我国智慧政府信息协同网络结构识别与分析

智慧政府是电子政务的下一代更迭,受到各国的广泛关注。智慧政府可以通过各部门间的信息协同提升城市运行管理的效率。当前对智慧政府信息协同的研究主要集中于研究智慧政府信息协同的机制,少有对智慧政府信息协同网络结构现状进行识别与分析的研究。本文采用命名实体识别的方法基于目标数据源(智慧政府相关政策文件)中识别出的中国智慧政府信息协同网络的节点(政府部门)数据及节点关系(各个政府部门间的信息协同关系)数据,得到中国智慧政府信息协同网络结构,并对这些数据进行可视化处理。在此基础上采用社会网络分析中的度中心性方法,把各个节点按其对整个网络影响力的强弱排序;采用k-plex分析方法,识别出对整个网络具有较强影响力的节点。研究结果显示,中国智慧政府信息协同网络共包含34个节点和355组节点关系。在节点中,国务院节点对整个网络的影响力最强,中国气象局节点对整个网络的影响力最弱。在节点关系中,国家发展和改革委员会节点与国务院节点间的节点关系对整个网络具有较强的影响力,像这样具有较强影响力的节点关系共28组。本研究得到的结果可用来指导今后中国智慧政府信息协同网络优化与发展的侧重方向。     

The impact of federal IRM on agency missions: Findings,issues, and recommendations

For nearly two decades, the federal government has embraced Information Resources Management (IRM) as a philosophy, policy initiative, and management practice. During this time, IRM has undergone major management transformations within agencies and throughout the IRM policy environment. To date, however, there had been no government-wide assessment of IRM's impact on agency mission attainment, particularly through a strategic planning process. This article presents findings from a government-wide study to, in part, measure the extent to which IRM assists agencies achieve their missions and objectives, identify a general agency strategic planning model, and determine whether agency strategic planning efforts facilitate the alignment of agency business processes and information technology (IT).     

我国政府信息公开工作中的技术问题探析

剖析我国《政府信息公开条例》实施过程中需要解决的相关技术问题,指出其中的关键是目录体系建设和网站实现,最终目标是建立国内的政府信息定位系统。讨论了涉及到政府信息公开目录体系中的具体技术研究,包括信息资源分类体系、核心元数据、索引号、内容概述、目录格式等规范,相应的支撑技术、平台和工具的识别与分析,实施方案和网站实现;并分析关键技术问题,提出相应的研究思路和技术路线,得出研究结论和相应的研究建议。     

Helping the public find information the U.S. Government Information Locator Service (GILS)

As part of the National Information Infrastructure, the U.S. federal government is establishing a Government Information Locator Service (GILS). GILS will identify and describe public information resources throughout the federal government and provide assistance in obtaining the information. It will be decentralized and will supplement other agency and commercial information dissemination mechanisms. The public will use GILS directly or through intermediaries, including the Government Printing Office and the National Technical Information Service, as well as federal depository libraries, other public libraries, and private sector information services. Direct users will have access to a GILS Core accessible on the Internet without charge. Intermediate access may include kiosks, 800 numbers, electronic mail, bulletin boards, FAX, and offline media such as floppy disks, CD-ROM, and printed works. GILS will use network technology and the American National Standards Institute Z39.50 standard for information search and retrieval so that information can be retrieved in a variety of ways. Direct users may have access to many other major federal and nonfederal information resources, linkages to data systems, and electronic delivery of information products. An Office of Management and Budget Bulletin in 1994 will provide implementing guidance to agencies. The National Institute of Standards and Technology will also establish a Federal Information Processing Standard specifying a GILS Profile and its application for agencies establishing information locators.     

图情档视角下政府信息公开研究综述

《中华人民共和国政府信息公开条例》的实施使图情档学界对政府信息公开的关注达到白热化程度。基础理论研究关注《条例》本身和信息公开中知情权和隐私权的平衡与冲突,应用研究则关注政府信息目录与指南的编制和相关技术问题。图书馆参与政府信息公开的优势在于自身的公共性,最大障碍是信息收集机制不健全。而这正是档案馆工作之所长,但《条例》与档案法的冲突使档案工作者在实际档案开放利用工作中无所适从。研究的不足在于研究的深度、广度还不够,且图情与档案专业的研究各自为政,需要加强学科间的合作与对话,共同做好政府信息公开工作。     

FEDWORLD,THOMAS, AND CBDNET:: United States Federal Government Information Dissemination in the 1990s

