大学英语教师教学观念与教学行为的对比研究

该研究通过问卷调查, 结合课堂观察与访谈,调查了大学英语教师的教学观念和教学行为.调查结果发现,多数大学英语教师认同自主学习观念并已做好了角色转换的心理准备;教师的实际教学行为与其教学观念和角色期待大体相关,但认识与实践仍存在一定的差距.     

How Home Enrichment Mediates the Relationship Between Maternal Education and Children's Achievement in Reading and Math

Research Findings: This article addresses the mediating role of early childhood home enrichment in the association between maternal education and academic achievement in the reading and math of 1,093 children aged 7 (Grade 1). Data were extracted from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development database. We used the bootstrapping procedure, a new method recently developed to assess multiple mediator effects simultaneously. Five potential mediating aspects of naturally occurring enriching home environments (HOME) were measured at 54 months of age: learning materials, learning stimulation, parental responsiveness, modeling of social maturity, and variety in experience. Gender differences in the mediating role of aspects of home enrichment were also examined for the letter–word reading and math subscales of the Woodcock–Johnson Psychoeducational Battery–Revised. Results indicated that all 5 aspects of home enrichment mediated the association between maternal education and reading achievement, and 4 aspects of home enrichment mediated this association for math achievement. Some aspects of home enrichment were gender specific. Practice or Policy: Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.     

信仰与社会发展的关系：一种机理的探求

信仰作为一种精神力量在人类的社会发展中起着重要作用,它属于社会结构中的文化范畴,是文化结构中价值观念系统的核心;文化的历史流延,必然形成社会中具有文化传统、文化现态、文化未来三维向度结构的能量系统,信仰正是通过执掌文化的这三种向度而制约社会发展.信仰与社会发展的基本关系体现在三个方面,即信仰对社会发展的阻滞,信仰对社会发展的成果巩固,信仰对社会发展的理想牵导.     

The Classroom Behavior of Teachers During Compensatory Reading Instruction1

Abstract

This article focuses on the classroom behavior of 135 teachers in compensatory reading programs (grades 2, 4, 6) in twenty-one cities. A special observation instrument was designed to categorize teacher behavior during reading instruction and reliability data are reported for the forty-six observers who were trained to use this instrument. Each class was visited on nine different occasions for 15 minutes of coding during each visit, and data are reported in terms of the average amount of time spent in each mode and content activity across the teachers in these programs.     

The Relationship Between Teacher Beliefs and Practices, and Head Start Classroom Quality

Within early childhood research considerable emphasis has been placed on examining teachers' beliefs about developmentally appropriate practices in the classroom. The purpose of this study was to describe Head Start teacher beliefs and self-reported practices as they relate to classroom quality and examine the potential differences in the beliefs of those teaching in high, average, and low quality classrooms. Scores on two subscales, appropriate and inappropriate, for both self-reported beliefs and practices were used as the dependent variables. Analysis of variance was used to examine differences between the self-reported beliefs and practices of teachers in classrooms of differing quality. The results for both the appropriate beliefs and appropriate activities subscales were statistically nonsignificant. However, the results for the two inappropriate subscales were statistically significant. These results would seem to indicate that teachers in the low quality group tended to respond more favorably to statements about inappropriate beliefs and practices than did those teachers in either the high or average quality classrooms. These findings provide important information about offering professional development opportunities for Head Start teachers that focus on providing theoretical perspectives on children's development and instructional practices aimed at changing beliefs about teaching practices.     

关于工作记忆的个体差异与阅读理解的关系

工作记忆是执行认知任务时所涉及的一个对所需信息进行临时保持及操作的系统,它能同时储存和加工信息,其工作记忆容量有限。阅读理解是一个复杂的认知过程,是在头脑中形成语言描述的情境,用推理等活动揭示语言材料意义的过程。个体工作记忆阅读广度的差异反映了阅读能力的差异。只有进一步认识工作记忆的个体差异对阅读理解的影响,才能更好地发挥工作记忆对阅读理解的促进作用。     

大学生身体自尊与体育锻炼行为的关系研究

体育锻炼促进心理健康研究的热点之一是身体锻炼与身体自尊的关系问题.文章采用问卷调查法,对大学生身体自尊与体育锻炼坚持性进行调查和分析.研究发现,大学生身体自尊与体育锻炼行为之间存在显著相关,其中有关运动能力的认知和评价受到体育锻炼坚持行为的影响;体育锻炼者身体自尊与非体育锻炼者差异显著并呈性别差异;体育锻炼与运动能力、身体吸引力及身体价值感三个维度的关系最为密切;通过长期坚持体育锻炼能够改变身体自尊水平,尤其是提高运动能力的自我评价水平.     

语篇理解与外语阅读

在外语教学领域,阅读理解能力长期以来被证明是听、说、读、写、译五种能力中最重要的。因此,对外语学生而言,外语阅读理解能力的提高会有效地推动其他语言技能的提高。本文从形式和功能两个方面论述语篇理解技巧,以及对外语阅读教学的启示。     

The Relationship Between Parent-Rated Behavior Problems and Peer Relations in Preschool Children

The relationship between parent-rated behavior problems based on the Preschool Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ) and the peer relations of nonhandicapped and mildly developmentally delayed preschool children was examined in this study. Measures of the peer-related social interactions of 3- and 4-year-old nonhandicapped children and a 4-year-old developmentally delayed group were obtained as children participated in a series of specially designed playgroups. Correlations with scores for the behavior problem dimensions obtained from the PBQ with social interaction and negative relationship peer interaction factors revealed significant relationships only for the nonhandicapped 4-year-old children. Children rated by their mothers as high on the Hostile-Aggressive, Anxiety-Fearful, and Total Behavior Disturbed dimensions were less socially interactive with peers and received higher negative relationship scores than children with lower ratings.     

