Stichwort: „Grundbildung“ und „Basiskompetenzen“

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

„Fördern und Entwickeln“

Dieser Beitrag untersucht Konzepte der Organisationsentwicklung einerseits als diskursives Ereignis im Foucaultschen Sinne und andererseits als institutionelle Handlungslogiken. Das hier zu untersuchende Wissen funktioniert auf normalisierende Weise. Es entwirft den „lebenslang lernenden Unternehmer seiner selbst“. Das „F?rdern und Entwickeln“ l?sst sich als Normalisierungswissen zur Steigerung der Leistungsf?higkeit von „Humanressourcen“ beschreiben, das innerhalb eines Machtdispositivs zur Geltung kommt. Dieses Machtdispositiv entspricht nicht mehr dem pyramidenf?migen Modell der Maschinenbürokratie, sondern dem netzf?rmigen Machtmodell des Organisationstypus „Markt“. Die Brücke zwischen Diskursanalyse und Organisationsforschung l?sst sich mittels eines Verfahrens „loser Kopplung“ schlagen. Auf der Ebene einer organisationssoziologischen Analyse lassen sich organisationstypische Varianzen des diskursanalytisch untersuchten „Drehbuchwissens“ feststellen. Verschiedene Organisationen nutzen dieses Wissensangebot auf verschiedene Weise. über die Singularit?t und Partikularit?t des Einzelfalles hinausgehend lassen sie sich in die Typologie von „Bürokratie“, „Clan“ und „Markt“ einbetten. In dieser Typologie nimmt das P?dagogische systematisch unterschiedliche Positionen ein. Die Position des „F?rderns und Entwickelns“ l?sst sich dem Organisationstypus „Markt“ zuordnen. Auf der Ebene eines diskursanalytischen Konstruktivismus hat die Organisation den Stellenwert des Ortes, an dem die Norm sich ausstellen kann.     

Zwischen Bildungsaufstieg und Karriere Studienperspektiven „nicht-traditioneller Studierender“

This contribution looks at a series of qualitative and quantitative investigations on the study success and study behavior of so-called non-traditional students. Of particular interest are two aspects: the combination of qualitative and quantitative findings, which are mutually complementary and in a sense present plausible corrections for one-sided observations, and controlled observations over a long period of time, as the first studies were carried out within the framework of an international study in 1998 and the last one within the framework of a project sponsored by the German Research Foundation (DFG) in 2007. This longer time period certainly increases the plausibility of the cautious diagnoses made, which attempt to capture the relevant changes in this field of research. Such mixed methods research (Derzin 1970, 1989; Flick 1992) – i.e. the link between quantitative and qualitative research and survey methods often termed “triangulation” (cf. Prein/Kelle/Kluge 1993; Flick 1995) – has the advantage that a complex field of research can be scanned using different instruments and through a type of “convergence model” (Jacob 2001) the data won from different methods can be used to mutually validate the results. The qualitative material used in this study comes from theoretical sampling (cf. Glaser 1965; Strauss/Corbin 1996) of data from six German higher education institutions from two points in time (1998 and 2005; n=2x c. 400 surveyed respondents). The quantitative analysis, which was especially carried out for our study, profits from the fact that 2500 interested people responded to our recruitment search for biographic-narrative interviews. This group of people was then asked to participate in a special online survey in 2007 – a cooperative initiative in which around one third of the initial respondents took part. That does, however, mean that the quantitative study is not representative. Our overall research design remains complex, but retains an exploratory character     

Positionierungen zu „Elite“ und „Exzellenz“ in gymnasialen Bildungsregionen – Eine „Gretchenfrage“ für Schulleiter exklusiver Gymnasien?

