知识密集型企业项目组间知识转移博弈分析

在一现实企业的背景下,提出企业内有竞争关系的项目组通过项目合作进行知识转移的方式,建立一个具有合作竞争关系的两项目组的博弈模型,分析两项目组同时采取知识转移策略的条件,指出知识转移的影响因素,最后从企业和项目组两个角度给出若干建议。     

Decentralizing knowledge: managing knowledge work in a software engineering firm

The present paper outlines the philosophical background as well as a practical case of so-called decentralized management of knowledge work. It is argued that top-down perspectives on knowledge have dominated management initiatives in this area, at the expense of naturally occurring, or emergent work patterns of R&D organization. A model of management based on semiorganized individual knowledge exchange or “brokerage” is proposed as a solution. This alternative is exemplified in a case study from a software engineering firm. The paper proposes a number of principles that may be used to guide the development of similar models elsewhere.     

How perceived value drives the use of mobile financial services apps

Mobile information services have revolutionized business models and service delivery methods by facilitating consumer access to information and order placement via mobile apps. In developed markets, mobile banking (m-banking) and mobile payment (m-payment) applications have replaced text-based mobile services. However, extant research has not addressed these mobile financial services apps (MFSAs) adequately from the perspective of consumer behavior. Thus, the present study developed and tested a series of hypotheses related to the antecedents of perceived value of MFSA use; it also examined how such use affects the development of customers’ overall relationships with banks. Our hypotheses were tested using two samples (N = 992; N = 524) comprising different types of MFSA end-users in one of the leading countries in digital banking, Finland. The results supported most of the hypotheses and revealed that self-congruence and new product novelty are the principal drivers of perceived MFSA value. In addition, the findings show that the perceived value of MFSAs yields strong positive effects on customers’ overall satisfaction and commitment to their bank. The present study’s key managerial implication is that banks’ investments in developing MFSAs result in improved relationships with customers and increased business.     

企业内员工间知识互换的博弈分析

通过建立基于知识互补性假设的两人知识互换效用函数,运用无限次重复囚徒困境博弈模型,分析了企业内员工间知识互换的主要障碍和解决途径。研究表明,在无限次重复博弈中,如果对于不合作的制裁威胁是可信的且未来收益的贴现因子足够大,则有效的知识互换均衡是可以达到的。     

Diversification and hybridization in firm knowledge bases in nanotechnologies

The paper investigates the linkages between the characteristics of technologies and the structure of a firms’ knowledge base. Nanotechnologies have been defined as converging technologies that operate at the nanoscale, and which require integration to fulfill their economic promises. Based on a worldwide database of nanofirms, the paper analyses the degree of convergence and the convergence mechanisms within firms. It argues that the degree of convergence in a firm's nano-knowledge base is relatively independent from the size of the firm's nano-knowledge base. However, while firms with small nano-knowledge bases tend to exploit convergence in each of their patents/publications, firms with large nano-knowledge bases tend to separate their nano-R&D activities in the different established fields and achieve diversity through the juxtaposition of the output of these independent activities.     

Sales information systems in the UK financial services industry: an analysis of sophistication of use and perceived barriers to adoption

This paper evaluates the use of sales information systems (SIS) in the UK financial services sector. The study is based on a quantitative survey of a sample of sales and marketing managers in banks, building societies and insurance companies. Seventy-two usable responses were received and our analysis reveals that the systems that have been adopted are being used to provide information for little more than mailing lists. Further, the aspirations for our respondents for further data capture and analysis are low—such that their overarching goals of improving customer retention, customer relationships, and customer acquisition are unlikely to be achieved. This mismatch between our respondent's data capture and their strategic goals is associated with the further finding that our respondents place more importance on technical barriers to implementing SIS—such as fragmented market and sales information, high cost of development and poor data quality—as compared to the lowered importance placed on organizational barriers. Importantly, the latter barriers have been recognized in the literature as the true barriers to achieving the strategic potential of marketing information. We argue that the future promise of sophisticated use of the capabilities of current SIS is thus likely to be compromised, due to the lack of awareness, amongst our respondents, of the criticality of organizational and strategic barriers.     

