吸收能力、知识产权风险与产品创新绩效

本文在获取能力、消化能力、转化能力与开发能力这四个维度的层面上,探索吸收能力与产品创新绩效之间的关系,通过引入作为调节变量的知识产权风险,构建了新的理论分析框架。基于来自228个样本的数据,使用结构方程模型(SEM)对该理论分析框架进行验证。研究发现,知识产权风险对吸收能力的四个维度与产品创新绩效之间的关系都具有调节作用。该结论解释了现有研究结论不一致的原因,也为企业提升产品创新绩效、国家建立健全知识产权保护法律体系提供了理论依据。     

创造性思维与新产品开发

通过分析创造性思维的含义、形式、思维过程及新产品的概念、开发程序，论述了创造性思维与新产品开发之间的密切关系。     

Absorptive capacity and the search for innovation

This paper examines the link between a firm's absorptive capacity-building activities and the search process for innovation. We propose that the enhanced access to university research enjoyed by firms that engage in basic research and collaborate with university scientists leads to superior search for new inventions and provides advantage in terms of both the timing and quality of search outcomes. Results based on a panel data of pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms support these contentions and suggest that the two research activities are mutually beneficial, but also uncover intriguing differences that suggest differing roles of internally and externally developed knowledge.     

Absorptive capacity: a proposed operationalization

The concept of absorptive capacity has already been considerably studied from a theoretical perspective, but few, if any, attempts at operationalizing the concept have been studied in ways that would allow its full assessment. The more specific focus provided by the four dimensions identified in some recent literature – acquisition, assimilation, transformation and exploitation – opens up some promising avenues for operationalizing the concept. This exploratory research studies and describes case studies of ten innovative companies using a cross-sectional research design. In the first part of the article, we re-examine the concept of absorptive capacity in terms of dynamic capabilities and provide a review of the relevant literature. The second part describes the work accomplished to operationalize the concept of dynamic capability and analyses the possible relationship between the business strategies adopted by the companies studied and their particular strategic capacity.     

Information inputs to new product planning and development

For more and more firms product innovation is becoming the key to survival and future growth. Successful product innovation cannot be based only upon inspiration, fantasy and random ideas; in most firms a purposeful and systematic approach also is required. Information is a key concept in this context. As product innovation activities are very different from day-to-day activities, a special information system is required.Based on an in-depth study of a large firm, it appears that systematic innovation requires: (a) a sound business concept with future oriented strategies and policies; (b) a competent staff who master the necessary tools; (c) an efficient organization with an appropriate information system; (d) relevant methods for diversification studies and product planning; and (e) development of individual products based on systematical provision of information about user needs and proper specification of requirements.In small firms innovations are based more on the entrepreneurial approach. Such firms often demonstrate a very innovative attitude, but many of them are hampered by lack of skills in marketing and management. They also lack supporting services which can provide information about the environment.Considering the importance of small firms in economic development and social progress, they should be given support in their innovative attempts. This can be done by organizing innovation centers which arrange studies, develop courses, and give practical assistance to firms engaged in innovative work. Governments should develop policies and provide information stimulating both small and large firms to innovations that are more desirable from a social point of view.     

Absorptive capacity and knowledge management in small and medium enterprises

Studies on knowledge management have generated an awareness that it is fundamentally important for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to be able to exploit sources of knowledge outside the firm by means of external relationships, but this understanding has not been followed up by an adequate theoretical and empirical research effort to analyse the role of relationships in an SME’s knowledge management processes. The present contribution first sketches this gap on the grounds of the available literature reviews. Then it proposes a framework – focusing the concept of absorptive capacity – with a view to filling this theoretical gap. Finally, based on the proposed framework, two specific topics of considerable importance to SMEs are discussed: (i) how capabilities are developed in the start-up phase of a new venture; and (ii) knowledge processes in geographical clusters.     

