论早期教育中的游戏与教学

早期教育领域一直存在两种不同的游戏取向,一种是文化传播或文化定位取向,一种是生成式或响应式取向.在早期教育领域,儿童自由与教师掌控之间的矛盾一直难以解决.教师可以采用综合教学法,增加教师与儿童共同建构知识的可能性.     

早期教育的文化分析

伴随着文化发展的脚步，人们愈加清楚地认识到早期教育对于个体发展和社会进步的重要性。但传统文化与现代文明的冲突导致了早期教育的误区：传统的教育价值观与当前早期教育目标的高期望值；传统的思维方式与早期教育内容的片面化；传统的权威化价值取向与早期教育实施过程的强迫性。走出早期教育误区的关键是树立正确的儿童观。     

提升教师领导能力:幼儿园教师专业发展的新思维

教师领导是近年来学校领导研究与教师教育研究的热点问题之一.在早期教育领域实施教师领导有助于提高早期教育的专业地位、促进教师专业发展,最终促进儿童的发展.正确认识教师领导、提高教师领导的能力、创设合作团队、与家长合作并建立良好的公众关系是落实教师领导的有效策略.     

美国教师教育课程价值取向的转型

美国教师教育课程经历了从知识取向、能力取向、标准取向向儿童学习结果取向的转型。前三种价值取向是以未来教师为中心,强调其基本教学知识与技能的掌握;后一种取向是以儿童的学习与发展为中心,用儿童学习结果来评价教师教育课程及未来教师的有效性,以确保教师教育的质量。这一转型对我国教师教育发展具有重要借鉴价值。     

美国幼儿教师教育标准对我国幼儿教师专业发展的启示

一、美国幼儿教师教育标准概述 （一）美国幼儿教师教育五项核心标准 美国幼儿教师教育标准是全美幼儿教育协会（The National Association for the Education of Young Children,简称NAEYC）开发的。全美幼儿教育协会为培养幼儿职业从业人员的高等教育计划设计指南,美国幼儿职业的从业者包括儿童早期教育专业人员、儿童早期教育者、儿童早期教师、儿童早期教育助教、儿童早期教育预备教师、助手、指导者、     

儿童绘画能力的塑造与培养

儿童时期的绘画教育,是早期教育必不可少的重要组成部分,是一种有益于儿童身心发展的启蒙教育。儿童绘画能力的提高与教师的恰当指导密不可分。如果教师在上课时采取的方法得当,就会在课堂上收到事半功倍的效果。     

早期教育的文化分析

早期教育主要是指从初生到６岁儿童的教育 ,这是培养人的活动的第一步 ,对人的成长更具有特殊的重要意义。在当前形势下 ,以文化的角度分析教育现象 ,有利于更好地克服早期教育领域中的弊端 ,提高育人质量 ,为培养出跨世纪的现代化人才奠定良好的基础。一、伴随着文化发展的脚步 ,人们愈加清楚地认识到早期教育对于个体发展和社会进步的重要性文化的内涵深刻 ,外延宽泛 ,它几乎涵盖了社会生活的各个方面 ,包括了物质文化、制度文化和精神文化。教育作为一种社会现象 ,与社会生活的各个领域 ,也同样有着千丝万缕的联系 ,因此 ,文化与教育是相…     

精神运动学视野下特殊儿童早期教育的游戏统整

当前幼儿园特殊儿童早期教育实践领域存在生物医学模式。精神运动学游戏观倡导通过身体运动游戏对特殊儿童心理产生作用,进而促进其全面人格的发展。幼儿园特殊儿童早期教育借鉴精神运动学思想进行游戏统整。游戏是整合特殊儿童早期教育目标体系的重要桥梁;游戏是构建特殊儿童早期教育情境的重要载体;游戏是联通特殊儿童与普通幼儿之早期教育策...     