Looking at two urban higher education regions, in this paper we investigate the question of which positions head teachers of “exclusive” German gymnasiums adopt with regard to concepts such as ‘elite’, ‘excellence’ and thus also to schools’ attempts to distinguish their own profiles in the education system, all the while bearing in mind the context of public discourses about ‘elite’ and ‘excellence’. In doing so, we reconstruct four modes of dealing with the elite concept. All of these modes—even the most positive references—show that for “exclusive” German Gymnasiums the term ‘elite’ is precariously situated, associated as it is with a considerable need for legitimation. By contrast, it is not problematic to refer to a meritocratic elite concept that involves functional academic and leadership elites in the sense of excellence. On the other hand, any association of these upper secondary schools with power, financial and business elites does seem highly problematic and is vehemently rejected. This clear rejection occurs—and this is the central thesis of this article—because otherwise meritocracy itself, as the hegemonic academic form of legitimation, would be threatened to its very core.     

Amerikanische „Elitehochschulen“

The system of higher education in the USA comprises the undergraduate programs of the colleges and the graduate programs in research universities. This distinction has no equivalent in Germany. The idea of elite education is connected exclusively with the colleges. Its meaning and functions are demonstrated with an analysis of the criteria which are used for the ranking of higher education institutions. The ranking of the colleges is addressed to the students and is based on indicators, which give expression above all to the educational priorities of the students and the alumni. The ranking of the graduate programs focuses on specific academic programs and is addressed to the members of the various academic fields and to their prospective students. A few rankings cover whole educational institutions and serve to inform the higher educational management. We use these data to identity the specifics of outstanding research universities and their role in American higher education.     

„Vom Nutzen und Vorteil der Historien für das Leben. “Vorreden und Einleitungen zu deutschen Geschichten der Pädagogik des 19. Jahrhunderts

Wie die historiographische Forschung gezeigt hat, lassen sich die deutschen Geschichten der Pädagogik des 19. Jahrhunderts durch die Elemente ?Personalismus“, ?Eklektizismus“, ?Kanonisierung“ und ?Nationalismus“ kennzeichnen. Ausgehend von diesem Befund wird an den besonders und von alters her programmatischen Einleitungen untersucht, wie die Geschichten der Bildung des 19. Jahrhunderts sich selbst rechtfertigen: Was heißt und zu welchem Ende studiert man überhaupt die Geschichte der Pädagogik? Welche ?Selbstwahrnehmung“ lassen die Vorreden zu den Geschichten der Bildung des 19. Jahrhunderts erkennen?     

„Wirtschaftsseminare für Lehrer“ in West-Berlin

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

„Alles Verstehen ist daher immer zugleich ein Nicht-Verstehen“

Zusammenfassung Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags steht die Frage, was Humboldts Theorie des Verstehens im Blick auf die Herausforderung der Erziehungswissenschaft durch die zunehmende sprachlich-kulturelle Pluralit?t moderner Gesellschaften zu leisten vermag. Zur Kl?rung dieser Frage wird zun?chst Humboldts hermeneutische Auffassung des Verstehens als Methode der historischen Forschung er?rtert (1), um dann die Bedeutung seiner Sprachtheorie für eine Konzeption des Verstehens als grundlegender Form menschlichen Welt-und Selbstbezugs zu rekonstruieren (2) und im Blick auf eine Theorie interkultureller Bildung zu interpretieren (3). Die zentralle These lautet, dass Humboldts Auffassung der Sprachen als je verschiedener Weltansichten seiner Konzeption des Verstehens insofern eine entscheidende Wendung gibt, als darin die Vielfalt der Sprachen nicht nur als MLoglichkeitsbedingung, sondern zugleich auch als Grenze interkulturellen Verstehens begriffen wird. Sofern Bildung mit Humboldt als Transformation der eigenen Weltansicht durch die Auseinandersetzung mit fremden Sprachen gefasst werden kann, stellt diese Grenze des Verstehens auch eine unhintergehbare Bedingung von )interkultureller) Bildung dar.

