百川归海:多元视角共话课程整合--第十七届上海国际课程论坛述评

第十七届上海国际课程论坛于2019年11月1日-2日在华东师范大学举行。以"多元视角下的课程整合"为主题,本次课程论坛围绕课程整合的理念、路径、经验等问题进行了集中探讨。沿循课程整合的应然思考、课程整合的国际经验、课程整合的中国故事这一逻辑,本文对论坛主要内容进行了梳理,然后面向未来,提出课程整合研究应注重丰富整合意蕴,统筹分合关系,聚焦核心素养,优化评价机制。     

培智学校课程改革与社会适应目标探析

本文在回顾智力落后儿童社会适应能力定义的基础上,分析了社会适应目标在智力落后教育与培智学校中的重要地位;对我国培智学校课程体系中的社会适应目标进行了详细回顾与分析;以社会适应能力为切入口,对我国培智学校课程改革的发展方向进行了讨论与思考。培智学校的课程改革要“以生活质量为导向”;既注意课程的统合,又要注意课程的分层;要向“学校为本位的课程”模式发展;同时,注重“均衡课程”的发展。     

信息技术与课程整合的两个研究视角

从课程建设的层面理解信息技术与课程整合,可以从两个视角出发：宏观上,信息技术与学科课程的整合存在两条发展线索,一条是指从过往“独立封闭”的计算机课程向以信息技术课程为主体整合其他课程要素的方向发展;另一条是指从过往“独立封闭”的其他课程向以该课程为主体整合信息技术的方向发展。微观上,信息技术在课程整合过程中扮演的角色,如作为课程内容的信息技术、作为课程实施中介的信息技术、作为拓展课程资源的信息技术和作为建构信息环境的信息技术等。不论是宏观还是微观视角,都应超越信息技术与教学整合的思路。     

Integration models for indigenous public health curricula

All graduates of Master of Public Health (MPH) programmes in Australia are expected to achieve a core set of Indigenous public health competencies designed to train ‘judgement safe practitioners’. A curriculum framework document was developed alongside the competencies to assist programme providers to integrate appropriate Indigenous content, but it does not describe the intended integration model. A review of MPH programmes was undertaken to determine the extent of integration, identify examples of best practice and explore how integration can be improved. Data from the consolidated review findings were analysed using a staged approach. Several models of curricula integration were identified, building on known models, and definitions developed that differentiate features according to the extent of integration achieved. The model recommended in the literature as best practice, known to promote deep learning, was found in only one of the reviewed programmes. This combination model supports development of reflexive practitioners who can operate across different disciplines and ways of knowing. Enablers and barriers were explored to explain why some integration models were more commonly found. Implications for curriculum reform are outlined with strategies to assist implementation of a combined integration model, a necessary learning approach to enhance student cultural competence.     

“以学生为中心”的理念在高中国际课程融合教学中的实践与思考

随着基础教育阶段国际化的不断深入,在坚持立足本土、兼容并包的课程融合实践中,研究提出了高中国际课程融合教学实践的三个支点和四个突出特点以及课程融合教学实践中采用的“差异化教学”“混合式学习”“多元化评价”三个策略。“以学生为中心”并不是要弱化教师的作用;要真正落实“眼中有人,心中有人”;“以学生为中心”是为了学生,而不是站在学生的立场上。     

Extract from new understandings of teachers' pedagogic knowledge 1

Abstract

The focus of this article is a comparative review of the science curriculum for England and Wales from the perspective of recent developments in the United States of America, Australia, New Zealand and the Canadian province of Ontario. In the comparison of science curriculum documents and the language deployed, questions are raised about differences as well as commonalities among and between documents from various jurisdictions. Issues discussed include: the varying emphases upon science topics and/or intended learning outcomes; integration with other curriculum areas; the content and organization of the science curriculum; and ways of assessing students’ performances and understandings. The article draws attention to the importance of comparative analysis which informs our understanding of the effects of curriculum change, its relation to students’ achievements in science, and the need to support the development of teachers.     

