远程学习效能感的结构和影响因素研究

本研究采用自编的远程学习效能感问卷对207名远程学习者进行测查。因素分析结果表明,远程学习效能感可以分为一般效能感和特殊效能感两个维度。特殊效能感又包括技能效能感和课程学习效能感两个子维度。测查结果显示,就远程学习效能感的两个维度而言,学习者的特殊效能感显著高于一般效能感。通过对可能影响远程学习效能感的因素进行考察后发现,计算机知识水平高的学习者的远程学习效能感要比计算机知识水平低的学习者高,而不同性别和不同年级的学习者之间的远程学习效能感没有显著差异。     

新冠疫情下的美国基础教育——以洛杉矶联合学区为例

新冠病毒暴发之后,很快就传播到世界各地并导致几乎所有的大中小学校在2020年的冬、春季被迫关闭校门,转为远距离教学,给全球的教育工作者带来了巨大的挑战.在这篇文章中,作者将以洛杉矶联合学区为例,描述和探讨美国学校在应对疫情和提供线上教育的过程中出现的关键问题,检验教育领导人制定的政策和学校教师们采用的措施,评估他们是否...     

An analysis of English teachers’ self-efficacy in relation to SEN and disability and its implications in a changing SEN policy context

Policy and practice in relation to meeting the diverse needs of all children, including those with special educational needs (SEN) and disabilities, is in a state of change in the UK. As a result, there is growing interest in and understanding of the need to focus on factors which impact on teachers’ levels of self-efficacy in meeting the needs of learners with SEN, and the implications of this for further development and training. The research reported in this paper gathered data from teachers at a unique time in the transition of policy and practice in England. Through a quantitative analysis of a questionnaire completed by 213 teachers from a variety of teaching settings, data relating to the self-efficacy and confidence levels of teachers immediately prior to the statutory changes in SEN policy has been captured. The findings identify that the Key Stage that the teacher works in is directly related to self-efficacy, that self-efficacy in collaboration is generally lower than self-efficacy in instruction and behaviour management, and that knowledge of laws and policies pertaining to SEN and Disability and experience in teaching children with disabilities had a strong positive relationship on overall self-efficacy. Implications for the ongoing development of practice within the profession, including the development of appropriate initial and continuing professional development models to support teachers throughout their career, and avenues for further research are presented.     

英国学习困难教育政策管窥

英国是较早开展全纳教育的国家。目前在学习困难学生教育方面,英国已具备了坚实的法律基础和制度保障,在具体的实践中,采用的是分级识别、评估和干预的操作模式,这些对我国有一定的借鉴意义。     

远程学习者学习需求的调查与分析

调查与分析远程学习者的学习需求,旨在更好地满足远程学习者的多种需要,提高远程教育的有效性。调查显示,学员希望实践性强的课程、短小的课件、多样的教学方式与学习方式、较多的网络传输和交流、更开放的学业评价方式以及接受学习技能的培训。远程教育机构要从满足学习者的这些学习需求入手,不断改进远程教育教学。     

现代远程特殊教育需求调查与学习模式探索

河北远程特殊教育不仅是河北开放大学肩负的社会责任和重要的工作任务,也具有重要的社会意义。为充分了解石家庄市的残障人士的现状,特殊教育学院有针对性地对残疾人进行调查,以制定符合残疾人自身特点的学习专业方向和教学实施计划。远程职业特殊教育实行混合式学习模式,让河北有学习要求的残障人士通过"河北电大特殊教育远程教学平台",随时随地地免费参加学历教育与非学历教育的课程学习和考核,获得相应的学历或课程结业文凭。     

中国与英国一体化教育的比较研究

本通过对中英一体化教育的发展条件、师资情况及一体化教育的实践作一比较研究,认为我国应通过随班就读逐步扩大特殊教育对象,加大力度培养一体化教育师资的特教能力,完善和发展一体化教育体系,迎接全国性教育的到来。     

Metamorphosis in distance learning: Setting new trends in special needs education by addressing existing curriculum challenges

