Traditions of practice in U.S. preservice teacher education programs

This paper extends work reported previously Liston and Zeichner's (1991) Teacher Education and the Social Conditions of Schooling by discussing how a conceptual framework describing four traditions of practice in U.S. teacher education can be used to understand the approaches to teacher education in individual teacher education programs. It is argued that all preservice teacher education programs in the U.S. represent particular patterns of resonance with all four of the traditions of practice and that no teacher education program can be understood in relation to only one tradition. The conceptions of teaching expertise embedded in the elementary teacher education program at the University of Wisconsin - Madison are discussed to illustrate how the traditions of practice can illuminate the commitments of teacher educators within particular institutions.     

高校教师党员育人机制的有效构建

高校教师党员经常性教育是党的建设的一项基础性工作,其关系到高校政治思想的健康发展及有效传播,对未来能否给社会输送合格人才起到至关重要的导向作用。当前,高校教师党员肩负着教书育人、管理育人、服务育人的三重使命。然而,高校教师党员经常性教育中也暴露若干问题,本文针对如何构建高校教师党员的经常性教育机制进行简单探索。     

地方高师院校合并后师范教育特性的缺失与对策

院校合并是20世纪90年代以来教育行政部门和高等师范院校对高等师范院校“生存”危机的一种应对策略。院校合并中高师院校的发展引人注目,但地方高师院校并入综合大学后处于边缘地位,其师范性的特性难以维继。针对院校合并后地方高师如何彰显师范教育的特性,从内部管理体制改革的角度提出几点看法。     

Elementary science education library resources in graduate and undergraduate teacher education programs of new England

The purpose of this study was to compare elementary science education library resources available in graduate and undergraduate teacher education institutions in New England. A 31-item survey was sent to teacher education institutions certified to prepare elementary teachers. The survey had four components: (1) services (i.e., ERIC, computer search, etc.), (2) journal holdings/science (i.e., Science and Children, Science Education, etc.), and nonscience (i.e., Reading Teacher, Instructor, etc.), (3) resources available (i.e., elementary science textbooks, audio-visual materials, computer software, etc.), and (4) an open-ended question about what major resources were needed to help prepare preservice students to teach science. There was a 72% return rate from the 87 institutions. Data were analyzed by the FREQUENCIES and ONEWAY subprograms of SPSSX. Less than 34% of the non-graduate libraries had ERIC microfiche available, Dissertation Abstracts, and computer search capabilities services. There was significant difference between graduate and nongraduate institutions journal holdings for science education journals and indexes. The surveyed libraries had more elementary science textbooks published prior to 1980 than those published after 1980 and were severely lacking in computer software.     

美国高校实验室职业安全与健康管理的启示

通过分析以往的安全事例,指出了目前我国高校实验室安全与健康管理中存在的问题,结合美国杜克大学、北卡州立大学、斯坦福大学实验室工作的亲身经历,介绍了美国高校安全设施建设及实验室安全与健康管理模式,提出了"以人为本,依法管理,制度严明,设施齐全,培训到位,责任明晰,监管有力"的实验室安全与健康管理理念,旨在于通过借鉴美国在实验室安全教育与管理及应急处理的先进经验,增强我国高校管理者及广大师生实验室职业安全与健康法律意识及安全观念,促进我国高校实验室安全与健康硬件设施建设,提高实验室安全与健康管理水平。     

高校生命科学实践教学共享平台的建设

为了保证实践育人质量的不断提高,结合学科特点及人才培养方案,通过实践教学条件平台的科学规划与顶层设计、实验室设计与装备配备、信息化平台建设和实验室环境建设等方面,阐述了实践教学平台的建设思路、实施方案,搭建了基础、专业实训、实习融通的实践教学共享平台,为实践育人创造了优越的实践环境和发展空间。     

Preparing LGBTQ-allies and combating homophobia in a U.S. teacher education program

Interns in a US teacher education program were surveyed regarding their attitudes towards diversity, particularly issues of sexuality, their feelings of “cultural competence” around diversity, and the repertoires of practices and resources they feel prepared to draw on in their work with middle and high schools students (11–18 year olds). Analysis of course materials provided insight into distinctions between anti-homophobia and LGBTQ-ally stances among students. Extensive semi-structured interviews with 7 students explored these issues in more depth, documenting their sense of preparedness and cultural competence, where locate and how they identify “useful experiences in learning how to teach LGBTQ youth, and the concerns they face in their work against heterosexism and homophobia in schools.     