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Summary „All understanding is simultaneously a noncomprehension — Wilhelm von Humboldt’s contribution to hermeneutic and its significance for a theory of intercultural education” At the centre of this paper lies the question of what Humboldt’s theory of understanding has to offer in terms of the challenges facing educational sciences as a result of increasing linguistic cultural plurality in modern society. To clarify this question, Humboldt’s concept of understanding will be discussed as a historical research method (1). His theory of language will then be reconstructed as a concept, which views understanding as a fundamental form of human world-and self-reflection (2) and interpreted from the perspective of a theory of intercultural education (3). The main argument is that Humboldt’s view of languages as different world views gives this concept of understanding a decisive turn, since the multiplicity of languages is not only seen as a facilitating condition, but equally as the boundary of intercultural understanding. As far as education can be seen with Humboldt as a transformation of one’s own world-view through confrontation with foreign languages, this boundary of understanding is also an unavoidable condition for (intercultural) education.

     

Testgütekriterien der „Profilanalyse nach Grießhaber“. Evaluation eines Verfahrens zur Erfassung grammatischer Fähigkeiten von ein- und mehrsprachigen Grundschulkindern

A diagnostic goal of the “Profile analysis according to Grießhaber” is the assessment of the grammatical ability to place verbs in German sentences in the correct syntactical position. To evaluate the test quality for the first time, 403 monolingual and multilingual primary school children were randomly assigned to three different test materials: Test material that specifically stimulated the target competence led to the best test results. This indicates a low objectivity of application. In addition, ceiling effects for primary school children were detected, which means that the profile analysis can only slightly differentiate among the grammatical abilities of the children. Retest reliability and objectivity of analysis are also too small. In summary, the test quality of the assessment tool should be improved with respect to all of the test quality criteria considered. Hence, we recommend standardizing the profile analysis better and adding more sensitive diagnostic criteria for primary school aged children. Other aspects of profile analysis, for example the improvement of diagnostic competencies of teachers, are recommended for future research.     

Das „Europäische Forum Alpbach”

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Profil und Erträge von evangelischen und katholischen Schulen

In diesem Beitrag wird das konzeptionelle Profil von evangelischen und katholischen Schulen beschrieben und es werden diese Schulen mit solchen in ?ffentlicher Tr?gerschaft hinsichtlich ausgew?hlter Bildungs- und Sozialisationsertr?ge verglichen. Anhand der in PISA 2000-E aufgenommenen Schulen in kirchlichter Tr?gerschaft untersuchen wir, inwieweit sich das konzeptionelle Profil dieser Schulen in schulischen Effekten zeigt. Dabei werden Rekrutierungseffekte erfasst, was einen Blick auf die Effizienz der Schulen erm?glicht. Anders als bisher vor dem Hintergrund der Schuleffizienzforschung angenommen, gelingt es diesen Schulen, ihren konzeptionellen Anspruch zumindest in Teilbereichen (Kompetenzvermittlung, Schulklima) umzusetzen. Keine Effekte zeigen sich hinsichtlich der Lernmotivation und des sozialen Lernens.     

Mitgliederversammlung der „Association Internationale des Universités“, Istanbul,September 1955

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zur Bedeutung von „Raum“ in Organisationen Allgemeiner Erwachsenenbildung – Ergebnisse einer qualitativ-rekonstruktiven Studie

Against the background of discourses concerning regional educational landscapes and the increasing interest in theoretical constructs of “space” in educational theory, this article addresses the question of how educational spaces are collectively understood in adult education organizations. This question is examined through a qualitative reconstructive study. Data sources for the study include group discussions and interviews from nine general adult education organizations chosen through theoretical sampling. The data analysis was conducted using a documentary interpretation method. The results indicate that the organizations studied reveal perspectives of educational spaces that differ along lines of territorial and experiential understanding. The concluding discussion provides hypotheses concerning possible connections between socio-economic structures and a territorial understanding of space and between the organizational or subject matter constitution of organizations and an experiential understanding of space.     

