IT knowledge integration capability and team performance: The role of team climate

Previous research considering a normative perspective for fostering knowledge integration at the team level of analysis underscores that teams are often reluctant to share important knowledge among their members. In the attempt to provide a wider perspective on team knowledge integration, we take a different perspective, basing our arguments on team climate theoretical framework. Specifically, we argue that an autonomy and experimental climate (i.e. shared perception that the team supports autonomous action and experimentation and risk taking) can favor the team's ability to integrate members’ knowledge. Indeed, focusing on members’ willingness to contribute to team well-being, team autonomy and experimental climate may enhance the team's capability to integrate knowledge enabled by the IT infrastructure (IT knowledge integration capability). We tested our research model on a sample of 410 members and leaders of 69 organizational work teams. Results show the critical role played by team climate in favoring IT knowledge integration capability, which in turn affects team outcomes.     

科技进步奖获奖项目完成机构的合作网络与合作模式

针对科技进步奖获奖项目完成机构间的合作关系,对机构合作网络进行分析,对机构间合作模式进行研究。首先,基于获奖项目完成机构的署名顺序构建项目和机构的向量矩阵,然后计算机构向量之间的余弦相似度并归一化处理得到机构相关性矩阵,从而得到机构合作网络;其次,采用社会网络分析指标对机构合作网络进行分析;最后,通过机构合作网络的凝聚子群算法发掘其中存在的科研团队并分析其合作模式。以我国某市科技进步奖获奖信息为测试数据,构建获奖项目完成机构合作网络进行分析和验证,以期为政府相关部门制定宏观科研政策、优化资源配置并促进科学技术的发展变革提供参考和理论支持。     

Emergence of creativity in IS development teams: A socio-technical systems perspective

Despite the crucial role of creativity in the dynamic and intricate practice of Information Systems Development (ISD), our understanding of its emergence in ISD teams is limited. Prior research has focused on isolated interventions into the people, structure, task, and technology components of ISD practices. However, the synergistic interactions between these components are often overlooked, resulting in interventions that may be ineffective or counterproductive. Drawing on Leavitt’s Socio-Technical Systems (STS) theory, this paper explores creativity as a synergistic outcome of interactions within and between the people, structure, task, and technology components. Our qualitative study at a multinational banking software provider reveals that creativity emerged from within-component interactions when innovators and facilitators in ISD teams interact empathetically during idea generation and evaluation, visualize ideas using technologies for representation and collaboration, and align their creative styles with the organization's formal and informal structures. Additionally, we found that interactions between the STS components in ISD team practices created stimulating environments for creativity to emerge. Our study advances an STS perspective on the emergence of creativity in ISD teams, emphasizing synergistic interactions between people, structure, task, and technology rather than isolated interventions. Practically, our findings provide insights into how IS professionals can nurture creativity by fostering empathetic leadership, aligning creative styles with organizational structures, and balancing tensions between control and drift.     

Knowledge collaboration among physicians in online health communities: A transactive memory perspective

Knowledge teams have emerged in online health communities (OHCs) where physicians collaborate spontaneously with others through the Internet to gather knowledge. Knowledge collaboration (KC) facilitates physicians’ communication and the provision of better services to patients in today's medical environment. However, the underlying mechanism through which KC improves team performance in OHCs is not clear. This study aims to advance understanding of the KC process by exploring the role of the transactive memory system (TMS). Real operation data from 1071 teams in a leading OHC in China used to understand both the antecedent and consequences of the TMS and the interaction effects among different dimensions of TMS. The findings have demonstrated that leader's capital was a critical factor in KC by promoting the effective TMS development and further affect both team's process and outcome performance. Positive moderating effects of coordination on the relationship between credibility and performance are also found. This study reveals for the first time the role of KC in improving performance in online health markets from the TMS perspective. The findings provide theoretical guidance to physician–physician collaborative teams with guidelines on boosting chances for higher performance.     

Knowledge sharing and team trustworthiness: it's all about social ties!

This paper empirically examines knowledge sharing within innovation teams and explores the relationship between knowledge sharing and trust. This relationship has generally been identified in the literature as an important aspect of knowledge management. However, its pertinence to knowledge transfer within and between teams is less obvious. The case study based on four information technology R&D teams in Taiwan suggests that trust between a knowledge holder and a receiver may not exist. In fact, it can be connected by a mediator, although the use of social relationship in which trust is rooted in both host and visitor's trust of the mediator. Thus, trust may be substituted by the social relationship in certain specific contexts.     