Abstract

This paper describes the participatory development of a new curriculum for an Advanced Certificate in Education (ACE) (Inclusive and Special Needs Education) programme in the Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria. Several challenges in the existing programme necessitated curriculum re-design and development. These challenges included responding to policies regarding inclusive and special needs education; responding to revised higher education frameworks; revisiting the structure and content of modules in order to improve articulation; addressing an anticipated increase in student enrolment and a changing student profile; and incorporating current trends in distance education service delivery. Partners in this collaborative curriculum initiative included the Unit for Distance Education, the Department of Educational Psychology, the Department for Education Innovation and the South African Institute of Distance Education (SAIDE). Insights derived from this paper could possibly inform similar curriculum development initiatives, as well as extend knowledge on open and distance learning service delivery, in particular for in-service teacher training.     

Parents’ perceptions of secondary school students’ motivation and well-being before and during the COVID-19 lockdown: the moderating role of student characteristics

During the COVID-19 lockdown of spring 2020, Dutch children were being homeschooled. We examined how parents’ (n = 470) perceptions of secondary school students’ (M_age = 14.23 years) need satisfaction, academic motivation and well-being differed before the lockdown (assessed retrospectively) and during the lockdown. Furthermore, we examined the differential impact of the lockdown for different groups of children based on parental educational level, academic track, gender and special educational needs (SEN). Results indicated that students’ motivation and well-being as perceived by parents decreased during the lockdown and this could be explained by decreases in need satisfaction. Most student characteristics did not moderate the effects of the lockdown, except for SEN. The lockdown effects were less negative for children with SEN, especially gifted children and children with behavioural disabilities, than for children without SEN. Results are discussed with regard to their practical implications after the lockdown and for future lockdowns.     

普通师范院校特殊教育课程开设情况的调查

教师的特殊教育能力是随班就读质量的重要保证。普通师范院校开设特殊教育课程是我国现行特殊教育政策法规的要求。本研究采用自编问卷,以电话调查方式了解国内137所师范院校关于该规定的实施状况。调查结果显示:目前我国仅有13.9%的师范院校开设或曾经开设特殊教育课程。法规缺乏强制性、领导不重视以及专业师资缺乏是该规定实施绩效差的主要原因。完善特教立法、提高领导认识水平、加强师资培训是改变这一状况的有效办法。     

Teachers’ student-specific self-efficacy in relation to teacher and student variables

This study aims to show the importance of explicitly identifying student-specific teachers’ self-efficacy. Data from 43 regular teachers who rated their self-efficacy towards 611 fourth-grade students from inclusive classes in Austria were analyzed. In addition, 15 regular teachers and 15 special needs teachers rated their student-specific self-efficacy levels of 136 students. Teachers’ sense of self-efficacy towards individual students was assessed using a short, adapted version of Tschannen-Moran and Woolfolk Hoy’s Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale. Results of multilevel-regression analysis showed that the higher the teachers’ general self-efficacy the higher was their student-specific self-efficacy. In addition, teachers’ student-specific self-efficacy was lower for students whose special needs regarded learning or behavioural and emotional disorders. The outcomes of the study imply that measuring teachers’ self-efficacy specifically for individual students compared to a teachers’ general self-efficacy towards inclusion is an important addition to previous research.     

学习共同体中助学者视角下的远程教育调查研究

教师等助学者作为学习共同体的组成部分对学习者学习具有重要作用,也扮演着重要角色。对网络学习共同体中助学者的问卷调查发现,助学者对目前远程教育机构提供的学习资源、采用的学习方式和监控方式等情况总体评价良好,但学习者学习效果有待进一步改善。在了解学习者学习需求基础上,通过远程教育机构为学习者提供丰富的学习资源,并加强课程选择设计、政府建立各远程教育机构资源共建共享机制、企业加强对开放学习的激励等可以改进学习者学习效果,发挥远程教育在终身学习型社会建设中的作用。     