The National Technical Information Service’s development of the FedWorld Internet site, the Library of Congress’s development of THOMAS, and the Government Printing Office’s development of CBDnet illustrate the many forces impacting federal government information dissemination in the 1990s. These forces include budgeting, congressional inconsistency, technology, political agendas, and competition. While information dissemination policy discussion and legislation, including the American Technology Preeminence Act of 1991 (the foundation for FedWorld) and the Government Printing Office Electronic Information Access Enhancement Act of 1993 (the foundation for GPO Access) aim to provide comprehensiveness and single point access to government information, the actual products developed show little coordination or cooperation among agencies. The products are agency driven, and provide multiple points of access. This highly decentralized information reality reflects the decentralized nature of the federal government itself. The reality is removed, however, from the goals of a singularly consistent federal government information dissemination policy.     

进入新世纪的美国数字图书馆进展——PITAC数字图书馆专家小组最新报告要略

美国总统信息技术顾问委员会(PITAC)的数字图书馆小组最近发布了题为“数字图书馆:获取人类知识的通道”的报告,系统分析了美国数字图书馆界的现状和面临的问题,并从4个方面对政府提出建议。     

A case study of E-governance initiatives in India

Information communication technology (ICT) in government agencies as well as educational and research institutions facilitates an efficient, speedy and transparent dissemination of information to the public and other agencies for performance of government administration activities. The importance of ICT in governance has been recognized the world over. E-governance highlights several elements of good governance such as transparency, accountability, participation, social integration, public financial management reform and development. This study is based on research and personal interviews of selected representatives of the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. The findings of this study highlight the role of Internet, particularly the World Wide Web (WWW), which has made it easier for citizens to locate and download official information and to conduct transactions. Information management agencies such as libraries and knowledge centres play a vital role in supporting transparent and accountable governance in this digital era. E-government needs to be integrated into the broader public management framework so as to make a substantial change in the government to citizen (G2C) relationship.     

The Online Government Information Movement

Abstract

The National Commission on Libraries and Information Science published recommendations for a national information policy in 1976, and concerns regarding the protection of privacy and equal public access to online information were introduced. From the mid 1970s to the early 1990s, federal government agencies were beginning to publish materials and maintain records electronically. Most current U.S. government information was available on the Internet by the late 1990s, and depository libraries were required to provide workstations that would facilitate access to documents. Documents librarians, already concerned with the lack of attention to archiving online federal information, were provided with an example of the vulnerability of online publications in the early 2000s when federal agency Web sites were made inaccessible-quickly and easily. The possibility that too much government information was available to anyone with access to the Internet was becoming a national concern. Using government documents as resources, this article retraces the events that were occurring in federal government agencies during the movement of government information to the Internet.     

Access to Australian Government information: A decade of change 1997–2007

Australia has a well-established history of access to government information and publications by citizens, much of it through libraries. The changes in the 1990s and 2000s with the move to electronic publishing and Internet access have led to significant changes in the accessibility of information. In 1997, the Australian Government framework for electronic delivery of information service was established by the report Management of Government Information as a National Strategic Resource. Since this report, there has been a rapid increase in the availability of government information, including government publications. There has also been an increased demand for public libraries to support access. The paper reviews establishment of the initial framework and changes in the past decade. Trends in production of government information, citizens' use of electronic Australian Government publications, satisfaction with online government services, and implications for libraries are analyzed.     

Federal publications cutbacks: Implications for libraries

Since President Reagan's April 1981 moratorium on new government publications and audiovisual products, the restrictions this administration has imposed on executive agency data collection and publishing activities have provoked considerable controversy both in Congress and in the media. This article attempts to characterize the impact on libraries of the restrictions. An examination of the Office of Management and Budget's List of Government Publications Terminated and Consolidated by Agency as compared with depository distribution patterns, agency publication policies established by the President's Task Force on Management Reform, and reductions in data collection activities directed by the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs are reported. A pattern of neglect in federal information collection and dissemination is shown to increase libraries' dependence on private sector publishing of government information, and to reduce the availability and comparability of certain federal statistical documentation collected by libraries.     