Empowering teams through social network ties

Effective teamwork and knowledge coordination are becoming increasingly important for all kinds of organizations given the growing use of teams to tackle competitive challenges and sustain competitive advantage. In this study, we develop and validate a model of how two types of social network ties – expressive and instrumental – contribute to team efficacy and performance, mediated by three dimensions of a transactive memory system (TMS) – specialization, credibility and coordination within teams. We test the model in an empirical study drawing on data from 66 teams in a variety of organizations. The results suggest that both instrumental and expressive ties within teams can facilitate the formation of TMS and the three dimensions of TMS are all, even though to different extents, positively related to team efficacy. Team efficacy is also a powerful predictor of team performance. The findings in our study bridge the literature gap about social networks and TMS and explain the underlying process and mechanisms by which social network ties exert their influence on team outcomes. The results have implications for organizations that wish to leverage teams to take advantage of team members’ differentiated expertise and coordinate their work more effectively and efficiently.     

Team intuition as a continuum construct and new product creativity: The role of environmental turbulence, team experience, and stress

Although past research has reported the benefits of intuition in new product decision-making (i.e., higher quality product; enhanced customer satisfaction), intuition has largely been studied as an individual phenomenon and little work has examined the role of intuition on new product development (NPD) project teams. Furthermore, in a turbulent environment, NPD project teams may rely more on intuitive judgments, and other factors such as experience and stress may also influence the relationship between team intuition and team decision making. Drawing from the organizational design literature on creativity in decision making, this study builds a conceptual model of NPD team intuition and its effect on the team's ability to generate creative new products. We then derive hypotheses regarding team intuition, stress, environmental turbulence, and new product creativity, and test the hypotheses using data from a sample of 155 firms operating in Ankara and Istanbul, Turkey. We specifically test whether an inverted-U relationship exists between team intuition and new product creativity (that is, a balance of both intuitive and rational judgments is preferred), and whether this relationship is moderated by team experience and stress. Moreover, direct impact of turbulent conditions (i.e. market and technical turbulence) on intuition was also examined. The results of our empirical study with a sample of 310 new product/project developers and 155 project managers showed a positive and linear relation between turbulent conditions (both market and technical) and team intuition and an inverted U-shaped team intuition-new product creativity relation for teams with high experience and low stress. Finally, theoretical implications for future research and managerial implications for practitioners are discussed in the conclusion section.     

Role of knowledge conversion and social networks in team performance

This study aims to find out how different processes of knowledge management and patterns of social networking affect team performance. Our data on teams originate from a sample of different organizations from a variety of both public and private industries in Finland (76 teams; 499 employees). One of the main deficiencies in the current literature on knowledge and networks is that they tend to concentrate on specific types of teams in a single organization context. Our aim was to put the team phenomenon into an everyday context by analysing the interplay of knowledge creation and social networks in teams which function on a permanent basis in a variety of industry contexts. Both knowledge creation and social networking contributed to performance, but the results showed that whereas team members see the knowledge conversion processes as central to performance, top management emphasize the importance of social networks in value creation. In our examination, lively interaction between team members, combined with team leaders’ intra-organizational networks, contributed to team performance.     

个体—组织匹配、内隐协调对跨功能团队创造力的影响:内部人身份感知的调节效应

在经济转型与技术创新改革发展新阶段,构建跨功能团队成为组织获得持续竞争优势的关键路径,开发与培养跨功能团队创造力也因此受到学术界与企业界的广泛关注。通过对西安高新技术开发区软件园内27家中小科技型企业的75个跨功能团队的深入调研,将内隐协调引入个体—组织匹配与跨功能团队创造力关系中,探讨个体—组织匹配对跨功能团队创造力的影响机制,并将内部人身份感知作为调节变量进行实证分析。结果表明:个体—组织匹配度越好、内隐协调水平越高,越容易激发跨功能团队创造力;个体—组织匹配通过内隐协调对跨功能团队创造力的影响效果显著;成员内部人身份感知程度越高,内隐协调在个体—组织匹配与跨功能团队创造力之间的中介作用越强。据此,提出了跨功能团队创造力提升的针对性建议。     

21世纪以来国内外团队创造力的比较研究

团队创造力是进入21世纪以来中外组织行为学研究者共同关注的一项热点主题。本文采用CiteSpace可视化软件,对2001-2018年中外团队创造力研究的时间分布、热点及知识基础进行比较分析。结果发现,国内外团队创造力研究整体呈快速上升趋势,且创造力研究的知识基础较为相似;国外研究热点侧重于影响团队创造力的互动因素及其结果变量;国内则较多关注其内涵结构、研究对象及方法。未来我国团队创造力研究应在研究方法、研究视角、研究情境、提升机制四个方面实现转变和突破。     

A multilevel model for effects of social capital and knowledge sharing in knowledge-intensive work teams