我国0-3岁儿童早期教育实践研究综述

0-3岁儿童早期教育是教育研究中的新兴领域。本研究对我国35年来在0-3岁儿童早期教育领域的代表性文献进行了深度研读,根据时间顺序将我国0-3岁儿童早期教育实践研究发展过程中的35篇代表性文献进行了分阶段综述和分析,对我国0-3岁儿童早期教育实践研究的重要结论与发展规律进行了总结。     

当代美国早期保育与教育发展趋势及其启示

随着全球化竞争的加剧,美国社会对早期保育与教育项目的期待不断更新和提升,美国传统的幼教价值观和幼教系统受到了挑战。美国早期教育领域未来的发展趋势是:在促进儿童发展适宜性实践的框架里定义和提升儿童学业成就;在保持早期教育独特性的前提下与初等教育有效合作;在提升早期教育质量中促进儿童学习机会的公平。借鉴美国的经验,我国学前教育的发展要注意通过对话保持社会期待和儿童适宜发展间的平衡;将树立现代儿童观作为首要任务;把提升教师专业水平作为合理回应社会期待的关键。     

Knowledge Orientations of Prospective Early Childhood Teachers: A Study of Students' Scientific Versus Subjective Orientations in Teacher Education Courses in Germany

Recent changes in the system of early childhood teacher education in Germany raise the question of whether different academic levels of early childhood teacher education lead to different beliefs and orientations. In this study, prospective early childhood teachers' orientations to scientific knowledge and to research were explored. A questionnaire addressing orientations to the utility of research, educational and psychological theories versus orientations to intuitive theories and personal experience was completed by 712 prospective early childhood teachers. In a latent profile analysis, two types of orientation profiles could be identified: (a) an orientation towards subjective theories, lay theories, and subjective experience, and (b) an orientation towards scientific theories and research results. Results are discussed from the perspective of professionalization in early childhood teacher education.     

Educating the Child‐centred Practitioner: Innovations and dilemmas

The education of child‐centered early childhood practitioners involves issues of content, pedagogy, relationships and context. Recent insights on the nature of child‐centered teaching generated by collaborative research with teachers, has highlighted its complexity and suggests that new ways of thinking about teacher education are needed. But developing a more learner‐centered approach to early childhood teacher education will be difficult, given the instrumentalist orientation in many institutions and in societies at large. This paper discusses the broad issues surrounding the development of a more learner‐centered approach to early childhood teacher education and describes several initiatives the authors have been involved in, in Australia and the United States.     

Diversity Competencies within Early Childhood Teacher Preparation: Innovative Practices and Future Directions

With classrooms becoming increasingly diverse due to children’s various cultural backgrounds and varying abilities, early childhood teacher education programs face the challenge of how best to prepare the workforce. Various initiatives have been implemented in teacher preparation programs to prepare early childhood educators to become competent in relating to all children and families. Infusing components of diversity into all courses and field experiences and engaging in community–university partnerships, as well as unifying early childhood education (ECE) and early childhood special education (ECSE) program components, are promising practices for the field. An examination and evaluation of these initiatives are discussed in this article, as well as future directions for research and practice.     

Preparing early childhood educators for global education: the implications of prior learning

This paper outlines the increasing cultural diversity of Australia’s education settings and explicates the global education movement and the new Australian Early Years Learning Framework. It discusses the implication of these factors for early childhood education practice and early childhood teacher education. The key research question considered in this paper is what prior learnings do early childhood educators utilise to consider global education? Data are presented on a research project that explores the prior learning of pre‐service early childhood educators at a major Australian university. The paper shows that, unlike primary and secondary pre‐service teachers, most early childhood education pre‐service teachers have significant professional experiences in educational settings. These prior experiences have a significant impact on pre‐service early childhood educators’ knowledge, beliefs and attitudes in the area of global education and align strongly with the global education curriculum movement and new national curriculum.     

