White lies: a racial history of the (post)truth

In the aftermath of the 2016 election of President Trump, a veritable cottage industry of opinion pieces, blogs, and articles emerged overnight, most of which seemed to agree that only the post-truth could explain how a racist, misogynistic, neo-nationalist member of the economic elite could win a presidential election. This article, in contrast, is inspired by Barbara Christian’s injunction that we question why a given statement, concept, or theory is now acceptable when before it was not. Operating in this spirit, we critique post-truth critics for neglecting the material tradition of ideological criticism in favor of epistemological explanations for understanding post-truth literature; we then offer two case studies—American drug policy and housing policy—to illustrate the racial amnesia required for claiming that only now do we live in a post-truth era.     

Making history: The sitting modern president and the national archives

Tradition, law, and the model of the modern Presidential library cement the close institutional ties which bind the nation's chief executive and the chief recordkeeper, a relationship which comes into flourish in the post-presidency. Although existing statute addresses limited formal interaction between an incumbent administration and the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), in fact, the day-to-day relationship has evolved to incorporate diverse and expanding activities, particularly under President Bill Clinton. These functions anticipate the eventual transfer of records management responsibility from the Executive Office of the President to NARA upon the conclusion of each administration, and the agency's future role in administering a president's library. In this essay, the current administration's liaison to the National Archives surveys the contemporaneous relationship between NARA and sitting modern Presidents, with emphasis on the Clinton White House.     

Cloud computing: Its history of development, modern state, and future considerations

In this article, the author describes the history of the development, modern state, and future considerations of cloud (diffused) computing as one of the modern innovative technologies. The models of cloud computing and its advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. A number of cloud operating systems, cloud computing vendors, and the capabilities of their platforms are considered.     

Creating a smart nation: Strategy,policy, intelligence,and information

In an age characterized by distributed information, where the majority of the expertise is in the private sector, the concept of “central intelligence” is an oxymoron. The greatest threat to both national security and national economic competitiveness is ignorance—uninformed decision making. Intelligence communities are slowly discovering that they should not send a spy where a schoolchild can go, and that spies are not harnessing the vast distributed intelligence of the private sector. Unfortunately, the culture of intelligence in most countries believes that its uniqueness rests on secrets rather than thinking—on producing secrets rather than informing policy. To survive in the 21st century, every nation must become a “smart nation” and engage all of its citizens—every citizen must be a collector, producer, and consumer of intelligence—and, thus, create the Virtual Intelligence Community. To integrate and make the best use of both open-source intelligence and traditional classified intelligence, each nation must establish a National Information Strategy which addresses connectivity, content, coordination, and computational security.     

军队档案工作面临的挑战与对策

本文从军队档案工作发展面临的机遇与挑战入手,分析了军队档案工作与军队建设不相适应的某些方面,从更新观念、强化宏观调控、加强档案基础工作、完善法规制度、促进档案资源集成管理与有效利用、加强档案队伍建设等方面探讨了促进军队档案工作可持续发展的对策。     

Marcia Crocker Noyes, medical librarian: the shaping of a career

This study explores the accomplishments of Marcia Crocker Noyes (1869-1946) in depth and examines how her unobtrusive, yet extremely influential, personality contributed to success in medical librarianship.In the library of the state medical society of Maryland and in the Medical Library Association, this pioneer medical librarian acted as a revitalizing force, and thus was in part responsible for the survival and subsequent growth of both institutions. Perhaps as important as her concrete contributions to medical libraries was the legacy which Miss Noyes bequeathed to her colleagues. She not only shaped the vocation of medical librarianship, but also by her example, stressed the dedication to the future necessary for one to be termed a professional.     