远程学习者特征与学习需求的相关分析

社会的发展使远程学习者和学习需求都发生了很大变化,针对学习者特征和学习需求关系的调查结果显示,性别在学习中的差异显著,女性学员遇到的学习困难更多,但是男性学员认为进行学习技能的培训会对学习提高帮助更大;年龄不是阻碍学习的重要因素;家庭所在地、学习费用这些外在的因素对远程学习的影响不大;家庭经济问题突出但不构成学习困难的主要因素;工作单位性质与学习动机不相关但对学习的帮助显著相关。     

What trainees in England learn about teaching pupils with special educational needs/disabilities in their school-based work: the contribution of planned activities in one-year initial training courses☆

The project reported in this paper addresses the issue of trainee teacher learning with regard to special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) during the school placement element of one-year postgraduate teacher training programmes in England. Through a focus on the university/school partnership, school organisational and classroom pedagogic processes, the project aimed to improve knowledge and understanding about teacher education relevant to the special educational needs and inclusive education fields. Specifically, the project examined and compared the school-based learning and outcomes of postgraduate teacher trainees in primary and secondary programmes that used different approaches to preparing teachers for the special needs aspects of their future teaching. Three kinds of school-based approaches are examined: one that involved a practical teaching task; a second which involved a pupil-focused task (but not practical teaching); and a third where there was no specific pupil-focused SEND task other than class teaching practice.

The paper reports on what and how trainees learned about teaching pupils with SEND and on differences related to the use of SEND tasks. Findings indicate that what trainees learn about teaching pupils with SEND is strongly interlinked with what they learn about teaching in general. The pedagogic knowledge learned from undertaking planned pupil-focused SEND tasks, however, centres on pupils’ personal learning needs, something that was less likely to be learned from only whole-class teaching experience. Implications for schools, initial teacher education (ITE) providers, national and international policy are presented as evidence-informed questions with possible options.     

Educators’ experiences in special education institutions during the COVID-19 outbreak

The COVID-19 outbreak has had a profound impact on education worldwide. As a result of the educational institutions closures, it is likely that the impact on special education would be more detrimental since special education population becomes more vulnerable in the aftermath of an outbreak. In the scope of this study, a researcher created survey was used to examine educators’ teaching experiences and their perceptions about the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on special education students. The sample included 215 educators working in the Special Education and Rehabilitation Centers (SERCs) in Turkey. Results indicated that a large majority of the SERCs were not able to continue their education during the COVID-19 outbreak. In addition, there was a difference in educators’ experiences by their educational practices (normal weekly schedule, reduced schedule, most of the educational activities are suspended, and all of the educational activities are suspended). Perceived level of COVID-19 outbreak impact on special education students were found to be significantly higher for autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disabilities, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders, visual impairments, hearing impairments, specific learning disabilities and gifted students, respectively. The conclusion highlights the need of global collaboration, disaster preparation and management for students with special needs.     

Relationships Among Teachers’ Positive Discipline,Students’ Well-being and Teachers’ Effective Teaching: A Study of Special Education Teachers and Adolescent Students With Learning Disabilities in Taiwan

The authors proposed a positive discipline, well-being and teaching effectiveness model that suggested that teachers’ positive discipline would facilitate students’ well-being and effective teaching, and students’ well-being would play a mediating role in the association between positive discipline and teaching effectiveness. The model was tested by including 255 resource room teachers (mean age = 32.71 years, SD = 7.09) and 255 matched adolescent students with learning disabilities (mean age = 14.06 years, SD = .74). Teachers responded to a scale for rating positive discipline strategies, and adolescents completed a students’ well-being questionnaire and a students’ awareness of teachers’ teaching effectiveness questionnaire. To evaluate the fit between the collected data and the proposed model, structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data. The results supported the proposed model and revealed that the link between teachers’ repertoire of positive discipline strategies and their students’ perception of teaching effectiveness was partially mediated by students’ well-being. Thus, the authors suggest that instead of eliminating individual student misbehaviours, teachers should focus more on positive classroom management, which is linked to improved outcomes for students and teachers.