从日本强震看图书馆灾备建设

今年3月11日日本发生的大地震,给各行业的防灾系统建设鸣响了警报,尤其是收藏有大量珍贵历史文献的图书馆、档案馆。本文探讨了图书馆、档案馆的灾备建设,希望对其先进化的管理起到抛砖引玉作用。     

Dissemination and Discovery of Diverse Data: Do Libraries Promote Their Unique Research Data Collections?

ABSTRACT

Academic libraries acquire and steward numeric datasets as well as large collections of image files, audio archives, digital texts, and other non-numeric resources. This article considers how a sample of libraries in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom present these collections and make them available for discovery. And, importantly, the article examines whether these non-numeric collections are positioned on the library Website as research datasets, rather than as artifacts of limited local and/or historical interest. Findings from this analysis may help collection managers and Web designers as libraries define their role in connecting users to research data.     

肯塔基数字图书馆

肯塔基数字图书馆（KDL）是一个整合肯塔基州本土文化及历史资料的具有地方特色的数字图书馆。作为美国国家科学数字图书馆（NSDL）项目的一部分,肯塔基数字图书馆免费为地方及相关民众提供丰富而独特的本土资源与服务。文章分别从资源组织、技术特征、服务特点三个方面对该数字图书馆作了评述,并从整体角度提出对于该数字图书馆的评价和建议。     

Smithsonian Team Flickr: a library,archives, and museums collaboration in web 2.0 space

The Flickr Commons was created as a forum for institutions to share their rich photographic collections with the emerging Web 2.0 audience of Flickr; the Smithsonian Institution was the fourth member of the Commons. The Smithsonian effort was a direct collaborative effort of the libraries, archives, museums, and information technology staff that generated new pathways for collaboration between these units. As the world’s largest museum complex, these Smithsonian units serve as a microcosm for collaboration in the information age. The Flickr Commons project provided insights into how the knowledge, skills, and abilities of libraries, archives, and museums (LAM) can converge in the Web 2.0 environment to provide collection access to new, and in some cases unknown, audiences. Simultaneously, by putting “LAM” content into an environment that allows for direct interaction by these audiences, the knowledge of the content for holding institutions is enriched. By exposing Smithsonian content within the Flickr environment, the Institution is learning what content is desired by the Web 2.0 world, how to bring crowd-sourcing into professionally curated collections, and how to bring diverse institutional skills together in a collaborative project.     

图档博机构“数字叙事驱动型”馆藏利用模型

数字人文浪潮为图书馆、档案馆、博物馆(LAM)等文化遗产机构的馆藏资源保存、传播和利用提供新的契机。在LAM数字转型、公共服务合作化、用户需求多样化背景下,探寻符合数字人文精神内核的LAM馆藏发展之路具有重要的意义。通过文献研究和模型设计,文章对LAM领域运用数字叙事开展馆藏利用服务的理论与实践进行梳理,在此基础上提出“数字叙事驱动型”(DSD)馆藏利用模型,并从该模型的核心特点、组成架构、实践案例3个方面进行剖析,旨在为数字环境下LAM创新业务内容、服务人文研究、传承和发展人类文明成果提供新的路径。     

Understanding storage environmental stability during power outages: A key issue in sub-tropical climates

Efficient air-conditioning systems facilitate climate control in modern museums, libraries, and archives. The climate in Hong Kong is typically hot and humid, so the survival of collections is highly dependent on 24-hour air-conditioning systems to maintain the desired environment in repositories of archives and books, or artefact stores. The continuous operation of such systems in turn relies on a number of factors, such as uninterrupted electricity supply, an active maintenance programme, daily monitoring of their performance and quick response to irregularities as well as backup or alternative systems to support the air-conditioning load in case they are down for servicing. From the risk management point of view, unlike the latter four factors, electricity supply is an external factor that cannot be guaranteed. Fluctuation in the power level that results in stoppage of air-conditioning equipment is not uncommon even in well-developed countries. Long power outages could be catastrophic as they might lead to irreversible damage to collection items as a result of fast, large, changes in temperature and relative humidity (RH) towards the external environment if the air-tightness or hygrothermal stability of the storage are not good enough. Understanding storage environmental stability, especially during electrical power disruptions, is an essential part of the preservation measures and disaster preparedness necessary to protect valuable collections in cultural heritage institutions in the region.     