新产品开发中的动态平台战略

产品平台是连接企业能力与市场需求的关键环节。企业在新产品开发中采用平台战略能以低成本快速满足多样化的市场需求。本文首先揭示从能力到产品平台、到产品族、到市场、直至企业绩效的内在逻辑过程。然后阐释动态平台战略，即基于产品族、产品平台和企业能力的动态更迭。这些动态更迭是企业获得持续竞争优势的关键。最后，本文以四川长虹为例说明动态平台战略的有效性。     

Short-term economic incentives in new product development

This study investigates the use of variable compensation to motivate new product development managers and its impact upon the performance of new product development projects. Using data from 56 projects, the paper examines how technology-intensive firms compensate their product development managers. The study finds a positive and significant relationship between the use of short-term economic incentives and project performance; however, the slope of this relationship is not linear and its intensity (slope) decreases as the percentage of variable compensation increases; furthermore, the relationship is contingent on the level of project uncertainty. The results also indicate that higher project uncertainty is associated with a lower level of variable compensation. Moreover, organizational structure, through its effect upon the allocation of uncertainty among organizational participants, also affects the level of variable compensation.     

技术转移、新产品开发与企业绩效

本文聚焦中国情境下制造业和高新技术企业的新产品开发过程，研究合作伙伴间两种不同的技术转移方式对技术接受企业绩效的影响，并探索新产品创新性及新产品开发速度在其中扮演的中介作用。同时，引入实际吸收能力作为调节变量，从而构建了本研究理论模型。之后，运用249家企业的调研数据进行模型验证，并采用AMOS和SPSS软件进行数据分析。研究结果表明，相对于技术交流而言，技术转移对新产品开发速度及企业绩效的正向影响均更加显著。相对于技术转移而言，技术交流对新产品创新性的正向影响更加显著。新产品创新性在技术交流与企业绩效之间起中介作用。新产品开发速度在技术转移与企业绩效之间起中介作用。同时，实际吸收能力增强了新产品创新性对技术交流与企业绩效的中介效应。     

技术转移、新产品开发与企业绩效

本文聚焦中国情境下制造业和高新技术企业的新产品开发过程,研究合作伙伴间两种不同的技术转移方式对技术接受企业绩效的影响,并探索新产品创新性及新产品开发速度在其中扮演的中介作用。同时,引入实际吸收能力作为调节变量,从而构建了本研究理论模型。之后,运用249家企业的调研数据进行模型验证,并采用AMOS和SPSS软件进行数据分析。研究结果表明,相对于技术交流而言,技术转移对新产品开发速度及企业绩效的正向影响均更加显著。相对于技术转移而言,技术交流对新产品创新性的正向影响更加显著。新产品创新性在技术交流与企业绩效之间起中介作用。新产品开发速度在技术转移与企业绩效之间起中介作用。同时,实际吸收能力增强了新产品创新性对技术交流与企业绩效的中介效应。     

知识管理在新产品开发中的挑战

对于新产品开发领域中知识管理所面临的挑战进行系统阐述,并且对其未来的可能发展方向提出见解。     

新产品开发网络集成模型

本文在描述新产品开发基本流程基础上,依据"阶-门"模型设计思想,设计了一种新产品开发网络集成模型。该模型通过顾客交互、研发流程和数据集合三层体系结构不仅体现了对现代计算机、通信网络及数据库前沿技术的应用,而且是对"以顾客为中心"的现代市场化经营理念和新产品开发各种资源的综合利用。该模型能够进一步改善研发流程,并有效地缩短新产品开发周期。     

动态能力、双元学习与新产品开发绩效

基于动态能力和组织学习理论,本文以双元学习为调节变量,构建了技术能力、营销能力影响新产品开发绩效的理论模型,并提出相应假设。213家中国企业的实证结果表明,技术能力、营销能力与新产品开发绩效的关系因学习方式的不同而有所差异。而且,双元学习平衡对于技术能力和营销能力的效用具有相反的调节作用。     

