking measures to improve and assure the quality of teaching staff in compliance particularly with the ESG. Findings suggest that this compliance is only partial. Although mechanisms exist for the selection, recruitment and appraisal of academics, other instruments and measures meant to continuously improve teaching staff quality, such as institutional support for skills development, pedagogic training, material infrastructure and motivation strategies, such as awards and recognition, are still incipient.     

欧盟的高等教育与WTO

本文介绍了WTO的有关教育规则和欧盟加入WTO后所做的教育服务承诺,以及欧盟应对加入WTO所采取的整体规划和欧盟各成员国的具体政策措施,分析了其在高等教育方面交流与合作的运行方式和欧盟在消除各国间的障碍、实现欧洲教育一体化所做的努力。     

欧盟终身学习计划述评——基于关照成人及其学习视角

上世纪70年代初,原法国总理埃德加·富尔（EdgarFaure）及其同事,最早提出了“终身学习”的概念,认为每一个人必须终身不断地学习。多年来,欧盟的终身学习计划一直努力践行着这一理念,从上世纪90年代初起,欧盟陆续地推出了一系列以各自独立的方式加以实施和运行的教育计划。2007年,欧盟实施终身学习计划,该教育计划框架有四项支柱计划,分剐是夸关组斯计划、伊拉斯莫斯计划、达·芬奇计划、格龙维计划,以及两项辅助计划：横向计划、让·莫内计划。欧盟的终身学习计划展现了终身学习思想在欧洲付诸实践的比较先进的模式,其模式的思路与做法有许多值得借鉴,一是目标设置,导向目标和政策目标结构层层递进,目标内容贴近现实;二是人群覆盖,欧盟的终身学习计划人群覆盖的纵向考虑,尊重了人的发展与学习之终身性特征,而横向覆盖面又顾及了人们社会角色扮演与任务担当及其发展需求的多样性和差异性特征;三是内容设计,欧盟终身学习计划各分项计划在其内容要目“求同”的设计,使终身学习计划的整个内容结构更为规范,各教育板块间可以进行交流与合作,而具体教育内容“求异”的设计,有助于各教育板块保留自身特点,可以反映和满足不同学习者的不同学习需求。     

Education and Social Transformation in Central and Eastern Europe

This article evaluates the outcomes of the efforts of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries to make their education systems more effective in enhancing broader social and economic goals. It focuses on those 11 Central and Eastern European countries which became members of the EU in 2004 or following this date. First, it presents a short analysis of how educational goals were connected with the broader goals of social and economic progress before and during the first phase of the transition period after the collapse of Communism. It then analyses the impact of the accession of these countries to the EU, including the impact of some European mechanisms that have contributed to the strengthening of linkages between education and social-economic progress. The third part of the article attempts to evaluate the outcomes of the relevant national education reforms, development programmes and policies, most of them generated by these mechanisms, in the light of a number of selected indicators. A key conclusion of the article is that the adoption of the lifelong learning approach of the EU has been a major engine to strengthen the role of education in social and economic development in the CEE region, but most countries still need further efforts to translate this approach into coherent and effective national policies and to implement them so that they produce relevant and significant outcomes.     

Development of education policy in Lithuania during the years of transformations

Development of education policy in Central and Eastern Europe is a specific type of educational transformations. Though almost all the countries in the region began their reforms from a similar starting point—the Soviet-type education system—eventually they moved towards different educational models. As a result of the full EU membership of the eight post-communist Central and Eastern European countries, one may recently observe a certain convergence of reform patterns, determined by the development of the common EU education policy. Lithuania is a typical example of educational transformations in the region. The article highlights the development of education policy in Lithuania from a highly inspirational and spontaneous transformations in early 1990s to more pragmatic and economically grounded reforms in late 1990s and early 2000s. Further integration into the EU evoke new systemic changes in Lithuanian education.