繁荣党执政与土美关系

1996年6月,以埃尔巴甘为首的伊斯兰政党在土耳其上台执政,引起了美国的极大关注。关于土耳其存在伊斯兰威胁的声音不仅来自西欧和美国,也来自中东和土耳其,但繁荣党执政期间并没有从根本上改变土耳其的传统外交路线,而是与美国保持了一种正常的外交关系。另一方面,美国对土耳其军方迫使繁荣党下台一事基本上是赞同的。就土耳其的情况而言,所谓“伊斯兰威胁”可以说是一种神话而不是现实。     

晚清诗界革命与日本启蒙诗歌关系

晚清诗界革命深受日本启蒙诗歌影响：一是走日本启蒙诗歌学习西方诗歌的道路,由是晚清诗歌创作获取了一种全新的世界性视野;然而,诗人接受域外学资源时特殊的民族化心理,使晚清“欧洲意境”诗歌与日本启蒙诗歌相比,质地迥异。二是以日本启蒙诗歌通俗化特征为取向,日本启蒙诗歌有助于晚清诗界开启大众化序幕以获取大众化启蒙形式。     

The Tensions Between Shared Governance and Advancing Educational Equity

This article examines the relationship between shared governance and one school district’s (in)ability to advance educational equity. Specifically, we consider the district’s policies, discourse, and practice around equity within the context of site-based management and shared decision making. We suggest that if equity is indeed a major district responsibility, then it seems inconsistent to leave equity at the mercy of shared governance and occasional externally-imposed mandates because most individual school leaders and educators are not currently taking up this agenda or implementing changes that would result in equitable education. Thus, our work suggests that progress toward educational equity may best be achieved through top-down, directive leadership in districts.     

试论分享阅读与幼儿成长

早期阅读,是幼儿智力成长的重要手段,也是幼儿国语言教育的核心组成部分。本文通过分析分享阅读——一种有效的阅读手段,在幼儿成长中所产生的巨大作用,来论述分享阅读的教育价值。     

态度与行为关系的预测因素考察

态度与行为的关系是态度研究的重要内容之一。综合分析国内外二十多年来社会心理学态度研究的新成果,扩展先前对态度与行为关系的预测因素的认识,同时对已有观点存在的矛盾和不确定等问题进行反思。     

Predicting Mothers' Beliefs about Preschool-Aged Children's Social Behavior: Evidence for Maternal Attitudes Moderating Child Effects

Maternal beliefs about children's social behavior may be important contributors to socialization and development, but little is known about how such beliefs form. Transactional models suggest that children's characteristics may influence parents. At 2 years of age, the shy and aggressive behaviors of 65 toddlers (28 females) were observed during interactions with an unfamiliar peer; as well, mothers described the extent to which they advocated protective and authoritarian childrearing attitudes. These variables were used to predict mothers emotions, attributions, parenting goals, and socialization strategies in response to vignettes depicting aggressive and withdrawn child behaviors 2 years later. Most child effects were moderated by maternal attitudes or gender effects. Authoritarian mothers of aggressive toddlers were most likely to report high control and anger, to blame their children for aggression, and to focus on obtaining compliance rather than teaching skills to their children. Protective mothers reported that they would use warmth and involvement to comfort withdrawn children, especially their daughters.     

大学英语教师的教学信念与教学方法个案研究

通过访谈和课堂实录等手段,对大学英语教师所持有的教学信念及其在课堂中采用的教学方法进行了个案分析。研究发现,大学英语教师持有的教学信念与他们所采用的教学方法密切相关．且教师的教学信念是一个复杂而变化的体系,主要受教师本人的学习经历、教育教学经历以及学生行为等内部和外部因素的影响和制约。文章对于教师更新教学理念,改进教学方法,促进教师职业发展等具有指导意义。     

The Relationship Between Changes in Teachers' Self-efficacy Beliefs and the Science Teaching Environment of Danish First-Year Elementary Teachers

This study's purpose was to determine whether science teaching self-efficacy beliefs among new teachers of elementary science interact significantly with teaching environments in their schools. The study hypothesized a mechanism by which environments can interact with self-efficacy and, consequently, affect the quality of science teaching. The self-efficacy of new elementary teachers from Denmark was assessed at the beginning, middle, and end of their first year of teaching. Their teaching success and environments were also assessed. It was found that positive changes in self-efficacy seemed positively related to the occurrence of environmental factors helpful to teaching (r= .401; p= .011; n= 39). In three case studies, there was some support for this association from assessments, interviews, and success in teaching.     

英语教学中阅读与听力的相关性研究

对于中国的英语学习者来说,英语语言技能一般被分为听、说、读、写四个方面。其中读和听被称为领会式言语活动,写和说则被称为复用式言语活动。国内外研究者分别对阅读和听力都开展了大量的研究,但是对在外语教学中成人教育英语专业学生的阅读与听力的研究却很少。全文通过对成人教育脱产班英语专业学生精读、泛读和听力三个学期考试成绩统计分析的实证研究,发现阅读和听力的显著相关性,进而从心理语言学、认知语言学和语用学的角度来阐释英语教学中阅读与听力的关系。