A Rational Examination of Integrating “Classics” into University General Education Curriculum: An Empirical Survey Based on N University

Abstract

The power of general education curriculum comes from the enduring classics. The authors apply research methods such as questionnaire survey, interview, and observation to investigate the state of general education curriculum implementation at N University and analyze problems faced by incorporating classics. Based on this, the authors propose that universities should rationally review the practical value of “classics” in general education and enhance the effective integration of classics into general education curriculum by improve the texts for teaching, instruction methods, teaching personnel, and assessment modes, to achieve general education’s objective of cultivating the “whole person.”     

高师院校构建教师职前职后教育一体化课程体系的实践与思考

中小学教师职前职后教育一体化是高师教育改革的难点,而课程建设与教学内容的一体化又是整个教师教育一体化的重点。我们可以采取如下策略构建教师教育一体化课程体系:明确职前培养与职后培训的课程目标;科学设置职前职后一体化的课程内容;探索与职前培养相衔接、呼应的职后培训课程实施模式。     

品德与社会课程综合性的多重教育价值

新一轮基础教育课程改革中,我国在小学开设的品德与社会课程是一门综合性很强的课程。课程的综合化发展是本次课程改革的一大亮点。品德与社会课程综合性的价值取向主要体现在三个方面:1.实现品德与社会课程形态的综合性有利于课程面向生活。2.实现品德与社会课程形态的综合性有利于对学生进行公民教育。3.品德与社会课程形态的综合性有利于学生良好品德的形成。     

Implementing curriculum integration: The experiences of Korean elementary teachers

This study examines 1) how Korean elementary teachers implement curriculum integration in their teaching practice and 2) what Korean elementary teachers experience in implementing curriculum integration. Several issues evolved from the analysis of three teachers ’ experiences: firstly, the teachers ’ lack of theoretical frameworks for curriculum integration, secondly, the teachers ’ pragmatic approach to curriculum integration, and thirdly, the limitations on implementing curriculum integration. In order for curriculum integration to be properly implemented and sustained, teachers ’ roles in and understanding of the curricula are crucial. Thus, the implications of the findings are discussed in terms of teacher preparation and training.     

Understanding integrated curriculum

Abstract

Integrated curriculum is currently being advocated in the United States to ‘solve’ many of the curriculum problems confronting education. Models of curriculum integration permeate the professional literature, yet there is little consensus as to exactly what is meant by integrated curriculum and how to establish such curricula in the publicly funded schools. The language of curriculum integration is confusing and leads to uncertainty and concern about the potential of integrated curriculum to impact positively on schools. Placing the models on a curriculum continuum will reveal that they range from traditional discipline‐based, objective‐driven, teacher‐controlled models to interest‐based, student exploration. Although historically research supports integrative curriculum, there is a paucity of current research which would support arguments for restructuring the American curriculum in this fashion. Additionally, there is a great deal of resistance to change both from within and outside the educational community to massive curriculum restructuring.     

五育并举视域下的学校课程融合:理据、形态与方式

新时代学校课程必须在五育并举的理念下,从课程设置、课程结构内容和组织方式等方面进行深刻变革,在做优分科课程的同时,强化课程的综合性和实践性,推进跨学科课程融合,充分发挥课程的综合育人价值。课程融合是基于完整生命主体的发展需求,指向全面发展人的育人目标;基于知识融会贯通,指向形成整体性的思维方式;基于育人方式创新,指向基础教育课程改革深化。为此,学校课程着力构建起为促进人全面发展的“活动一知识一社会”三位一体的课程融合结构框架,通过概念、主题、现象和方法等整合方式,形成学科间融合课程、领域间融合课程和活动融合课程的课程形态,真正实现五育并举、融合育人。     

信息技术与课程整合的问题与对策

个体获取信息、应用加工信息的能力不但是评价其综合素质的一项重要指标,而且被看作是信息时代每个社会成员的基本生存能力。这体现在课程上,信息技术与课程的整合便是对信息时代的回应。但在整合过程中出现了＂整合＂概念偏狭、由＂讲授＂走向＂演示和播放＂的偏向、＂整合＂目的未整合的误区。解决这些误区的对策是加强理论学习,明确整合内涵、探索整合模式,优化整合过程、实现有效整合,达至目标双赢。     

地方院校新建对外汉语专业的课程建设与发展思考——以兰州城市学院为例

课程设置是人才培养方案的核心,很多地方院校新建的对外汉语专业在课程建设上面还有诸多问题.本文以笔者就职的兰州城市学院为例,回顾了对外汉语专业的几次课程改革,就外语类课程的整合、课程配套的多媒体视听室的建设及跨专业文化技能选修课的开设等方面,进行了思考和探讨.抛砖引玉,以求推进地方院校新建对外汉语专业的课程建设.     

