试论档案工作者在档案工作中的素养要求

随着各项制度的改革,档案管理制度改革也日益深入。档案管理工作如何主动顺应时代发展的要求,更新档案管理的内容、范围,档案收集的方式、方法以及档案服务的对象等,是我们档案管理工作者需要面对和认真思考的问题。现就当今档案管理人员能力培养对其素养要求的问题进行分析。     

我国自然博物馆藏品收藏现状与分析

本文介绍了国内外自然博物馆藏品收藏现状,分析我国自然博物馆存在藏品收藏总体不足、各区域自然博物馆之间藏品收藏差距较大、收藏范围较狭窄、藏品来源单一等问题,并进行了原因分析,提出正确认识自然博物馆的研究、收藏与教育的关系,加强对博物馆科研的投入,授予博物馆标本采集权,打破体制机制限制,加强对各方标本资源的利用等建议。     

Hacking the Collection: Changing the Collection in Response to a Migration

Abstract

In 2016, the Munday Library at St. Edward’s University migrated to a new discovery layer. The Library had been an EBSCO Discovery Services (EDS) customer for six years, and the migration to Ex Libris’s Alma-Primo negatively impacted content discovery and collection usage due to issues with EBSCO’s proprietary metadata and Primo’s OpenURL link resolver. This article discusses switching the library’s collection using collection data analysis to respond to the change in discovery layer. The data-informed changes made to the collection improved collection usability and access.     

基于BPM的档案容灾系统设计

本文从系统论的角度出发,借鉴业务流程管理(BPM)思想,从前期准备、设计实施、试用维护三个阶段和业务流程的识别、描述、规范、组合及顶层架构设计和系统结构图绘制六个具体步骤,设计了一个包括"预警准备"、"培训演练"、"应急处置"、"修复重建"、"评估反馈"五个功能模块的档案容灾系统,用以统筹规划和管理各项档案容灾工作。     

Universal museums, museum objects and repatriation: The tangled stories of things

This paper discusses the contribution of the 2003 ‘Declaration on the Importance and Value of Universal Museums’ to the debate on repatriation. The ‘Universalist’ approach taken by the Declaration is first considered, noting the implications of its emphasis on art, the heritage of museums and objects, along with its focus on the sculpture of ancient Greece and the enlightenment origin of museums such as the British Museum. It is argued that it reveals an essentialist approach that derives from a particular Western perspective, rather than being truly ‘universal’, and then considers whether a similar problem underlies many of the arguments advocating repatriation. The second part of the paper explores the opportunities offered by an approach which emphasises the ‘biography of objects’. This demonstrates how the tangled histories of objects and their many meanings can be considered. Repatriation is shown to be able to result in an increase in knowledge and understanding, rather than its destruction, and so meets the declared aim of the Declaration to ‘foster knowledge by a continuous process of reinterpretation’.     

From Collection Management to Content Management in Art Documentation: The Conservator as an Editor

ABSTRACT

It has been widely acknowledged that reinstallations and re-executions of contemporary artworks substantially rely on available documentation. Especially for installations and performances it is crucial to record the artist’s intent, past iterations, and tacit knowledge involved in staging the artwork. The growing presence of contemporary artworks in museum collections increases the importance of documentation as a central focus of collection care. However, collections management systems have limitations in adequately presenting these often rich forms of documentation. Consequently, documentation required for presenting a specific complex artwork is often dispersed across multiple systems, drives, and dossiers inside various departments. In recent years, several initiatives responded to these challenges by implementing a digital platform supporting the conservation of contemporary art. Collaborative networked software such as wiki came into focus as a prominent choice for managing the related documentation. The wiki promises to integrate diverse material in one place and accommodate much-needed requirements such as multiple iterations of an artwork, relations between its elements, and multimedia content. This paper takes the case of San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA)’s experimental use of MediaWiki to determine whether and under what conditions a wiki is capable of supporting collection care sufficiently in terms of documenting time-based media art. The case further illustrates the consequence of adopting a content management system as knowledge base for conservation. While collections management systems are designed primarily to handle objects using forms, wikis are publishing platforms in the first place and provide a different kind of framework for artwork records. They are designed to employ text and media to compose articles. We propose to conceptualise this consequential role of conservator as a manager of content, an editor.     