后发企业知识传导的路径及其微理机理——以深圳研祥智能公司为例

 假定企业是一个彼此异质的知识的集合体和积累知识的有效制度,而知识传导是“知识接收者”与“知识提供者”间的互动学习。在此前提假设下从后发企业知识接收者的视角研究知识流动规律及其转移路径,提出知识传导的主体边界、知识传导活动、知识属性三个维度所构建的整合传导路径框架,剖析单维度和两两维度组合的子路径过程,然后,分析知识传导路径的广度、密度、速度和交互性等关键特征及其影响知识传导的机理,最后,以深圳研祥公司为例,印证本研究的相关结论。     

浅论知识经济中的需求者与资源配置

本文通过分析知识经济中需求者的地位和作用,阐释了知识生产的不同组织模式和资源配置模式,以及资源配置模式的发展趋势;特别讨论了知识需求者对知识生产的参与过程和对知识价值的确认方式,及其结成联盟的发展倾向。     

Employee relationship and knowledge sharing: a case study of a Taiwanese finance and securities firm

Knowledge Management Research & Practice - Knowledge is a very important resource for preserving valuable heritage, learning new things, solving problems, creating core competences, and...     

Restrictions on trade in communication and information services

Abstract

The convergence of computer and communication technologies has made it feasible to establish a universal international communications network linking all mankind. The information flowing through this network constitutes an increasingly important element of world trade and a major source of future economic growth. However, governments are hesitant to allow the creation of a fully integrated international information network and tend to restrict at least some information flows for privacy, security, cultural, or economic reasons. This analysis argues that freer flows of information across national borders could help facilitate international economic growth and adjustment. Reasons used to justify policies that inhibit the integration of the world communication network or prevent transborder data flows are examined, and the implications of such restraints are discussed. Strategies for‐halting the proliferation of barriers to trade in communication and information services and for reducing existing obstacles are suggested.     

贸易自由化、企业异质性与创新的知识宽度

   基于《中国专利数据库》等数据库的匹配数据基础上,本文从理论与实证相结合的角度研究了贸易自由化与企业创新知识宽度之间的关系及其影响机制问题。研究表明：总体上讲,贸易自由化会促进企业创新知识宽度的拓展;资本品、最终品贸易自由化对创新知识宽度的促进作用大于中间品贸易自由化;贸易自由化对发明专利的促进作用显著地高于对实用新型以及外观设计专利的促进作用;企业的多产品生产、对高技术工人的需求以及加工贸易份额高低是贸易自由化影响企业创新知识宽度的影响机制。本文的研究为中国的对外开放战略、创新驱动发展战略与高质量发展战略提供了相关的政策依据。     

企业成长的知识结构模型及其启示

知识结构是剖析企业成长的内在机理和外部调节的全新视角，是对现有企业成长理论的创新和深化。在知识结构演化与企业成长之间关系的理论模型中，知识存量是企业成长的必要条件，企业内外部知识结构的互动就是企业成长的真正机理。文章还认为增加知识存量与优化知识结构、提高人力资本流动自由度以及选择好产业领域，是促进我国企业快速持续成长的基本要求。     

Learning,innovation and firm performance: knowledge management in small firms

This study aims to examine the relationships between managerial learning as a facet of knowledge absorption (KA), firm innovation as a facet of knowledge exploitation (KE), and performance of small firms (i.e., firms with fewer than 50 employees). It builds on the knowledge-based view of the firm and the upper echelons theory to describe the effects of KA on KE, and that of KE on firm performance, in the small-firm context. Using survey data of 1441 small firms in New Zealand, the study applies a partial least squares approach to structural equation modelling to test the main hypotheses of the study. The main findings show the positive and significant effects of three types of managerial learning, namely, practice-based, proximal, and distal learning, on innovation and on innovation in firm performance. However, the curvilinear relationships suggest rather that the effects are finite and, potentially, confounded by factors unaccounted for in the models.     