Although it is a widely held belief that social capital facilitates knowledge sharing among individuals, there is little research that has deeply investigated the impacts of social capital at different levels on an individual's knowledge sharing behavior. To address this research gap, this study combines a multilevel approach and an optimal network configuration view to investigate the multilevel effects of social capital on individuals’ knowledge sharing in knowledge intensive work teams. This study makes a distinction between the social capital at the team-level and that of social capital at the individual level to examine their cross-level and direct effects on an individual's sharing of explicit and tacit knowledge. A survey involving 343 participants in 47 knowledge-intensive teams was conducted for testing the multilevel model. The results reveal that social capital at both levels jointly influences an individual's explicit and tacit knowledge sharing. Further, when individuals possess a moderate betweenness centrality and the whole team holds a moderate network density, team members’ knowledge sharing can be maximized. These findings offer a more comprehensive and precise understanding of the multilevel impacts of social capital on team members’ knowledge sharing behavior, thus contributing to the social capital theory, as well as knowledge management research and practices.     

Social networks and coordination performance of distributed software development teams

In this study, we explore the coordination performance of the geographically distributed software development teams by exploring OSS (Open Source Software) development dataset available through SourceForge.com. OSS team structures have traditionally been geographically dispersed and therefore, the coordination of post release activities such as testing efforts have been carried out by means of communication via electronic forms, such as email or message boards and forums. In our current communication-enriched environment, best practices for coordination are adopted by all software projects yet some still fail to achieve their target performance. Does team structure have any bearing on the performance outcome of the project? How does the communication between teams and their external parties affect ultimate success or failure of projects? We seek to answer above questions by applying existing theories and analytical methods from social networks for exploring the coordination performance of defect management activities found in OSS projects. We propose social networks based theoretical model for exploring distributed coordination structure and apply that for the case of OSS defect management process for exploring the structural properties, which induce the greatest coordination performance. The outcome of our suggest that there is correlation between certain network measures such as density, centrality and betweenness and coordination performance measures of defect management systems such as quality and timeliness.     

社会资本、知识利用与共有协同创新绩效

已有研究将社会资本作为获取外部知识的渠道,隐含假设是社会资本具有知识流入效应。由于知识分享的相互性,社会资本实质上还具有知识流出效应。已有研究主要强调知识流入效应,是因为私有协同创新中的知识分享存在有意识的控制机制和组织边界,从而有效地抑制了知识流出。在共有协同创新网络中,创新团队间边界模糊且知识分享不受限制,导致知识流出效应显著增强。本文以共有协同创新网络为背景,探讨创新团队社会资本对新产品流行度的差异化影响以及如何控制该影响。通过收集开源平台SourceForge上1595个项目和8186个志愿者信息,结果发现创新团队度中心性对新产品流行度具有倒U型作用;桥中心性和接近中心性可提升新产品流行度。团队知识利用则有利于延缓社会资本的负面效应,强化其正面效应。     

互动视角下商业模拟对创新能力的影响研究

     实施创新驱动离不开创新人才培养,个体创新能力的提升关乎组织的生存和社会的可持续发展。在此背景下,被广泛应用于管理教育、员工甄选和企业内训的商业模拟能否有效提升个体的创新能力仍不得而知。鉴于此,本文依托建构主义学习理论和创新互动观,通过对多期追踪调研数据进行双重差分模型构建和层级回归分析,探讨了商业模拟与创新能力之间的关系,以及背后的作用机理。实证研究发现：商业模拟能够提升参与者的创新能力;商业模拟正向影响个体创新能力的关键驱动因素是商业模拟互动,商业模拟互动不仅直接影响个体创新能力,且通过参与者的心理模拟和绩效压力正向间接影响个体创新能力;此外,当参与者能力与商业模拟挑战在高水平上实现匹配时,商业模拟互动通过绩效压力对创新能力的积极影响被强化,反之则被削弱。研究结论拓展了商业模拟与创新之间关系的理论,从互动视角提出了个体创新能力提升的商业模拟路径。     

Global health social technologies: Reflections on evolving theories and landscapes

This paper has two core purposes. First, building on Nelson and Sampat's work, we outline the social technology conceptual framework and explain why we favour using it to explore two global health initiatives. Second, we discuss the evolution of those initiatives through the lens of the interaction between social technologies, physical technologies and general institutions. Thus we reflect both on evolving conceptual landscapes on the one hand and organisational and institutional terrains on the other.The first section of the paper presents an intellectual journey and outlines our understanding and adoption of the social technology conceptual framework. This framework we argue has a number of advantages over alternative theoretical approaches and perspectives. The second section describes the context in which product development partnerships (PDPs), a type of global health initiative based on a public–private partnership (PPP), have arisen. The third section develops case studies of the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) and the Malaria Vaccines Initiative (MVI) as social technology experiments and looks at the complex dynamics between organisation, management, scientific and R&D success and general institutional environments. We look at these social technologies as having ‘integrator’ and ‘broker’ roles; classifications which we argue are useful in analysing the different roles taken on by these PDPs. In the conclusion we reflect on the useful ways in which the concept of social technologies can shed light on complex and networked initiatives.     