基于公民视角的政府信息利用问题研究

在《中华人民共和国政府信息公开条例》实施两年后,本课题组通过多种方式调研了政府信息利用现状,并对其进行分析,提出了相应对策措施。     

Information Resource Managers and E-government Effectiveness: A Survey of Texas State Agencies

This study examines the views of information resource managers (IRMs) in Texas state agencies on e-government. The existing empirical research has focused on what local governments provide in terms of e-government information and services and less on the perspectives of key e-government decision makers. This study fills this void by examining how e-government had an impact on management of state agencies. Theories and expectations are provided on what the literature argues are the most important impacts of e-government on management. Specifically, these are the reinventing government movement, external environmental pressures, resource capacity, and demographic factors. A survey of Texas state agency IRMs was administered in the late spring of 2005 and the results are reported in this study. The findings revealed that the reinventing government movement, external environmental pressures, and resource capacity were the most important factors that had an impact on e-government management capacity. In this study, the size of state agency was not found to be as important. Future research should focus more on state e-government management, an often-neglected area of research.     

U.S. government (depository items)

The new frontier of electronic access was fully explored in the past year. Government agency “gophers” proliferated on the Internet, featuring a wide variety of government information previously only available in print. Likewise, many gophers at academic institutions posted significant new government reports in a timely manner. A good example is the National Performance Review's From Red Tape to Results: Creating a Government that Works Better & Costs Less, which was posted on the Internet well before many depositories received their print copies. The one constant is that GPO (Government Printing Office) continues to issue publications containing valuable information. In addition to the National Performance Review, many other important reports were published by GPO this year, including those of the Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission, the Independent Counsel for Iran/Contra Matters, the National Commission on AIDS, and the ATF Investigation of the David Koresh/Waco incident. This list does not even mention the Clinton Administration's Health Security Act and the full depository release of the Clarence Thomas Hearings. It has been a full year. The documents included in this Notable Documents issue were received by depository libraries from midyear 1993 to midyear 1994. They were selected for their general interest, lasting value, research significance, or timeliness. Most of the documents are available from the Superintendent or from one of the GPO bookstores around the country (see Monthly Catalog for a listing). Those documents that do not list a stock number or price may be available in limited quantities from the issuing agency.     

Interorganizational collaboration and community building for the preservation of state government digital information: Lessons from NDIIPP state partnership initiative

As a part of the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP), the Library of Congress (LC), partnering with the Center for Technology in Government (CTG), launched an effort in 2005 to integrate state governmental entities into the national network to preserve born-digital information that is both significant and at risk of loss. The main theme that emerged from the efforts of LC, CTG, and the state and federal digital preservation community was the importance of partnership efforts and collaborative strategies for the preservation of state government digital information. Based on the findings of the initiative, this paper discusses challenges and opportunities regarding interorganizational collaboration and community building for digital preservation of state government information. Following the community of practice framework, it is recommended that a “state government digital information preservation community” be developed to facilitate collaboration across agencies and knowledge professionals in state governments.     

《政府信息公开条例》对公共图书馆的影响及对策

2008年5月1日开始实施的《政府信息公开条例》规定公共图书馆和档案馆共同作为政府信息公开的场所。这对公共图书馆既是机遇,也是挑战。论文阐述了《政府信息公开条例》对公共图书馆可能产生的影响,并针对性地提出公共图书馆发展的若干对策。     

Sharing results of federal R&D: A look at the department of energy's system for managing scientific and technical information

The Department of Energy's (DOE) scientific and technical information system, operational since the mid-1940s, is described as an example of the manner by which a large Federal R&D agency organizes, manages, and disseminates the information produced by its laboratories and contractor organizations. The role of the Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI) within the DOE R&D cycle and its place in the DOE information infrastructure are outlined. OSTI's activities, products, and services are described under the following headings: management and dissemination of DOE research results; access to worldwide information on energy R&D; information management and accountability systems; and information consulting and specialized services.     

《政府信息公开条例》实施背景下的图书馆对策分析

在《政府信息公开条例》实施的背景下,为了有效地发挥图书馆的作用,从政府信息的寄存、组织、服务等方面分析了图书馆应该采取的措施。     

政府信息公开制度下的图书馆作用

<政府信息公开条例>的颁布,为民众获取政府信息提供了法律依据,图书馆作为政府信息宣传的职能部门,应协同政府机构,把大量的政府信息资源为社会大众共享,发挥图书馆的作用.本文就如何充分发挥图书馆的作用提供了一些建议.     

我国政府信息公开的制约因素及对策研究

本文通过对<中华人民共和国政府信息公开条例>存在实施障碍及我国政府信息公开相关制约因素的分析,指出解决这些制约因素、障碍的对策和措施,以便更好地推进我国政府信息公开制度.