Time to get in: The contrasting stories about government interventions in information technology standards (the case of CDMA and IMT-2000 in Korea)

By analyzing the contrasting stories between the CDMA case and the IMT-2000 case in Korea, this paper examines the conditions for government intervention in information technology standardization. In these two cases, although the government had tried to induce information technology innovation by using de jure standardization, different results occurred. In the CDMA case, the government led the overall innovation process by getting compliance from private companies, whereas in the IMT-2000 case, the government faced resistance from private companies and, thus, did not achieve the intended results for information technology innovation. Why did similar standardization policies applied to similar cases bring about different results? From empirical evidence, we conclude that the success of government intervention in de jure standard-setting in information technologies is contingent on the following conditions: (1) technological conditions, related to technology knowledge and technology cycle; (2) market conditions, concerned with market governance structure and market prospects for technology; and (3) conditions for government capability, which provide technology knowledge and guarantee the technology market. All those conditions are the variables in determining a government-friendly environment and securing more compliance from private enterprises in information technology innovation through de jure standard-setting.     

Supporting self-evaluation in local government via Knowledge Discovery and Data mining

The business sector has already recognized the importance of information flow for good management, with many businesses adopting new technology in data mining and data warehousing for intelligent operation based on free flow of information. Free flow of information in government agencies is just as important. For example, in child welfare, entities that fund social services programs have increasingly demanded improved outcomes for clients in return for continued financial support. To this end, most child welfare agencies are paying more attention to the outcomes of children in their care. In North Carolina, many county departments of social services have successfully adopted the self-evaluation model to monitor the effects of their programs on the outcomes of children. Such efforts in self-evaluation require good information flow from state division of social services to county departments of social services. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive KDD (Knowledge Discovery and Data mining) information system that could upgrade information flow in government agencies. We present the key elements of the information system and demonstrate how such a system could be successfully implemented via a case study in North Carolina. The next generation infrastructure in digital government must incorporate such information system to enable effective information flow in government agencies without compromising individual privacy.     

中小企业融资难的成因及解决途径

融资困难是阻碍中国的中小企业发展的瓶颈所在.导致这种困难的原因是多方面的,包括政府、金融机构和企业自身.要解决中小企业融资困难,需要构建有效的金融支持政策和企业金融政策,政府、金融机构、金融服务中介等相关的机构共同帮助中小企业克服困难,加快发展.     

The willingness of e-Government service adoption by business users: The role of offline service quality and trust in technology

Prior e-Government research has paid much attention to e-Government service adoption from the supplier side - the government - while mostly overlooking the user side of e-Government, such as citizens and businesses. While there have been some initial efforts to study citizens in their adoption behavior, few have examined what influences the willingness of businesses in adopting e-Government services. This research attempts to fill this research gap by addressing the following research question: Why are some businesses more willing to adopt e-Government applications to perform transactions with the government than others? The authors argue that the willingness of a business to adopt e-Government depends on the perceived quality of government services through traditional brick and mortar service channels (offline service channels), and the level of trust businesses place in the internet technology itself. Competing hypotheses are developed with regard to the role of perceived quality of offline services on the business user's willingness to adopt e-Government services. Using data obtained from a local district government in Seoul, Korea, the analysis revealed that the willingness to adopt e-Government increased when business users perceived high quality service provision in offline service channels. However, trust in the internet technology itself did not have any significant impact on their willingness. The theoretical and practical implications of the study finding are discussed.     

The role of policy entrepreneurs in open government data policy innovation diffusion: An analysis of Australian Federal and State Governments

Open government data (OGD) policy differs substantially from the existing Freedom of Information policies. Consequently OGD can be viewed as a policy innovation. Drawing on both innovation diffusion theory and its application to public policy innovation research, we examine Australia's OGD policy diffusion patterns at both the federal and state government levels based on the policy adoption timing and CKAN portal “Organization” and “Category” statistics. We found that state governments that had adopted OGD policies earlier had active policy entrepreneurs (or lead departments/agencies) responsible for the policy innovation diffusion across the different government departments. We also found that their efficacy ranking was relatively high in terms of OGD portal openness when openness is measured by the greater number of datasets proactively and systematically published through their OGD portals. These findings have important implications for the role played by OGD policy entrepreneurs in openly sharing the government-owned datasets with the public.     

Business perceptions and satisfaction with e-government: Findings from a Canadian survey

This paper examines business perceptions and satisfaction with e-government. Survey data is analyzed from businesses across Canada to determine their use of e-government and their perceived satisfaction with this technology for public service delivery. There are three research questions of this paper: 1) Are there significant differences for businesses that use the internet to contact government compared to those that do not? 2) Is there is a relationship between having a more positive perception overall by business of government and e-government satisfaction? and 3) Is there a relationship between businesses having input into regulatory changes, essentially being inclusive of business in the regulatory process, and e-government satisfaction? The results from the statistical models indicated that all three questions were confirmed. The findings of this study imply that governments should try to understand the business environment. A more positive attitude by business towards government, and being more inclusive of business in regulatory changes, leads to greater e-government satisfaction.     