Three steps in knowledge communication: the emergence of knowledge transformers

The purpose of this paper is to reexamine the role of gatekeeper in R&D organizations through the data collected from a midium-sized machine tool firm. Although the related literature points out (1) information gathering and (2) information transmitting functions as main roles of gatekeeper, this paper further suggests (3) knowledge transforming function that has to be executed within R&D organizations. We will argue that since the latter function often requires distinctive skills that impede information gathering activities, there emerges a three-step flow of communication instead of a two-step flow of communication. We define persons fulfilling this new role as a knowledge transformer, and related testable hypotheses are derived. The latter part of this paper proposes new measuring methods that identify knowledge transformers and test these hypotheses.     

修辞与科学知识传播论纲

科学知识的有效传播离不开修辞,以修辞的方式传播科学知识是可能的和必要的。第一,语言文字是科学知识的最基本的载体之一,以承载科学知识的修辞话语传播科学知识常常能为更广泛的公众所喜闻乐见;第二,修辞方式往往可以给特定科学知识传播以策略上的支持;第三,修辞过程与科学知识传播过程均为且均必为一互动的过程;第四,修辞和科学知识传播的效果都可以通过审美的方式体现出来。     

On estimating a knowledge production function at the firm and sector level using patent statistics

This paper proposes a definition of the knowledge base of an agent using only patent statistics. It then develops a model of a knowledge production function that can be estimated at the firm level and the sector level using the knowledge base matrix. It identifies the impact of own knowledge base, absorptive capacity to exploit intersectoral spillovers, and absorptive capacity to exploit intrasectoral spillovers, on new technology generation. It permits a study of the dynamics of knowledge generation without having to resort to additional information on the R&D activities of firms. Finally, the paper illustrates the method with the case study of new biotechnology-based knowledge creation by firms in the foods sector.     

隐性知识的传播与共享

隐性知识传播与共享是企业获得持续优势的关键，本文基于隐性知识的特点对隐性知识传播障碍进行分析。探讨了促进企业隐性知识传播和共享的途径。     

企业知识共享风险及其管理

知识共享是企业知识管理的一项主要活动,是知识创新的重要前提。本文围绕知识共享风险问题,分析了知识共享风险的产生机理,在此基础上提出了知识共享风险的管理对策。     

人力资源管理实践、知识管理导向与企业绩效

已有研究表明人力资源管理实践对于企业绩效具有重要影响,但影响机理尚未明确。本文基于知识的视角研究了知识管理导向在人力资源管理实践和企业绩效之间关系中的作用,即人力资源管理实践能否通过知识管理导向的中介作用对企业绩效产生影响。提出了人力资源管理实践、知识管理导向和企业绩效之间关系的假设模型,并通过对238家企业的问卷调查数据,应用结构方程模型进行了验证。结果表明人力资源管理实践对知识管理导向具有正向作用,并通过知识管理导向对企业绩效产生正向作用,即知识管理导向在人力资源管理实践和企业绩效的作用中起到部分的中介作用。最后总结分析了该研究对于管理实践的启示和未来的研究方向。     

Concept maps: a technique for assessing knowledge manager learning needs

This paper discusses an exploratory investigation of the role of concept mapping techniques for assessing knowledge manager learning needs and developing knowledge management (KM) training programs and courses. The research data were collected using seven concept map templates completed by 13 KM students during a 15-week higher education course. The study found that concept maps can provide a useful real-time feedback mechanism for knowledge managers undergoing structured learning, while enabling instructors to determine what KM practitioners require from their training and education. Additionally, the research showed that knowledge managers require a balance of foundational KM principles, concepts and methods coupled with examples of real-world implementations, tools and measures. The results also identify concept maps as a valuable research and evaluation technique for individuals engaged in the practice and process of training knowledge managers.