A competency model for effectiveness in managing multiple projects

To be effective in leading multiple simultaneous projects in high-velocity industries, this study proposes a list of competencies that multiple-project managers should possess organized as a competency model for effectiveness in managing multiple projects. Among other competencies, the competencies that are unique to multiple-project managers are organizational experience, interdependency management, multitasking, simultaneous team management, and management of interproject process. This finding helps raise awareness in the project management community regarding the differences between the competencies of single-project managers and those of multiple-project managers. Besides the list of competencies, this study extends its contribution by presenting propositions for future research.     

A conceptual model for managing incompatible impacts of organisational structures on awareness levels

Awareness levels of individuals about various aspects of the collaborative processes can be achieved by effective promotive interactions among them. Cultural structures are regarded as one of the major determinants of knowledge sharing patterns and awareness levels of individuals in collaborative contexts. Through an exploratory review of the literature, the present study points to the two rival organisational structures of cooperation and competition that coexist in any organisation in different intensities and mixtures. Finding a desirable mix of the above two structures is currently a challenging task and no explicit method exists for determining such an ideal mix. This study provides further theoretical insights into the analysis of incompatible impacts of several factors on the awareness levels of individuals in collaborative contexts. Drawn from the findings in the current body of literature, a conceptual model is developed. The proposed model relates cooperative and competitive structures, task dimensions, and group characteristics as potential factors that determine the awareness levels of individuals. The face validity of the proposed model is checked by employing an expert focus group. As a result, a number of enhancements and improvements to the model are proposed. Pragmatic aspects of the proposed model are then discussed and recommendations for future research are provided.     

专业学位硕士创新能力多级模糊评价模型

将模糊数学引进评价系统对专业学位硕士的创新能力进行评价,创建多级指标体系,构建评价模型,并通过实例说明评价的过程及可行性.该模型对全日制专业硕士培养目标的设定,培养方案的制定及导师的培养都有一定的指导意义.     

关于企业合作研发项目运作管理的案例分析

参与合作研发是企业获取新技术的重要途径之一,合作研发对于提高企业的技术能力起着关键的作用。但国内外的经验表明,在企业合作研发项目的实际运作中,普遍存在着效率低下的现象,影响了合作项目的绩效。本文以美国半导体行业技术联盟、Hoechst—Celanese公司的合作研发案例为基础,针对企业合作研发项目在组织与运作管理方面存在的问题进行分析,提出了提高企业合作研发项目绩效的若干建议。     

A citation-based document retrieval system for finding research expertise

Current citation-based document retrieval systems generally offer only limited search facilities, such as author search. In order to facilitate more advanced search functions, we have developed a significantly improved system that employs two novel techniques: Context-based Cluster Analysis (CCA) and Context-based Ontology Generation frAmework (COGA). CCA aims to extract relevant information from clusters originally obtained from disparate clustering methods by building relationships between them. The built relationships are then represented as formal context using the Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) technique. COGA aims to generate ontology from clusters relationship built by CCA. By combining these two techniques, we are able to perform ontology learning from a citation database using clustering results. We have implemented the improved system and have demonstrated its use for finding research domain expertise. We have also conducted performance evaluation on the system and the results are encouraging.     

An information delivery model for banking business

Banking is an enterprise consists of different levels of users with the requirement of different levels of information. We propose an information delivery model for banking business which takes information from business analysis and finds the best user for this information with respect to criteria and delivers the multi criteria reporting. There are many multi criteria decision making techniques [MCDM] available to find the best alternative in MCDM problem. We applied fuzzy MCDM technique which resolves inconsistency and uncertainty issues involved in decision making of information delivery for bank users. This model classifies most preferred user to least preferred user for the given information using fuzzy score. This information delivery model and its layers can be applied to other domains to build information delivery model.     

An IPC-based vector space model for patent retrieval

Determining requirements when searching for and retrieving relevant information suited to a user’s needs has become increasingly important and difficult, partly due to the explosive growth of electronic documents. The vector space model (VSM) is a popular method in retrieval procedures. However, the weakness in traditional VSM is that the indexing vocabulary changes whenever changes occur in the document set, or the indexing vocabulary selection algorithms, or parameters of the algorithms, or if wording evolution occurs. The major objective of this research is to design a method to solve the afore-mentioned problems for patent retrieval. The proposed method utilizes the special characteristics of the patent documents, the International Patent Classification (IPC) codes, to generate the indexing vocabulary for presenting all the patent documents. The advantage of the generated indexing vocabulary is that it remains unchanged, even if the document sets, selection algorithms, and parameters are changed, or if wording evolution occurs. Comparison of the proposed method with two traditional methods (entropy and chi-square) in manual and automatic evaluations is presented to verify the feasibility and validity. The results also indicate that the IPC-based indexing vocabulary selection method achieves a higher accuracy and is more satisfactory.     