Government innovation through social media

Social media in government is becoming one of the major trends in Electronic Government (e-government) research and practice worldwide. During the last few years, several authors have addressed the potential of social media for the innovation of public sector organizations. Most of these contributions have focused on the technical dimensions of social media, while other aspects have not attracted equal attention. In contrast, this introductory article interrogates the role of social media in the basic areas of e-government: government information flows and the availability of government information; the use of information technology to create and provide innovative government services; the impact of information technology on the relationships between the governed and those governing; and the increasing importance of information policies and information technologies for democratic practices. Accordingly, the next few pages propose and develop three dimensions of social media in government: tools, goals, and topics. We think that these dimensions could help to better understand the use of social media in government settings. Then, after a brief review of current trends in social media and government research, we present the articles included in this special issue. Finally, we present some practical lessons and suggest ideas for future research. This special issue could be seen as a starting point for the development of innovation through social media in public administrations around the world.     

政府在创新集群共性技术平台建设中的作用

共性技术平台建设是发展创新集群的一项主要内容,无论是在宏观还是微观层面上,政府都应在发展“共 性技术”这类准公共产品上发挥重要作用。政府在创新集群共性技术平台建设中的作用模式大致可归纳为政府主导型、政 府合作型、政府支持型三类,各有不同的表现形式和优缺点。建议政府通过选择性支持、鼓励“官产学研”多元主体合作 发展、产权激励、发展PPP 模式和构建高效能动型共性技术供给、转化系统等方式进一步发挥在创新集群共性技术平台 建设中的作用。     

政府电子文件协同管理:美国经验及其启示

加强政府电子文件协同管理是促进政府电子文件高效管理和价值实现的有效路径。采用协同创新管理理论框架对近五年美国国家档案与文件署发布的电子文件管理相关政策进行文本分析,并对五个部门工作人员进行访谈,深入了解政策现状,归纳总结出美国在政府电子文高效协同管理方面的措施,揭示其在目标协同、主体协同、客体协同、过程协同、要素协同五个方面的协同经验。最后,结合我国实践需求,提出了借鉴五个方面经验,促进政府电子文件协同管理路径高效的启示。     

国外科技计划项目数据汇交政策及对我国的启示

科技计划项目数据汇交政策是保证科学数据有序汇交的前提。在调研国外科技计划项目管理机构、学术期 刊机构、相关数据组织等三类机构的现有数据汇交政策,并对比美国自然科学基金会（NSF）与我国科技部国家重点基 础研究发展计划（973 计划）资源环境领域项目数据汇交的政策差异的基础上,指出国外科技计划项目数据汇交在数据 汇交政策制定、数据质量控制、数据产权保护、数据共享服务等6 个方面对我国的启示。     

Federal information: Foundation for national competitiveness

The National Technical Information Service functions as a cornerstone for the Federal technological publishing structure in the United States. It is a key participant in the development of those information processes that are helping, in part, to support U.S. productivity and industrial innovation. NTIS, which recognizes the relationship between information and competiveness, links the end products of information producers to those who need them. Many complicated issues confront all of us, in terms of sharing information for greater national competitiveness. For example, what steps can be taken to ensure and improve the use of government generated scientific and technical knowledge, how can NTIS better serve more government sources and customers, and what are the implications of recent government policies in terms of technology transfer? This article explores these and related issues.     

REGNET: Regulatory information management,compliance and analysis

This paper provides an overview of a research effort that aims to investigate methodologies and tools to facilitate access, compliance and analysis of government regulations. The complexity, diversity, and volume of government regulations are detrimental to business and hinder public understanding of government. The burden of complying with regulations can fall disproportionately on small businesses since these businesses may not have the expertise or resources to keep track of the regulations and the requirements. Regulations emanating from different agencies, each has its own objectives and scopes of concerns, may overlap on similar and related issues and may have inconsistency. The situation can potentially be improved by developing appropriate methodologies and tools that can help facilitate the development and analysis of regulatory documents as well as compliance process. To illustrate, this paper discusses the applications of information technology for selected services related to regulations, such as compliance assistance and comparison of regulations.     