New market creation through exaptation: The role of the founding team's prior professional experience

This paper focuses on the creation of new markets through technological exaptation i.e. the repurposing of existing technologies to serve new functions in a different market domain. We conceptualize the ability of new ventures to create new market applications for existing technologies as dependent on the knowledge, skills, and cognitive frames developed by the founding teams’ members during their professional careers. Specifically, we hypothesize that the extent of the founding team's employment experience across different organizations influences the probability that the new venture will create a new market through technological exaptation. We also explain why experience in entrepreneurially prominent organizations changes this relationship at various levels of prior employment experience. We test our arguments using data on blockchain startups (and their founders/co-founders) in the worldwide energy sector established between 2010 and 2019. The results show that the likelihood that a new venture develops a new market application for blockchain technology in the energy sector is associated with the professional experience of the founding team members. We discuss the implications of these findings.     

Enhancing team creative performance through social media and transactive memory system

Effective teamwork, knowledge coordination, and knowledge creation are recognized as essential sources of team effectiveness and creativity in modern organizations. Nowadays, social media is significantly modifying the patterns in the use of technology to support knowledge management practices in teams. At the same time, the literature shows that transactive memory system (TMS), which refers to how team members share their distributed knowledge and expertise, is an important factor affecting team performance. However, minimal effort has been made to elaborate on the precise role of social media in supporting TMS for enhancing absorptive capacity (ACAP) and knowledge creation capability (KCC) of the team, which in turn might influence team creative performance (TCP). Therefore, to address this gap in the literature, a theoretical model is developed and validated. Survey data collected from 334 members of 68 knowledge work teams indicated that social media use at work has a positive relationship with TMS and both social media use at work and TMS are positively related to ACAP and KCC of the team. Results further indicated that ACAP positively influenced KCC, and both have a direct relationship with TCP. This study shows that careful investment in social media by an organization can enhance meta-knowledge of “who knows what” within teams. Finally, exploring external knowledge alone is not enough. Instead, organizations must ensure external knowledge is utilized to create new knowledge to improve TCP.     

高校科研团队创造力评价指标体系的维度开发和结构验证

在建设创新型国家和知识经济的背景下,高水平的科研项目需要更多不同学科的人才进行团队合作,迫切需要对高校科研团队创造力的评价指标体系的合理性进行深入研究,我国学者对此展开了大量理论和经验的探讨,但目前学术界对高校科研团队创造力评价指标体系的维度结构的探讨仍很匮乏,缺少实证研究。在现有研究高校科研团队创造力评价指标体系的基础上,编制调查问卷,利用所搜集的数据分别进行探索性和验证性因素分析。结果表明,高校科研团队创造力评价指标体系由4个一级指标,11个二级指标,36个三级指标构成。同时,在相关研究和量表提炼技术的基础上,开发出一套维度合理的高校科研团队创造力评价指标体系测量量表,既丰富了高校科研团队及相关管理部门提供理论届提供可操作化的基础,也为高校评价和提高高校科研团队创造力提供理论依据与指导意见。     

悖论式领导对员工创意领地行为的影响:一个有调节的中介模型

针对员工创意领地行为对企业创新发展存在着一定不利影响的问题,基于社会交换理论和社会认同理论,通过352份来自高科技企业员工的研究样本,分析悖论式领导对员工创意领地行为的影响.研究结果表明:悖论式领导对员工创意领地行为有负向影响作用,该过程是通过以情感导向的团队互动的中介作用实现的,而以事实为导向的团队互动中介效应不显著...     

市场导向、创造力与新产品开发绩效关系研究

通过分析国内外相关文献,引入产品创造力与营销创造力作为过程变量,提出了市场导向、创造力和新产品开发绩效之间关系的研究框架和4个研究假设,并以高新科技企业为例进行了实证检验。研究表明:顾客导向与协作导向正向影响创造力(效用性),竞争导向正向影响创造力(新奇性);创造力(效用性)较创造力(新奇性)对新产品开发绩效的影响更显著;将产品创造力与营销创造力作为中介影响变量所产生的效应远大于市场导向对新产品开发绩效的直接效应。