地方高师高层次教师教育人才培养的机遇与对策

教师教育的变革给地方师范大学发展带来了前所未有的挑战;《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》颁布及全国教育工作会议的召开,对教师教育提出了新的要求;我国研究生教育结构性调整,为地方师范大学发展提供了新的视角。笔者认为,地方师范大学将挑战与要求转化为发展动力,抓住难得发展机遇,提升教师教育人才培养层次,扩大教育硕士规模,坚持培养原则,创新培养保障措施,确保培养质量,是其充分发挥自身优势与突出办学特色,在激烈市场竞争中谋求长远发展的较佳选择。     

高师院校教师教育存在的问题与对策

教学计划是学校教育教学过程中的指导性文件,如何制定和实施教学计划直接影响人才培养的质量。针对高师院校教师教育存在的问题,应通过改革师范生的教学计划来解决。     

Characterization of human genetics courses for nonbiology majors in U.S. colleges and universities

We characterized college human genetics courses for nonscience majors (NSM) by 1) determining the number of U.S. institutions offering courses and the number of students taking them; and 2) surveying course instructors on course demographics, content, materials, and pedagogies. Between 2002 and 2004, an estimated 480 institutions of higher education (15.2%) offered a course: 8.4% of 1667 associate colleges, 16.1% of baccalaureate institutions, 25.3% of master's institutions, and 32.9% of doctoral institutions. This indicates a need to increase access to genetics education in 2-yr colleges. Based on instructor responses, approximately 32,000–37,000 students annually complete an NSM human genetics course out of approximately 1.9 million students earning a college degree each year (2.0%). Regarding course content, instructors consistently rated many concepts significantly higher in importance than the emphasis placed on those concepts in their courses. Although time could be a factor, instructors need guidance in the integration of the various concepts into their courses. Considering only 30.2% of the instructors were reportedly trained in genetics (another 25.4% in molecular and cellular biology) and the small fraction of students completing NSM human genetics courses, these results demonstrate the need for increasing the availability of these courses in undergraduate institutions of higher education, and particularly at 2-yr colleges.     

Relationship between R&D expenditures and publication output for U.S. colleges and universities

Two large independent sources of data, NSF's University Science Statistics Program Integrated Data Base and CHI Research's bibliometric data base, are brought together in a comprehensive study of the relationships among research resources, as measured by R&D expenditures, and research output, as measured by the quantity and visibility of scientific journal articles. The study is based on approximately 500 U.S. colleges and universities. For each of 11 fields of science, there is strong indication of a linear relationship between R&D expenditures and number of papers. The evidence also indicates a positive relationship between number of cites received per paper and number of papers published, but only for papers published in the basic research journals of the fields of chemistry, physics, and biology.     

Preparation,style, and format of doctoral dissertations in U.S. colleges and universities

While much criticism has been leveled at graduate education in major United States colleges and universities in the recent past, this study investigated the style and format variables related to preparation of the dissertation and associated matters. The results of this study indicate that a significant amount of introspective evaluation of the dissertation process and product has taken place over the last five years. Technological advances, quality concerns, and increased student involvement in the preparation process have been recognized and incorporated into new dissertation requirements, and a trend toward decentralized monitoring of dissertation preparation is evident from the results. Also presented are comparative information and data contrasting current practices with those reported in a 1975–76 survey of the same population. In both cases the response rate for the survey was greater than 85%, thus providing a very definitive picture of the current status of dissertation preparation.     

美国师范教育的发展历史给我们的启示

美国的师范教育经历了师范学校、师范学院及综合大学教育院（系）三个阶段，这种演变蕴藏一些规律，对我国师范教育的改革有一定的启示作用。     

College entrance programs of compensatory education: Experience in the U.S.A.

This article summarizes an extended study carried out by Oberlin College, Ohio. Bright thirteen-year old black pupils were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group was given compensatory instruction until they were of college age. Comparisons with the control group showed that nearly all of these pupils — from backgrounds where completing secondary school and attending college are both unexpected — entered college.     

Eliciting critical literacy narratives of bi/multilingual teacher candidates across U.S. teacher education contexts

This paper examines critical literacy narratives of bi/multilingual preservice teachers across contexts in the United States. It draws upon empirical data from two studies—a narrative inquiry with Latino teacher candidates in the Midwest and a participatory action research project with bilingual preservice teachers in Hawaii—to examine participants’ identities and experience in academia. Preservice teachers in both studies resisted the labeling practice of “minority” and challenged simplistic notions of “bilingual teacher identity.” This cross-examination argues for further ways to explore how teacher preparation programs should create dialogic spaces for making the voices of diverse preservice teachers heard.