近现代历史陈列内容设计的几个问题

在市场经济条件下 ,国民经济的发展在满足人民群众物质生活需求的同时 ,推动着文化精神消费的迅速发展 ,带动了文化娱乐市场的繁荣和多种多样社会文化机构的成长。许多新的文化休闲方式为群众提供了文化和休闲消费的多种选择 ,使传统的文化休闲场所博物馆面临着前所未有的机遇和挑战。一方面各种新博物馆纷纷建立 ,以新展馆新陈列争取观众 ;另一方面也有不少博物馆因为多年不变的老面孔致使观众弃之而他求。在这种情况下 ,国内许多博物馆都在重新思索自己的定位 ,积极探索如何使自己适应时代的需求 ,为群众提供相应的文化服务 ,同时使自己在…     

The ISI Web of Knowledge,a modern system for the information support of scientific research: a review

This paper describes an automated system for information support of scientific research, the ISI Web of Knowledge, which is one of the largest systems in the modern world; approximately 150000 users turn to it each day. The system was created in 1992 based on the experience and achievements of the well-known American information firm Institute for Scientific Information, which was purchased by Thomson Corp., a Canadian information-publishing firm. The main principles of the building of this system, the information resources used in it, and the main directions of its development are characterized.     

报刊的历史与历史的报刊

以报刊为合法性主体的历史,才是真正称得上报刊史。所谓主体,就是以报刊为中心和视野,并以此展开史实、分析报刊与社会关系,以及揭示评价其意义和价值。唯有如此,才能反映报刊历史的真相,从而起到历史为现实服务的作用。当下我国报刊史研究的问题,乃在于忽视了主体性问题,从而报刊的历史成了历史的报刊。     

The secrets of failing better: Accessible publishing at SAGE. A case study

Key points

• Accessibility is often misunderstood as a concept that is niche or of secondary importance.
• Reframing accessibility as improving the overall user experience instantly changes the perspective; accessibility becomes a critical requirement worthy of investment and resources.
• The single most prevalent complaint amongst librarians is the time it takes to get hold of accessible content.
• An accessibility roadmap provides structure and transparency for digital accessibility projects within the organization.
• Publishers' non‐compliance with accessibility standards will increase their risk of sales declines and legal complications over time.
• The SAGE A.C.C.E.S.S.I.B.L.E mnemonic offers suggestions on how to devise a successful accessible publishing programme.

     

Museums and the shaping of contemporary artworks

In the museum context, curators and conservators often play a role in shaping the nature of contemporary artworks. Before, during and after the acquisition of an art object, curators and conservators engage in dialogue with the artist about how the object should be exhibited and conserved. As a part of this dialogue, the artist may express specifications for the display and conservation of the object, thereby fixing characteristics of the artwork that were previously left open. This process can make a significant difference to the visual appearance of the work, the nature of the audience's experience, and how the work should be interpreted. I present several case studies in which the nature of the artwork has been shaped by such dialogues, and discuss principles for resolving cases in which there is a conflict between instructions specified by the artist and those adopted by the museum.     

Attitude similarity,relational history,and attraction: The mediating effects of kinesic and vocal behaviors

Perhaps the most well‐known finding in the study of interpersonal relations is that attitude similarity leads to attraction. Recent research has found that the similarity‐attraction effect is diminished after informal social interaction. The mediating effects of verbal and nonverbal behaviors in attenuating or strengthening the effects of similarity on attraction have not themselves been studied. The present experiment tests the similarity‐attraction relationship in a conversational setting while investigating the effects of kinesic and vocal behaviors as mediators. Forty dyads, with similar and different attitudes who were newly acquainted or well known to one another, participated in 30 minute, non‐directed conversations. Their conversations were videotaped and coded for several vocal and kinesic indicators of involvement. After taping, subjects filled out attraction and satisfaction measures. Analyses revealed that attitude similarity affected attraction and satisfaction, even after an intervening interaction. Attitude similarity affected posture and orientation as well as similarity in gaze and adaptors; relationship stage affected vocalizations and discrepancies between partners’ speech rate and posture behaviors. Finally, it was found that senders’ smiling, speech rate, and postural orientation explained variance in partner attraction and satisfaction beyond that due to initial attitude similarity‐dissimilarity; certain measures of behavioral similarity accounted for attraction and satisfaction outcomes, reducing the effects of attitude similarity.