日本公私立高校公平竞争探析

日本高等教育的大发展很大程度上是通过发展私立高校实现的,其私立高校在政府资助、师资竞争、生源竞争上已处于与公立高校相对公平的竞争环境。日本私立高校发展过程是一个由"压制"到"承认"再到"扶持"的演进过程,公私立高校公平竞争的实现经历了较长的时期。立法、国民经济长期稳定的发展和较强的经济实力是实现公私立高校公平竞争的前提和保障,而政府的资助受私立高校自身情况(如数量、规模、层次、质量),以及国家经济发展水平与实力、立法时间等多种因素的制约。     

The legal framework for establishing private universities in Swaziland

Abstract

This article draws on a doctoral study which investigated the legal and management frameworks required for establishing private universities in Swaziland. The focus is particularly on the legal framework for establishing the Southern Africa Nazarene University (SANU). Managers involved in establishing SANU encountered a lack of both specific legislation dealing with private higher education and existing legislation regulating higher education in Swaziland in general. These managers disagreed on whether the legality of a private university derives from a private Act of Parliament or from a Certificate of Registration. The researcher designed the study as action research and acted, as one of the managers, as an insider researcher. After investigating this problem through a literature review, focus group discussions, participant observation and personal conversations the researcher concluded that, to ensure that the legality of SANU is not questioned in future, the best option in establishing SANU was to follow a dual process of adopting a private Act and engaging in a registration process.     

民办学院学风养成教育模式之我见

学风建设是民办高校工作永恒的主题,也是学生工作的重点,学风养成教育更是重中之重。学风养成教育模式的构建有利于促进人才培养质量的提高,因此有着重要的意义。本文即针对此从民办学院学风现状、其学风养成教育模式等方面展开分析论述。     

The research function of universities in Japan

Japan has long led the trend towards privatization of Research andDevelopment (R&D). With the recent establishment of corporate R&Dfacilities overseas, this has become more international in character. Therelative impoverishment of Japanese academic science has only recently begunto be addressed by the government. Despite the neglect, there appears to bea gradual increase in Japanese academic research, but international researchcollaborations are still quite limited in number. There are growing tieswith industry, but industry has been slow to recognize the value of graduateschool training. Stronger links may promote greater research activity, butwithout reforms to the structure of the education system and Ministry ofEducation policies, Japan will not be prepared to meet the challenge of the21st century, and the need for a highly-skilled, innovative workforce.     

尼日利亚私立大学的发展和困境

在非洲各国高等教育体制变革的历程中,鼓励和促进私立大学的发展是一个共同的趋势。尼日利亚私立大学的发展,使其高等教育规模迅速扩大,也对改变尼日利亚高等教育财政体制产生了积极的影响。但由于尼日利亚没有形成与高等教育私有化相适应的体制和机制,私立大学的扩展和高等教育发展之间还没有形成良性互动,出现了一系列值得关注的现象。     

The expansion of higher education led by private universities in Korea

This article explores the role of the Korean government in expanding private higher education over time and attempts to examine the impact of such expansion on access to and equity in higher education. The enrolment rate in Korean higher education has increased to over 80% within the past 60 years. This can be attributed to two factors: the rapid expansion of private universities which currently enrol about 80% of undergraduates, and the Koreans' educational aspirations rooted in the cultural esteem for education. The government's role is also paramount in the expansion by deregulating private universities. However, higher education expansion, mainly led by private resources with minimal government funding, has resulted in educational inequity. The Korean case demonstrates the importance of maintaining a balanced act between regulating and promoting the expansion of private higher education for a developing economy.     

我国民办高校家族化的若干问题之探讨

民办高校家族化主要表现在学校资产产权和资源支配权的家族化、领导成员及轮换体制的家族化、决策机制和管理体制的家族化及学校生存与发展的家族化等方面。传统的家文化影响和政策的缺失是我国民办高校家族化的主要原因。应在充分调研的基础上,完善法规,加强管理,以规范引导民办高校的健康发展。     

民办高校产权明晰的法律保护

为使我国民办高校产权关系摆脱现实的混沌状态,迫切需要在法律上明确界定民办高校不同性质资产的所有权、民办高校终止时清偿债务后剩余财产的分配办法、负责民办高校资产监管的主体及其责任。     