The Complexities of Digital Resources: Collection Boundaries and Management Responsibilities

SUMMARY

The boundaries that define a discrete collection of intellectual or informational resources have never been precise or immutable. With the proliferation of born-digital and digitized analog materials, these boundaries are becoming even less well defined. Supporting users' information needs in the current digital environment requires redefining the responsibilities of persons responsible for executing traditional library collection development practices and archival appraisal strategies. Developing and supporting the necessary technical and organizational infrastructure for long-term sustainability of digital collections will require intentional collaboration among information professionals. This article explores these issues in the context of both academic and state government entities, clarifying the need for a shift in roles for information professionals.     

Methods for studying family visitors in art museums: A cross-disciplinary review of current research

This paper examines current trends in family studies research, details the methodological and topical perspectives that are emerging, and reflects on how these findings could be integrated to provide a more coherent approach to researching the leisure, learning and recreational aspects of family visitors to art museums. Research findings from disciplines such as sociology, ethnography, education, design and marketing are of interest to the field of visitor studies, and this paper contributes to the wider research agenda by providing an overview of family research methods from a range of other disciplines, as well as those used within visitor studies.Over the last decade, there has been a growth of research in family learning in science museums, leading to an emerging disciplinary matrix, whilst many aspects of family visits to art museums remain relatively unexplored. The paper discusses the problems of gathering meaningful data from adults and children in family groups, and concludes by suggesting that a challenge for art museums is to learn from what is happening in other areas of cultural research into families, and to develop a framework for research which builds on the methodological strengths and practical experience of robust studies.     

Framing photographs,denying archives: the difficulty of focusing on archival photographs

This article pursues the varying understandings of the photograph in archival literature. An in-depth review of the scholarship uncovers several possible reasons why archivists and those writing about photographic archives apparently continue to struggle with the photograph, including: the sheer difficulty that photographs as an elusive medium present; past debates about photography in art history, history, and archival literature; and the challenges that the photograph as an evasive document presents to the contradictory nature of archives themselves and to conceptions of archival science. Having evolved from an understanding of photographs that conflated content with meaning to postmodernist notions of contingent and plural meanings in which photographs participate, archival writings on the photograph hold promise as they begin to tread the waters that Schwartz charted in the last 15 years. This paper follows that historical progression in order to trace the discourse on photographic archives that has emerged over the past three decades.

The Road Oft Traveled: Collection Analysis and Development in a Modern Academic Law Library

While law students and faculty are content to research solely online, the librarians at Stetson University College of Law's Dolly & Homer Hand Law Library are actively involving every library department to analyze and develop both the print and digital collection. This case study will analyze the print to digital shift in academic law libraries and its effect on collection development. It will then describe the process of collection management at the Hand Law Library and how the entire library team is used to determine what is required of the collection to best serve our students, faculty, and the public.     

Representation in the Collection: Assessing Coverage of LGBTQ Content in an Academic Library Collection

Abstract

Academic library collections have been built and shaped by a focus on dominant voices and perspectives. In order for collections to reflect the value librarianship places on diversity as well as represent multiple perspectives and serve users of diverse backgrounds and identities, collections need to be assessed for coverage of content related to diversity. This article discusses the challenges inherent in engaging in such an assessment, discusses collection assessment methods, and describes an analysis performed on the Penn State University Libraries collections focused on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer content.     