Vergleichsarbeiten und schulische Personalentwicklung – Ausmaß und Voraussetzungen der Datennutzung

The introduction of comparative tests in a low-stakes system was carried out in the expectation that the data feedback to schools would act as a stimulus for the development of the schools and the standard of classroom teaching. By contrast with the use of data to develop teaching, the use of data for personnel development has not yet been studied in Germany. On the basis of an on-line survey of head teachers and a paper-and-pencil survey of teaching staff, the study examines for the first time the extent to which comparative test data is used by head teachers for personnel development and as a means to plan in-service training in subject conferences, and what factors influence whether the data is used in this way. Of the head teacher characteristics which were studied (attitude in relation to the perceived usefulness of the data, qualifications, organisation and age of the head teacher), usefulness is the only characteristic which has a positive effect on the use of the data. The use of comparative test data to plan in-service training in subject conferences is positively influenced by data-wise leadership by the head teacher and by collaborative evaluation.     

Kompetent und beliebt?

Peer popularity is a relevant aspect of well-being and academic success. Amongst other impact factors self-concept and academic achievement are predictive for peer popularity. The present study focuses on the correlation of students’ grades, competencies and self-concepts in mathematics and reading to perceived peer popularity. Against the background of gender stereotypes with respect to the domains mathematics and reading, we hypothesized differential relationships with boys’ and girls’ perceived popularity. In a sample from the National Educational Panel Study of grade five students (N = 4427) from lower (Hauptschule), middle (Realschule) and highest (Gymnasium) track schools, we conducted a multiple group comparison. The results showed similar relationships for both girls and boys in all three school forms. There was a correlation of students’ grades in mathematics and of their verbal self-evaluation with their perceived peer popularity. However, grades in language arts (i.?e. German), domain-specific competencies and mathematical self-concept were not related to perceived popularity. Results suggest that high verbal self-concept is positively associated with high self-assurance in social situations and in communication situations and that mathematics is regarded as more difficult and cognitively challenging compared to language arts.     

Zukünftige Lehrpersonen und das Medienhandeln von Kindern und Jugendlichen

Kindern und Jugendlichen in der Schule den Erwerb von medienbezogenen Qualifikationen zu erm?glichen, ist in Deutschland seit langem in vielen Richtlinien und Lehrpl?nen als Ziel verankert. Die vorliegende Studie geht im Rahmen einer Pilotstudie an der Universit?t Paderborn der Frage nach, welche Kenntnisse und Annahmen zukünftige Lehrpersonen über das Medienhandeln von Kindern und Jugendlichen, über dessen Einflüsse und über die Aufgaben von Schule im Medienzusammenhang besitzen (N = 173). Die Skalen wurden theorie geleitet auf der Basis eines Modells medienp?dagogischer Kompetenz von Lehrpersonen entwickelt. Die Ergebnisse machen deutlich, dass die Kenntnisse und Annahmen der Lehramtsstudierenden Defizite bzw. Probleme aufweisen, die eine Integration von medienp?dagogischen Lehrangeboten in die Lehrerausbildung notwendig erscheinen lassen.     

Inklusion – Interdisziplinäre Kritik und Perspektiven von Begriff und Gegenstand

The term and schope ‘inclusion’ features prominently in public, political and pedagogical discussion. However, from an academic point in view there is neither a clear understanding of the term, nor it is clarified how the partially contradictory ideas of inclussion as a social principle and inclusion in its realisation in the field of education are related to one another. The article clarifies the term of inclusion by an interdisciplinary academic reflection of the normative settings and single patterns of logic. Therefore, the relationship between ideal and the reality is elaborated by referring to an ethical and philosophical body of thought. Then educational theory is used to reconsider how inclusive principle of the school system can be understood. Finally, implementation measures of the inclusive principle and the aporia linked with them are discussed, amongst others referring to discourses in sociology, school pedagogy and school psychology. Academic perspectives and profession-related implications are discussed using the example of teacher education.     

“Wege” und “Ziele”: Starke Metaphern der Pädagogik

In 1960 Israel Scheffler analyzed “The Language of Education”. Since then not very much is written concerning this subject, especially not in the field of history of education. But first of all “education” is a historical language that is used in popular and scientific contexts. The article tries to analyze some basic terms of this historical language of education. The notion “education”–educare–itself is a sort of frozen metaphor that is all too often supposed to be a “real” or “immediate” field of experience But experience in education can only be communicated by use of the language of education.