非物质文化遗产文献建设模式探讨

非物质文化遗产文献记载了非物质文化遗产内容,对地方文化建设和区域经济发展有着重大的历史及现实价值。当前非物质文化遗产文献建设分散进行,不利于对非物质文化遗产文献的收集、积累、保存、利用和合理布局。各级非物质文化遗产保护单位、档案馆、图书馆应分工合作、优势互补,建立资源共建共享的非物质文化遗产文献保护体系,在政策法规的规范及保障各权利主体利益的前提下共同搞好非物质文化遗产文献建设。     

档案文创产品IP化探解——基于故宫《石渠宝笈》项目的思考

镇馆之宝焕发新生问题、赋予馆藏IP生命力问题、将馆藏IP内容商业化问题等是档案馆、博物馆、图书馆等在馆藏文创过程中面临的共性难题.再现:选择适合馆藏的表现形式,实现镇馆之宝IP化,是赋予镇馆之宝新生的首要条件.再造:根据原有IP创作出符合当代人审美需求的好内容,是馆藏IP根植于人心的基本条件.再生:根据IP内容做出能出...     

Relationships, trust and learning: experiences of emerging professionals working in collecting institutions

When emerging professionals start working in archival institutions, libraries and museums (also referred to as collecting institutions), they bring knowledge and skills gained through internships, formal study, volunteer activities and previous work experience. They learn new processes quickly, are passionate about working with holdings or collections and are keen to build their knowledge. They gain exposure to the different disciplines that are reflected in the roles of archival institutions, libraries and museums as they build their professional identity and consider future career directions. What else do they need? A research study about the experiences of a group of individuals embarking on first or subsequent careers and starting new positions in collecting institutions found that relationships were an essential component in developing their skills and knowledge and planning their future directions. The article would be of interest to students looking ahead to working in an archives, library or museum and exploring career paths; supervisors and mentors who work with emerging professionals; professional associations and communities of practice; and educators who have a role in developing curriculum in educational or workplace contexts.     

Student artists in the library: an investigation of how they use general academic libraries for their creative needs

Although academic librarians may not be fully aware of how student artists use library collections, information obtained from focus group interviews reveals how student artists use academic libraries to support their artwork, what these students seek, and how they feel about their experiences.     

Breaking rules for good? How archivists manage privacy in large-scale digitisation projects

Digital archives are a popular way for archivists to provide access to their important collections, but they also create more opportunities for private information within these collections to be disseminated widely and without consent. This is especially true of collections of the recent past, which often include materials and testimonies from living individuals. This paper draws on interview data collected from 13 archivists at four institutions that created digital archives of Civil Rights Movement-era materials. Despite clear professional obligations to protect individual privacy, the author found that archivists relied on open-access policies to justify their projects and digitisation labour itself.     

Discovering Indigenous Australian Culture: Building Trusted Engagement in Online Environments

ABSTRACT

Promoting and facilitating access to historical collections for Indigenous communities has recently increased across Australia. Such activities have been integrated into the practices of archives and libraries seeking to reunite Indigenous people with materials that not only document their past but also inform their future. Challenges in accessing these materials go beyond retrieval and include concerns about their emotional content. The State Library of New South Wales is working to create trusted environments for Indigenous peoples and collections with both physical and digital spaces. Through the presentation of work undertaken at the State Library, this article explores how the digital environment can be an effective extension of the physical site in which cultural collections are held. In addition, this article looks at issues that must be addressed to ensure the success and ongoing viability of Web spaces, specifically, the long-standing power dynamics that often dominate interactions with Indigenous collections and that have displaced power from the traditional owners of Indigenous knowledge.     

Tales untold: The connection between instruction and reference services

This article examines the relationship between bibliographic instruction and reference services. It provides historical definitions for the two services, reviews selected literature that comments on this relationship, and, in turn, considers questions that librarians might ponder as they look at the relationship between reference and instruction in the age of information literacy. The results of a survey distributed to and completed by libraries in the Southeast provide information about how these libraries are making connections between the two services. Finally, recommendations for improving the teaching of information literacy at the reference desk and in instruction classes are provided.     