Relations of Early Childhood Education Teachers’ Depressive Symptoms,Job-Related Stress,and Professional Motivation to Beliefs About Children and Teaching Practices

Research Findings: This study used teacher questionnaires to investigate the relationships of early childhood education teachers’ depressive symptoms, professional motivation, and job-related stress to their beliefs about children and teaching practices. Teachers (N = 207) were recruited from early childhood education programs in the southern United States. Path analyses showed that teachers who exhibited fewer depressive symptoms were more likely to have a career orientation to their jobs and indicated feeling less job-related stress. Teachers with a career orientation to their jobs were also more likely to have child-centered beliefs and endorse developmentally appropriate teaching practices. Teachers’ job-related stress, however, was not related to beliefs about children or teaching practices. Practice or Policy: These results suggest that teachers’ psychological and job-related well-being are linked to their beliefs about children and teaching practice in early childhood education. It is therefore important to provide support systems and preventive programs for teachers to enhance their well-being.     

Developing cultural humility through experiential learning: How home visits transform early childhood preservice educators’ attitudes for engaging families

Research calls for teacher education to prepare early childhood educators for the needs of diverse and marginalized young children and their families in the U.S. With an increasing cultural divide between teachers and students, some early childhood educators may demonstrate limited understanding for how diverse cultural, linguistic, racial, and socioeconomic backgrounds inform the daily functions of families of young children. In this article, we examine how the use of experiential learning vis-à-vis conducting a home visit with a family from a diverse and marginalized background can shape early childhood preservice teachers’ (PST) development of cultural humility, an important component of cultural competence. During this experiential learning, PSTs engaged in critically reflective practices to uncover and challenge their implicit biases. While discovering the strengths and challenges among their home visit families, PSTs also learned what they had in common with the families. PSTs noted how the home visit process informed their work as future early childhood educators.     

Re-envisioning the Role of Universities in Early Childhood Teacher Education: Community Partnerships for 21st-Century Learning

Despite contrasting views on the overlap of early childhood education and teacher education, opportunities abound for expanding the role of early childhood educators in broader teacher education discourse. University-based early childhood education and kindergarten-through-grade-12 teacher education share purposes, philosophies, and resources that should be explored to more effectively address the needs of diverse young children and their families. Community partnerships and a shift toward community-based teacher preparation present a context and opportunity for exploring the overlap of these two historically separate fields. In this article, we present a framework for collaborative, field-based early childhood teacher preparation, situating birth-though-grade-12 teacher education in diverse community contexts and involving school and community personnel to achieve universal 21^st-century goals for the teaching and learning of young children.     

The Relationship Between Preservice Early Childhood Teachers’ Cultural Values and their Perceptions of Scientists’ Cultural Values

This paper describes research that compares preservice early childhood teachers’ cultural values and the values they believe are held by scientists. Using the Schwartz Values Inventory (SVI) (Schwartz (1992) Adv Exp Soc Psychol 25:331–351) preservice early childhood teachers cultural values were assessed, followed by an assessment of the values they believed were held by scientists. Schwartz postulated that cultural values could be aggregated into 11 domains (universalism, benevolence, tradition, self-direction, stimulation, hedonism, achievement, power, conformity, spirituality, and security). Paired T-tests indicated significant differences between preservice early childhood teachers’ cultural values from those they believed scientists held on the domains of power, achievement, stimulation, benevolence, conformity, and security. The discussion explores the meaning of these results and provides implications for early childhood science teacher education.     

Research on Early Childhood Teacher Education: Evidence From Three Domains and Recommendations for Moving Forward

It is essential that a solid research base be established to provide a foundation that will enable the field of early childhood teacher education to examine whether, for whom, and in what ways teacher education matters. The purpose of this article is to review several important domains in early childhood teacher education to illustrate the characteristics, key features, and significant gaps in current research, and to identify the kinds of research that are most needed to enhance the impact of early childhood teacher education. We conclude by identifying five crosscutting research priorities and describing what is needed to create a supportive environment that produces—and implements—early childhood teacher education research.