Activity theory for understanding and managing system innovations

This study aims to show how activity theory in the socio-technical systems paradigm can assist in understanding and managing system innovation. We conceptualize socio-technical systems to address societal needs as activity systems and system innovations as transformations of such systems. Transformations result from resolving contradictions that develop due to technical and social change within and between the activities carried out by various agencies to fulfill societal needs. Along this line, the explanation of system innovations focuses on identifying emerging contradictions, resolution initiatives, and their outcomes, whereas the governance of system innovations can be carried out by interactively developing policies through successive interventions to resolve contradictions. We demonstrate the employment of activity theory to understand the transformation of the recorded music socio-technical system towards streaming, as well as to facilitate the management of the transition of the olive oil-producing sector at the regional level towards a circular economy through the adoption of innovative waste-processing technology.     

反焚运动中的常民专家及其专业性——一个关于技术争议的人类学研究

G市垃圾焚烧发电项目引发了当地居民和环保人士的抗议行动。在反焚运动中，技术专家与反对者围绕垃圾焚烧技术进行了持续的论辩。争议主要集中在三个方面：焚烧厂周边居民的公共健康、排放物的毒性与控制，以及技术运行的环境以及管理。双方针对垃圾焚烧技术风险生产了不同的叙事与知识。在反焚行动当中，常民并不是非理性地反对焚烧技术的应用。他们整合科学话语与地方性知识、结合当地经验和调查资料，发展自己的专业性，成为“常民专家”。常民专家的角色挑战了以往科学研究当中对于“专家－常民”的二元划分，其专业性给环境决策提供了必要的地方性视角。     

专业虚拟社区研究综述与PVC知识创造模型构建

专业虚拟社区通过网络信息技术将地理分散而志趣相投的人聚集起来,有利于专业人士互动交流、实现知识共享与知识创造。专业虚拟社区蕴藏了海量数据、信息和有价值的专业知识,成为新兴的知识源,受到知识密集型企业的重视;专业虚拟社区倡导开放、互惠的知识共享规范,打破了传统的、封闭的知识管理模式,激发了学者的研究兴趣。本文回顾发表于国际主流刊物的文献,①综述了专业虚拟社区成功,专业虚拟社区知识搜寻、贡献,专业虚拟社区双向使用等方面的研究成果,分析讨论了前人研究中存在的问题;②构建了专业虚拟社区知识创造模型,将知识创造过程依次划分为知识贡献、知识检验、知识搜寻和价值观内化四个阶段,初步阐释了显性知识与隐性知识、个人知识与大众知识、搜寻者角色与贡献者角色互相转化中的知识创造规律。最后,本文指出了新模型中有待研究的若干理论问题。     

An extension of the Kermack-McKendrick model for AIDS epidemic

We propose an SI epidemic model for AIDS that would take into account factors such as preventive education and the infection through the use of needles (transfusions and drug use). The model is analyzed from a dynamical systems point of view and is further applied to specific data for China, Spain and Venezuela.     

电子类专业基础课程教学模式改革与创新研究

电子类专业建设是各个高校重点发展和支持的专业。文章主要探讨电子类专业基础课程的课程体系与课堂教学设计,并对专业基础课程的教学模式进行改革尝试。电子类基础课程教学改革既要形成自身特色的课程体系和教学内容体系,又要挖掘提炼教材内容和学生认知能力,并借助计算机技术,不断改进教学方法和手段,达到提升教学质量的目的。     

An off-line approach for output feedback robust model predictive control

For constrained linear parameter varying systems subject to bounded disturbances and noises, this article investigates an off-line output feedback robust model predictive control approach. The sub-observer gains with robust positively invariant sets, and sub-controller gains with robust control invariant sets are simultaneously off-line optimized and stored in a look-up table. According to real-time estimation error bounds and estimated states, the time-varying sub-observer gains and sub-controller gains are on-line searched. The proposed off-line output feedback robust model predictive control approach with the guarantee of nested robust positively invariant sets and robust control invariant sets in theory reduces the on-line computational burden.     