京津冀地区技术市场推进科技创新效力的实证研究

基于北京、天津、河北三地2008-2012 年R&D经费支出、R&D人员全时当量和技术市场总成交额等数据, 构建面板数据时点固定效应模型,对影响京津冀地区技术创新能力的各因素进行研究,重点探讨了技术市场与科技创 新能力之间的关系。结果表明,技术市场交易额对专利授权数具有显著的正向作用,但影响程度极其微弱。需建立技 术市场信息统一平台,规范技术评估标准,健全技术市场的风险投融资机制,并辅以提供补贴等措施,发挥技术市场 对技术创新能力提升的积极作用。     

论我国国家创新体系的信息资源配置

在国家创新体系中,知识的配置能力和效率(知识配置力),已经成为衡量国家创新体系运行效率的主要指标。国家创新体系的信息资源配置模式应是以政府宏观调控为主导,信息资源的市场配置为补充的合作与竞争模式。参考文献7。     

我国政府数据开放共享政策体系构建

[目的/意义] 政府数据开放共享已纳入国家大数据战略。本文旨在针对国家大数据战略,提出我国政府数据开放共享的政策体系。[方法/过程] 采用循证政策研究方法,构建我国政府数据开放共享的政策体系。[结果/结论] 我国政府数据开放共享的政策体系分为基础设施层、数据管理层和政府治理层三个层次。基础设施层包括数据及其元数据政策、IT技术政策（包括社交媒体政策）、数据中心政策、数据平台标准指南、具备互操作性的系统政策、数据存储仓库规范等;数据管理层有数据创建与汇集政策、数据处理政策、数据归档与保存政策、数据开放和共享政策、数据获取与利用政策;政府治理层由数据安全政策、数据权益政策、公众参与政策、数据能力政策、组织支持政策、资金投入政策等构成。该体系为政府数据开放共享提供了政策框架,为后续政策的深入研究提供了方向。     

Financing innovation: A bibliometric analysis of the field

This article presents a bibliometric analysis of the financing of innovation during the period 2001–2016. Among the most prominent journals in the field are Research Policy, Technovation and Small Business Economics; among the most influential authors are Petersen, Hall, Himmelberg, Lerner and Brown; and the most connected documents are those by Hall (2002) and Brown, Fazzari, and Petersen (2009). The field is fragmented and uses a variety of financial theoretical models. Salient topics in the field are financial constraints, funding sources (internal and external), capital structure, venture capital and financing of technology companies.     

Public and private sector uses of economic census data

This article describes the principal uses of the data collected in the Economic Census. Namely, the data serve as a framework and statistical benchmark for current economic surveys; as source data for calculating composite measures of the nation's economy; and as the basis for planning and monitoring of national, state, and local economic policies and programs. The data also are used for research, planning, marketing, and management by private sector businesses. In addition, they are important for measuring and tracking changes in economic activity.     

Globalization,networks, and governance: Researching global ICT programs

Global ICT programs are defined as new and universal modes of organizing mediated by technology and enacted through a novel mix of policy instruments, international institutions, business interests, and techno/managerial concepts. Largely unexplored in the various fields studying innovation and digital technologies, such programs are of interest, not least because of their projected ability to promote innovation and help achieve new mechanisms of governance at local, national, and global scale. Based on relevant information systems research, this paper argues that we need a new theoretical understanding for the study of such programs and in order to explore their potential as a means of technology transfer and innovation in the developed and developing world.     

A framework for Internet of Things-enabled smart government: A case of IoT cybersecurity policies and use cases in U.S. federal government

Internet of Things (IoT) is ubiquitous in society. IoT-enabled dynamic capabilities in real-time sensing and responding can spur digital transformation in unlocking the potential of digital government into data-driven smart government capable of delivering policies and services of public interest and public value. However, the literature indicates challenges in IoT cybersecurity and systemic use across the government. There is the urgent need for IoT research on policy and use. This paper developed a framework for IoT-enabled smart government performance. We applied this framework to conduct case study analyses of digital technology policy, IoT cybersecurity policy, and IoT use in major application domains at the U.S. federal government level. The results show that some agencies were strategic and forward-thinking in funding and partnering with sub-national governments in promoting the IoT use. However, there remains a critical need for national IoT policies to promote systemic IoT use across the application domains.     

Engendering inclusive e-government use through citizen IT training programs

Around the world, governments turn to information technology (IT) training programs to enhance equitable delivery of online public services to citizens. However, the effectiveness of these citizen training programs has gone unexplored. This study is motivated by two objectives: 1) To evaluate whether citizen participation in government training programs is associated with greater e-government use among participants, and 2) To assess whether the strength of this relationship varies according to whether a citizen is elderly, disabled, or not – those who are elderly or disabled tend to use e-government the least. We use data from South Korean to examine these objectives. Findings indicate citizen participation in government IT training programs is positively associated with e-government use and that this relationship is stronger for citizens who are elderly or disabled. These findings highlight the potential of government IT training programs to mitigate the digital divide. Implications for research and practice are discussed.