Social Media Use in Academic Libraries: A Phenomenological Study

Academic libraries are increasingly engaged on social media in order to connect with diverse community groups and move beyond the traditional bounds of the library. This research uses a phenomenological approach and Institutional Theory to explore social media postings at six different public and private university libraries in two Midwest states. The research addresses what themes emerge among the university library's social media pages and what, if any, differences in themes emerge based on the status of the library in question. Social media postings included ten different codes: archives; collections; events; exhibits; facility; library community; sentiments; services; site management; and university community. These codes were tied to three different themes: libraries create a sense of outreach and advocacy with the goal of establishing community connection, providing an inviting environment, and access to content as needed or desired. Ultimately, while libraries at universities with an ARL library or an MLS granting degree program showed a similar breakdown between these three themes, libraries at other master's degree institutions spent less time on making community connections in lieu of posting content and information about the library's environment.     

关于高校图书馆开展合作咨询的思考

高校图书馆与其他信息机构利用各自的优势开展合作咨询,为社会服务,是当今高校图书馆信息咨询工作发展的趋势.文章在阐述高校图书馆开展合作咨询的必要性和可行性的基础上,着重论述了合作咨询的具体形式和内容.     

Applications of diversity language to descriptions of collection development activities at academic libraries: An exploratory analysis of strategic plans and diversity information webpages

Diversity is commonly invoked as a goal for libraries in a variety of domains, including collections. This study explores how diversity language is used to characterize collection development efforts at a sample of large North American academic libraries, through content analysis of strategic planning documents as well as library webpages providing information about diversity efforts. The topic of collection diversity was found to be not consistently addressed in these documents. While 90 % of the institutions whose strategic plans were examined mentioned diversity in some way, less than half of these did so in relation to collections; about one-third of the libraries with diversity information pages omitted reference to collections in these documents. Strategic plans and webpages that mentioned collection diversity often did so cursorily, and in vague terms that lacked specific details about the nature and purpose of diversification. This indicates that the academic libraries still have far to go in developing a shared conceptualization of what collection diversity involves. Analysis of updated documents, retrieved two years after the initial sample, suggests that there may be increasing attention to social justice concerns in these contexts, which would potentially enable greater precision in discussions of collection diversification.     

Risks and Opportunities for Natural History Collections: Moving Toward a Unified Policy

The current status of natural history collections is complex and seemingly contradictory. While opportunities for collections to serve society are greater than ever, many institutions find that their ability to care for collections is diminishing. Competition for resources, especially in academic institutions, is one reason. But there is also sometimes a lack of clear mission for collections within organizations themselves. The Association of Systematics Collections (ASC) provides programs and resources to help institutions meet the challenge of maintaining natural history collections. If collections are truly endangered, we can help ensure that they are not lost to science and society.     

褐木庐——一个逝去的戏剧图书馆

宋春航的褐木庐图书馆收藏世界各国的不同版本、不同语种的,与戏剧相关的图书。褐木庐的藏书特点是:世界范围的专业收藏,全面、自始至终的专业管理。其对戏剧界乃至文化界具有历史性的影响,对我国当代艺术家的艺术活动和艺术发展也具有深远的意义。宋春舫的藏书思想与方法值得今日的图书馆人与藏书人借鉴与思考。     

Selected Test Collections in the United States:

Although a literature search yields much data on validity, reliability and construction of educational and psychological tests, little information on test collection management in libraries is available. The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign initiated a survey of selected test collections in order to verify that their practices conformed with those of other institutions. An attempt was also made to rank collections and compare staff and budget allocations. The fact that two other institutions were found during the distribution and compilation of the survey to be engaged in a similar activity indicates that there is currently great interest in the management of test collections in libraries.     

发达国家图书档案事业结盟与合作战略规划综述

基于数字环境下图书馆与档案馆在文化遗产保护与继承、公共信息服务提供、政府信息管理等方面职责的一致性,通过战略规划文本的内容,分析国际组织、美国、英国、加拿大等发达国家图书档案事业的结盟、合作、合并态势,综述评价了国外图书档案战略规划及合作的若干经验。主要包括:公共文化服务机构的共同愿景与职责的定位与认知;应对数字技术与文化变革挑战的强烈的职业使命感;内涵丰富且注重实施绩效的规划体系;作为公共文化服务机构的图书馆与档案馆的实质性结盟与合并。国外图书档案事业结盟与合作的经验可供中国借鉴。参考文献44。