关于综合课程的若干理论问题

综合课程是一个历史性与时代性相统一的概念。早在 19世纪就形成了两种基本的课程综合化的原理———“相关综合原理”与“经验综合原理”。综合课程在整个 2 0世纪的发展则指向于统一儿童与学科知识。从类型学的角度看 ,综合课程可分为“学科本位综合课程”、“社会本位综合课程”、“儿童本位综合课程”。课程走向综合化有重要的理论根据。开发综合课程需要注意若干策略问题。     

地方课程的发展检视与时代再建构

地方课程是基础教育课程体系中的有机组成部分。其发展大致经历了四个阶段。在发展过程中还存在一些问题,在基础教育课程体系中,地方课程是个薄弱环节。对地方课程发展的检视,应聚焦于课程定位,关键是对“地方性”的再讨论,不妨将“地方性知识”作为课程支撑理论之一。但要从中国文化出发,进行时代转换,厘清“国家性”“民族性”与“地方性”,“一体”与“多元”,“和”与“异”等关系,把握好国家课程与地方课程等关系。要在基于与超越“地方性”中,进行地方课程的再建构,将地方课程纳入更高水平的育人体系,探索地方课程落实立德树人根本任务的实现方式。     

中学数理融合教学的概念、体系和实施

中学数理融合教学是新课程改革国家要求“改变课程结构过于强调学科本位、科目过多和缺乏整合的现状”前提下产生的一种教学形式。中学数理融合教学过程强调多样性、聚合性和创新性,具有多元化的教学特征,是学科整合背景下对数学和物理的知识、思维、方法的再组织和提炼。中学数理融合教学体系的功能是筛选和整合教学对象、教学内容、课程设置、呈现方式、教学范式、教学评价和教学保障等要素,促进数理学科融合教学活动的有效实施,提升学生的创新性素养。中学数理融合教学的实施路径为:探索新的学科融合教学方法,优化课程设计;开发建设数理融合校本课程;组建融合型创新学习团队,实行“联合培养”模式;开展数理融合科研课题研究,产学研相结合发展创新能力;建立促进学科融合发展的教学机制。     

日本高中数学新课程中数学史料的分析及其启示

数学史与数学课程的整合是日本新课程改革的一大特色.日本高中数学新课程中数学史料的分布及其处理特点给我们的启示有:我国高中数学新课程与数学史的整合应淡化形式,注重实质;要从古今中外数学史中依据多种主题选择史料;不要为介绍数学史而引入数学史;还应加强教师的数学史修养.     

信息技术与课程整合的含义、层次及整合点

信息技术与课程整合,就是利用信息技术的教学功能,实现教学内容的呈现方式、学生的学习方式、教师的教学方式和师生的互动方式的变革,以促进教学目标的顺利实现。根据信息技术的定位及其与课程的整合程度,信息技术与课程整合可以分为独立开课、工具性整合和课程改革三个层次。为此,应该从学习理念、课程目标、课程内容、学习方式、媒体技术等方面进行信息技术与课程整合的理论探索与实践研究,从而推动信息技术条件下的课程改革,促进信息技术与课程整合的深入发展。     

管窥当前台湾语文课程发展

当前台湾语文课程有 6大特色 :以“语文学习领域”取代传统的“语文学科” ;重视课程的基础建构 ;课程设计以学生为主体 ,以生活经验为重心 ;提升语文领域自身统整及与其他领域课程的多元统整功能 ;课程类型多元化 ;重视语文与资讯教育的融合。台湾语文课程的构建以生活为内涵 ,以学生和学校为本位 ,发展学生的基本能力和教师因时因地的弹性教学能力。这对当前我国因地制宜地发展地方学校课程具有一定的启示意义。