论学校制度关系与道德教育

学校是制度性存在,制度是道德的基础。学校制度关系是学校社会关系的组成,也是学校社会关系的根本。道德教育在学校社会关系中展开,道德教育过程首先并且主要是学校制度性互动的过程。制度关系与道德教育既有同质性方面,也有异质性方面,扩大同质性并克服异质性是教育从而也是道德教育的内在要求。     

道德教育:理论及其问题

本文从“美德是否可教”的问题出发 ,讨论了图瑞尔、纽希关于道德与习俗二分的域论。在此基础上 ,对皮亚杰、柯尔伯格、吉利根关于道德发展阶段说及其批判的德育意义进行了讨论。最后 ,从关系、互动的角度对德育的一般问题提出了一些看法。作者认为 ,美德可教 ;需要一种“互动式”的“教”。在这个互动关系链上 ,教者同时也是学者。     

PHILOSOPHY AS TRANSLATION: DEMOCRACY AND EDUCATION FROM DEWEY TO CAVELL

A bstract .  Dewey's idea of "mutual national understanding" faces new challenges in the age of globalization, especially in education for global understanding. In this essay Naoko Saito aims to find an alternative idea and language for "mutual national understanding," one that is more attuned to the sensibility of our times. She argues for Stanley Cavell's idea of philosophy as translation as such an alternative. Based upon Cavell's rereading of Thoreau's Walden , Saito represents Thoreau as a cross-cultural figure who transcends cultural and national boundaries. On the strength of this, she proposes a Cavellian education for global citizenship, that is, a perfectionist education for imperfect understanding in acknowledgment of alterity. Our founding of democracy must depend upon a readiness to "deconfound" the culture we have come from, the better to find new foundations together. The "native" is always in transition, by and through language, in processes of translation.     

从苏格拉底到杜威:教育的生活转向与现代教育的完成

苏格拉底、柏拉图为代表的古典教育以对美好事物的追求为基本内容,以教育即回忆为基本形式,体现出对日常生活世界的超越性。从夸美纽斯提出教学论是把一切知识教给一切人的艺术,到卢梭对儿童的发现,斯宾塞的教育是为未来完满生活做准备,再到杜威的教育即生活,现代教育发展的过程乃是教育转向成人生活、再转向儿童生活的过程。这个过程既是现代教育逐渐适应工业化时代和民主生活的过程,同时也是教育普及与教育民主实现的过程。现代教育的完成同时也意味着在现代知识观照下教育过程现代化的完成,教育不再是基于回忆,而是现实经验的获得与改造,儿童作为古典自然的存在也逐渐转化为现代心理化的存在,这导致现代教育对效率与技术化的追求以及儿童作为效率的主体,由此而意味着教育之伦理性基础的消解。当代教育在充分实现教育的生活取向、也就是教育的民主平等诉求之时,又需要不失去一份古典的关照,保持教育对生活的必要的超越性,保持教育过程的必要的迷魅,由此而实现现代教育的效率化追求,又不失去教育自身的伦理关怀,从而促成健全现代个体的生成。     

DEWEY,ECOLOGY, AND EDUCATION: HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY DEBATES OVER DEWEY'S NATURALISM AND (TRANSACTIONAL) REALISM

In the early 1970s, Thomas Colwell argued for an “ecological basis [for] human community.” He suggested that “naturalistic transactionalism” was being put forward by some ecologists and some philosophers of education, but independently of each other. He suspected that ecologists were working on their own versions of naturalistic transactionalism independently of John Dewey. In this essay, Deron Boyles examines Colwell's central claim as well as his lament as a starting point for a larger inquiry into Dewey's thought. Boyles explores the following questions: First, was and is there a dearth of literature regarding Dewey as an ecological philosopher? Second, if a literature exists, what does it say? Should Dewey be seen as biocentric, anthropocentric, or something else entirely? Finally, of what importance are the terms and concepts in understanding and, as a result, determining Dewey's ecological thought in relation to education?     

我国基础教育中的"思想道德课程"问题

本文系统考察我国基础教育中的思想道德课程演变的过程,并把它放在中国历史特点与“思想道德课程”国际比较的背景上考察,既证明我国现行“思想道德课程”的必要性,同时也揭示其局限性。