1990-2011年我国档案馆文化建设研究述评

从档案馆文化的内涵、档案馆的文化属性、档案馆的文化功能、档案馆的文化责任、档案馆的文化形象、档案馆文化建设的路径与方式等6个方面对1990至2011年我国档案馆文化建设研究成果进行总结和评价。     

高校博物馆发展现状、问题及对策探讨

高校博物馆是教育系统开展科普活动的重要科普基础设施,如何促进高校博物馆建设对提升我国科技创新能力具有重要意义。本文归纳总结了我国高校博物馆发展现状和问题,分析了制约高校博物馆发展的成因,提出促进高校博物馆发展的若干对策。     

大档案视角下我国省级综合档案馆新冠肺炎疫情档案征集工作研究

文章从新冠肺炎疫情档案的征集数量、征集质量、征集方式、征集管理四方面,对我国31个省(自治区、直辖市)的综合档案馆的新冠肺炎疫情档案征集现状进行网络调查,发现存在档案征集数量不足、档案征集方式单一、档案征集内容结构不合理等问题。基于大档案观的档案范畴理念以及档案大开发、档案社会化、档案开放等思想,综合档案馆可采取拓宽征集范围、规范征集质量、优化征集方式、构建档案专题数据库、推进档案开发利用的策略,以改进相关工作。     

Assessment in a Tight Time Frame: Using Readily Available Data to Evaluate Your Collection

The William S. Carlson Library of The University of Toledo is experiencing a major renovation project. Its first floor is being transformed into a state-of-the-art information commons. In order to provide the space necessary for this transformation, several collections, specifically the reference and circulating, needed to be moved and shifted in a timely manner. This paper highlights how readily available data were used to evaluate the volumes in the reference collection and the circulating collection in order to maximize the space for the renovation projects.     

国家层面私人档案信息资源体系的构建

国家档案资源建设是档案工作和档案事业的根基,私人档案信息资源是国家档案资源的重要组成部分。本文试从作为社会主体的人的角度来构建私人档案信息资源体系,体系的构成将分为普通大众层,骨干精英层、杰出贡献层三个层次,以期推动覆盖人民群众的档案资源体系的建设。     

自然科学博物馆标本藏品智慧化管理实践与思考——以国家海洋博物馆为例

自然科学博物馆作为重要的公共文化机构,承载着传播自然历史和科学知识的职责。标本藏品是自然科学博物馆的根基,随着标本藏品的不断积累,传统标本藏品管理方式面临困境。在博物馆智慧化建设背景下,智慧化理念与新技术为标本藏品管理带来了新机遇。本文以天津国家海洋博物馆为例,在分析标本藏品管理工作面临主要难点的基础上,回顾智慧化藏品管理系统建设工作实践,以期为自然科学博物馆标本藏品管理提供参考和借鉴,并思考未来藏品数据的应用方向。     

Balancing Act for the Future: How the Academic Library Engages in Collection Development at the Local and Consortial Levels

ABSTRACT

Collection development remains a major focus and concern of current interest for all types of libraries. Consortia began as a means of sharing resources and of leveraging purchasing power for its members. How does a library balance its individual collection needs, both present and future, when it is a member of a consortium? Do the expectations of the consortium outweigh the needs of the individual library member? This article will address how an academic library engages in collection development at the local and consortia levels, addresses the benefits and challenges of consortia memberships, and responds to its local patrons in light of its obligations and commitment to a consortium.     

Journals in the Core Collection

ABSTRACT

This overview of the core concept applied to journals defines the relevant terminology and cites specific examples of core lists. Ten approaches for determining core journals (subjective judgment, use, indexing coverage, overlapping library holdings, citation data, citation network/co-citation analysis, production of articles, Bradford's Law, faculty publication data, and multiple criteria methods) are reviewed and the practical applications of core journals lists are explained. Theoretical and practical problems associated with the core concept and core journal lists are discussed and a taxonomy for classifying core journal lists is outlined.     

Rethinking Collection Management Plans: Shaping Collective Collections for the 21st Century

The emergence of shared print repositories has created new opportunities for libraries to provide cost-effective stewardship through collaborative collection management. This opportunity also presents challenges, as libraries must reenvision collection management in the context of local, regional, and national priorities. In previous decades, collection management plans were used to communicate an institution's strategies for managing local collections. As libraries prepare to participate in cooperative agreements, formal collection management plans and policies can and should be used once again as a practical framework for decision making. The authors offer practical advice on developing a collection management plan in a collaborative context.