民办高校考风浅析

针对民办高校考试现状及存在的考试违纪、作弊等考风不正现象,结合自身教务管理经验,从加强民办高校考风建设的4个原则,展开加强其建设的新思路。     

日本国立大学的改革

日本国立大学在日本高等教育体系中占有重要地位。面对全球化的浪潮，日本国立大学进行了法人化改造。国立大学改革也在紧锣密鼓地进行之中。     

日本战前私立大学的发展及对我国民办高校的启示

明治维新后,日本大力发展高等教育事业并取得了很大成绩.但是,由于受"官学中心主义"的影响,办学力量主要集中在国立大学上,私立大学无论在观念和政策方面都被严重地边缘化,造成了国立大学和私立大学发展严重不平衡的局面.这不但严重制约了私立大学的发展,而且也影响到了高等教育乃至整个教育事业的发展.1917年日本召开临时教育会议,从政策和法律层面正式承认私立大学,打破了对私立大学发展的束缚,从而迎来了私立大学的大发展时期.理清战前日本私立大学发展的脉络,考察近代私学的萌芽、私立专门学校的成立和近代私立大学大规模发展的历史,对方兴未艾的我国民办高等教育的发展有启示意义.     

我国民办高校发展的困境与对策

我国的民办高校在发展了20多年后开始整体走弱,主要是外部环境和内部原因综合作用的结果,外部原因主要包括民办高校地位不明、高考报名人数减少、独立学院的不公平竞争等,内部原因主要是民办高校经费不足、质量不高、声誉不好等.并针对民办高校发展面临的困境提出了相关的对策建议.     

日本研究型大学面临的机遇与挑战

文章分析了日本研究型大学的一般特点，及其发展过程中面临的一些问题。近年来，日本政府制定了加强研究生教育、国立大学法人化、建设世界一流大学等政策，促进了日本研究型大学的健康发展。     

我国民办高校专业设置的现状、问题及对策

我国民办高校的专业设置具有市场性强、偏好热门专业等特点;存在的问题主要有专业设置缺乏科学论证,带有一定的盲目性,过于雷同等。对此,可采取扩大其专业设置自主权,优化专业结构,构建多样化的以人为本的专业培养模式等对策。     

长沙市早期民办大学研究

早期民办大学诞生于一个非常特殊的历史时期 ,是在社会对人才和青年对成才的双重需求下产生的。办学中的“挂靠”现象是由当时的历史原因造成的 ;学校的组织形式主要有董事会领导下的校长负责制和校务委员会领导下的校长负责制两种。早期民办大学具有主动适应社会需要 ,富于创新精神 ,白手起家、艰苦创业的特点。长沙市的早期民办大学在中国民办大学发展史上占有重要的地位     

民办高校党建工作的创新与实践

民办高等教育的崛起是我国教育改革和发展中最重要的事件之一,随着民办高等教育的迅速发展,民办高校的党建工作越来越被提高到更加突出的地位。由于在领导体制、产权性质、管理方式等一系列问题上的特殊性,民办高校党建工作在发展过程中必然不能机械地照搬公办高校的做法,而应该结合民办高校的实际,不断创新与实践适合民办高校党建工作发展特点的新思路和新方法。     

Statistical data analysis for investigating Japanese government subsidy policy for private universities

This paper aims at investigating Japanese government’s subsidy policy for private universities by applying statistical approaches to various types of quantitative data. Firstly, we briefly describe the history of the government subsidy policy to identify the dominant factors behind it and also explain the structure and mechanism of this subsidy. Secondly, by using 2005 data, we try to find influential factors in allocating both general subsidies and special subsidies for private universities. Thirdly, using the data in two periods given as 1975–1979 and 2000–2004, we try to elucidate the structural properties of the subsidy policy by applying correlative rank analyses approaches in order to measure the “dominance power” of the top-ranking subsidy-recipient schools. The results show that the number of faculty members is the most influential for general subsidies, while the number of students is the most dominant variable for special subsidies.     

关于民办高校经济管理专业大学生文明礼仪学习的探讨

在当今的经济大环境下,中小企业间的竞争日趋激烈,对于经济管理类人才的选拔也越来越全面,中小企业需要更多有着良好个人修养和综合素质的专业人才,民办高校作为中小企业重要的人才培养基地,更是担负起培养全面发展型经济管理类人才的重任,对于经济管理专业大学生综合素质培养最常用的方法就是文明礼仪的学习,但在当前的文明礼仪教学中还存在着各种各样的问题有待解决。     

日本私立高职院校的办学特色

日本以私立为主举办高职教育在世界职教领域是一特殊现象.本文从这些私立高职院校的办学理念、集团化办学发展趋势、专业开发、人才培养目标和校外办学资源利用等方面所形成的特色作一综述.