知识吸收能力、组织记忆与创新绩效的关系研究

研究知识吸收能力对组织记忆及企业创新绩效的影响,建立相关的理论模型并提出研究假设。选择217家知识密集型企业,运用结构方程模型进行实证检验,路径分析结果显示,过程性组织记忆在现实吸收能力影响企业创新绩效的过程中起部分中介作用,而陈述性组织记忆未能起到中介作用。潜在吸收能力仅能对企业陈述性组织记忆产生影响,现实吸收能力既能够促进企业陈述性组织记忆又能够促进过程性组织记忆。     

基于HHM的新产品开发风险分析

研究新产品开发中风险识别问题,应用层次全息模型建立了新产品开发风险层次全息模型.利用双准则序数风险矩阵对风险进行评级与过滤,并对两个新产品开发实例进行风险分析.最后经过风险系统评估对风险分析过程进行优化,给出了新产品开发风险分析全过程.     

基于技术遗传特性的新产品开发研究

摘要：生物界中,遗传与变异现象十分普遍,没有遗传,物种就不可能延续,没有变异,物种就不可能进化。技术也具有遗传特性,依照生物遗传与变异法则,产品开发可由现有技术在遗传与变异的基础上迅速得到。本文结合遗传学、生物学、进化论的相关理论分析了新产品开发中技术的遗传特性,探讨了新产品开发中技术的演变规律以及新产品开发路径。     

Absorptive capacity and the reach of collaboration in high technology small firms

The current paper is concerned with exploring the role of absorptive capacity in extending the reach of innovation-related collaboration in high technology small firms. Drawing on survey data from a sample of 316 Dutch high-tech small firms, engaged in 1245 collaborations, we explore the relationship between R&D expenditure and distance to collaboration partners. In general terms, we find most partners to be ‘local’. However, controlling for a variety of potential influences, higher R&D expenditure is positively related to collaboration with more distant organizations. The implications of our results for policy, practice and future research are discussed.     

Absorptive capacity for need knowledge: Antecedents and effects for employee innovativeness

Innovation occurs when knowledge about unmet customer needs intersects with knowledge about technological solutions. Both knowledge types are often located outside the firm and need to be absorbed in order for innovation to occur. While there has been extensive research into absorptive capacity for solution knowledge, a necessary complement ? absorptive capacity for new customer needs ? has been neglected. In an individual-level study of 864 employees from a home appliance firm, we show that need absorptive capacity is theoretically and empirically distinct from solution absorptive capacity, and that both are positively associated with employee innovativeness. Interestingly, we find asymmetric extra-domain effects: prior solution knowledge is positively related to need absorptive capacity (cross-pollination effect), while prior need knowledge is negatively related to solution absorptive capacity (attenuation effect). We contrast the cognitive underpinnings of the two absorptive capacity types, contributing to emerging scholarly thinking on the domain-specificity and micro foundations of absorptive capacity.     

人力资本专用性、技术创新能力与新产品开发绩效关系研究——基于创新类型的实证分析

 探索专用性程度不同的人力资本对突破性创新能力和渐进性创新能力的影响、两种不同的技术创新能力对新产品开发绩效的影响以及专用性程度不同的人力资本在创新能力与绩效之间的调节作用。以我国157家企业为样本,以企业规模、R&D投入、环境的不确定性、需求不确定性和竞争强度作为控制变量,构建理论模型并进行检验。研究结果表明：人力资本的专用性越强,渐进性产品创新能力而非突破性产品创新能力越强。然而人力资本专用性较弱并不负面影响突破性产品创新能力对新产品绩效的效果,相反,对于渐进性产品创新能力来说,弱专用性人力资本有利于新产品绩效而强专用性人力资本不利于新产品绩效。     

企业-顾客在线互动、知识共创与新产品开发绩效

构建了企业-顾客在线互动、知识共创与新产品开发绩效的关系模型,并对浙江省内样本新产品开发项目的问卷调查数据进行结构方程模型分析。研究发现:企业-顾客在线互动的信息导向和任务导向互动,对外向型、内向型知识共创及新产品开发绩效均有显著正向影响;关系导向互动对外向型知识共创有显著正向影响;外向型和内向型知识共创对新产品开发绩效均有显著正向影响。