供应商参与新产品开发的影响因素模型 及实证研究

在供应商参与新产品开发影响因素研究的基础上,构建影响因素模型,提出了不同类型企业供应商参与新产品开发实施情况的差异,以及驱动因素和使能因素对供应商参与新产品开发实施情况作用程度所存在差异的假设。通过对我国100多家企业的问卷调查和多元回归分析,深入研究了各类影响因素的作用机理。     

Balancing breadth and depth of expertise for innovation: A 3M story

This study examines how inventors’ breadth and depth of expertise influence innovation in 3M, a company renowned for sustained innovation for over a century. While prior research tends to examine a single indicator – the technical success achieved by the inventor – our study differentiates between three indicators of a successful inventor: (1) the number of inventions generated; (2) the extent to which the inventor has a significant impact in his or her technical domain; and (3) the inventor's career success, in terms of the commercial value they have brought by converting their inventions into products that generate sales for commercial organizations. We found that breadth of inventor expertise relates to the generation of many inventions, but not necessarily to those that are technically influential. Depth of inventor expertise enables individuals to generate technically influential inventions, as measured by patents granted. However, both breadth and depth of expertise are required for innovators to be deemed highly valuable, based on their records of effectively converting inventions into commercially successful products. Our study extends prior research on innovation in two ways. We provide a comprehensive view of how inventors’ expertise influences innovation and also show how inventors with different expertise profiles can contribute in unique ways to their organization.     

An integrated model for textual social media data with spatio-temporal dimensions

GPS-enabled devices and social media popularity have created an unprecedented opportunity for researchers to collect, explore, and analyze text data with fine-grained spatial and temporal metadata. In this sense, text, time and space are different domains with their own representation scales and methods. This poses a challenge on how to detect relevant patterns that may only arise from the combination of text with spatio-temporal elements. In particular, spatio-temporal textual data representation has relied on feature embedding techniques. This can limit a model’s expressiveness for representing certain patterns extracted from the sequence structure of textual data. To deal with the aforementioned problems, we propose an Acceptor recurrent neural network model that jointly models spatio-temporal textual data. Our goal is to focus on representing the mutual influence and relationships that can exist between written language and the time-and-place where it was produced. We represent space, time, and text as tuples, and use pairs of elements to predict a third one. This results in three predictive tasks that are trained simultaneously. We conduct experiments on two social media datasets and on a crime dataset; we use Mean Reciprocal Rank as evaluation metric. Our experiments show that our model outperforms state-of-the-art methods ranging from a 5.5% to a 24.7% improvement for location and time prediction.     

基于电场模型的指纹方向场计算

提出一种基于基线和中心点的电场模型,用于估计指纹方向场．在靠近指纹基线区 域,方向场与基线平行,这是指纹基线作用的结果;中心点区域的方向场变化比较大,这是中心点作用的结果．基线区域和中心点区域的指纹方向场向外扩张,在三角点区域汇合,且三角点是最终的汇合点,这一模型能比较好地解释指纹中心点和三角点成对出现的原因．在NIST-4指纹库中进行了测试,试验结果表明电场模型生成的指纹方向场有较高的准确性．     

An integrated microfluidic bubble pocket for long-term perfused three-dimensional intestine-on-a-chip model

Perfused three-dimensional (3D) cultures enable long-term in situ growth and monitoring of 3D organoids making them well-suited for investigating organoid development, growth, and function. One of the limitations of this long-term on-chip perfused 3D culture is unintended and disruptive air bubbles. To overcome this obstacle, we invented an imaging platform that integrates an innovative microfluidic bubble pocket for long-term perfused 3D culture of gastrointestinal (GI) organoids. We successfully applied 3D printing technology to create polymer molds that cast polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) culture chambers in addition to bubble pockets. Our developed platform traps unintended, or induced, air bubbles in an integrated PDMS pocket chamber, where the bubbles diffuse out across the gas permeable PDMS or an outlet tube. We demonstrated that our robust platform integrated with the novel bubble pocket effectively circumvents the development of bubbles into human and mouse GI organoid cultures during long-term perfused time-course imaging. Our platform with the innovative integrated bubble pocket is ideally suited for studies requiring long-term perfusion monitoring of organ growth and morphogenesis as well as function.     

An algorithmic approach for system decomposition and balanced realized model reduction

This paper deals with the development of an algorithm for unstable continuous/discrete-time system decomposition into completely stable and completely unstable subsystems using real Schur transformation technique. The application of the proposed algorithm is investigated for unstable LTI plant or controller reduction and the available balanced realized model reduction theories applicable for stable systems are extended for unstable, continuous/discrete-time systems. The algorithm and its applications are illustrated with MATLAB-based computer-simulated results for continuous and discrete-time systems.     

An improved model predictive control for uncertain systems with input saturation

In this work, a new design method of model predictive control (MPC) is proposed for uncertain systems with input constraints. By using a new method to deal with actuator constraints, our method can reduce the conservativeness. For the design of the robust MPC controllers, a sequence of feedback control laws is used and a parameter-dependent Lyapunov function is chosen to further reduce the conservativeness. The effectiveness and performance of our MPC design method are demonstrated by an example.