基于网络资源的科学引文学术认可及规范问题初探

分析了网络资源在自然科学某些学科的文献引文中的规范问题和不术认可问题,从而探讨了网上文献合理利用的途径和方法。     

Characterizing highly cited method and non-method papers using citation contexts: The role of uncertainty

The top 1000 biomedical papers by number of citations are classified by method, type of method and non-methods by examination of citation contexts. Supervised machine learning is applied to the context data for a training sample of papers which is then used to classify the full list, revealing that words indicating utility are most important for the classification of methods. Further word analysis is carried out using corpus linguistics to uncover context words that characterize non-methods. Hedging words are found to play an important role for non-methods, and several are selected for further analysis with logistic regression. Other variables in the regression are a consensus variable based on the similarity of contexts for a paper and another variable based on whether citations come from “methods” sections of citing papers. Accuracy of predictions from logistic regression is comparable to machine learning. The results are interpreted in terms of the perceived certainty or uncertainty of the underlying knowledge, that is, methods and their outputs have higher certainty, and non-methods higher uncertainty. Evidence is found that hedging is inversely related to citation frequency. Implications of this work for the study of the development of science and the role of methods and tools in biomedical research are discussed.     

海峡两岸科技信息资源共建共享的设想

论文在分析海峡两岸科技信息资源的分布及特点和资源共建共享的现状的基础上,提出两岸科技信息资源共建共享的设想,即建设海西科技信息资源共享平台,然后将该平台与我国台湾地区"科技政策研究与资讯中心"网站平台进行对接,实现两岸科技信息资源的共享,进而促进两岸相关领域的科技信息资源的共建.     

A Case Study for Combining Technologies for the Delivery of Information Literacy and Community to Students at Remote Locations Using Live Synchronous Video-Conferencing

The University of La Verne, a pioneer in the field of adult and distance education, hosts approximately 4,692 traditional undergraduate and graduate students on the main campus, 3,350 adult students, and hundreds of online students throughout California at nine regional campuses. Challenged by limited funding and staffing, the library and Regional Campus Administration collaborated with senior management to pilot a blended technology platform using Adobe Connect for content and live video streaming and Business Skype for audio to deliver real-time, interactive virtual information literacy to distance learners. The initial objective of “Library on Demand” was to supplement existing in-person, e-mail, and telephonic library information literacy instruction with live streaming video and two-way audio. The use of multi-channel instructional technologies would optimize outreach activities, reaching larger numbers of student communities while optimizing student learning modality preferences and differences. The pilot program was designed in phases to test the integrity of reaching over 3,500 students among the nine regional campus locations concurrently with a single librarian host. Later phases offer opportunities for targeted or specialized sessions including applications fostering emerging virtual social learning communities beyond a shared information literacy experience.     

Partnering to Analyze Selection of Resources by Medical Students for Case-Based Small Group Learning: A Collaboration between Librarians and Medical Educators

Librarians and medical educators analyzed the quality of information resources used by first- and second-year medical students in their case-based small group learning summaries. Librarians provided instruction on using library resources and gave formal feedback to students about appropriate resources for basic science and clinical questions. The team found that students used a high number of clinical and basic science journal articles and textbooks with a number of factors influencing their resource choices. The study demonstrates numerous areas where librarians can play a key role in assisting students to find and assess information to answer clinical questions.     

信息资源管理政策执行力影响因素研究——以《关于加强信息资源开发利用工作的若干意见》为例

本文以《关于加强信息资源开发利用工作的若干意见》为样本,研究影响信息资源管理政策执行力的相关因素,以期提高信息资源管理政策执行效率,更好地指导和规范新的政策的出台和实施。基于信息资源管理政策执行力影响因素的特点,运用系统动力学原理,通过建模和仿真对政府信息公开的程度、执行人员的素质与能力、目标群体的结构与信息素质、配套政策的协同性、信息资源管理政策的明晰性和前瞻性这五个因素进行灵敏度分析,对比各系统参数值的改变对信息资源管理政策执行力的影响程度。研究结果表明,政府信息公开的程度对信息资源管理政策执行力的影响最显著,目标群体的结构与信息素质对信息资源管理政策执行力的影响较小且有限,其余三个因素均对信息资源管理政策执行力产生不同程度的影响。结合大数据时代的发展需求,对《关于加强信息资源开发利用工作的若干意见》的修订提出建议:推进政府数据开放,建立健全配套政策协同机制,完善政策规范和体系。提出信息资源管理政策执行力的提升路径:提高政府信息公开和数据开放的程度,加强执行主体协同与信息资源开发利用活动的评估工作,增强政策制定过程的科学性,提升执行人员的素质与能力。     

高校图书馆新生培训效果调查及培训模式创新——以中山大学东校区图书馆为例

采用问卷调查法对中山大学东校区图书馆新生培训效果进行调查,发现其中存在有限的培训时间与不断增长的培训内容之间的矛盾、不断增长的新生人数与有限的培训资源之间的矛盾、培训针对性不强等问题亟待解决。在图书馆现有培训资源的基础上,提出新生培训前开展自学自测、采用体验式学习模式和针对性电子资源现场操作演示相结合的新型培训模式,将传统新生培训与网络技术紧密结合在一起,适应新形势下新生培训工作的需求。     

Redesigning Services for the Net-Gen and Beyond: A Holistic Review of Pedagogy,Resource, and Learning Space

Oblinger and Oblinger (2005) described the Net Generation or Net Gen, who have never known life without the Internet. They note the incremental nature of change: “One generation's technology is taken for granted by the next” (p. 2.1). In a world increasingly dominated by technology, the academic library has become a place to learn that is constantly adapting and changing, reflecting “what the student does” (Biggs, 2007 Biggs, J. 2007. Teaching for quality learning at university: what the student does, , 3rd ed, Maidenhead: Open University Press.  [Google Scholar]). Pathfinder funding from the Higher Education Academy has enabled Bournemouth University (BU) to explore the pedagogies of learning in a hybrid environment and consider how Web 2.0 technologies within a virtual learning environment contribute to the acquisition and development of academic literacy skills. Good library design demonstrates agility and adaptability in the use of space (Heppel et al., 2004 Heppel, S., Chapman, C., Millwood, R., Constable, M. and Furness, J. 2004. Building learning futures. A research project at Ultralab within the CABE/RIBA “Building Futures” programme 〈http://rubble.heppell.net/cabe/final_report.pdf〉 (accessed 24 July 2008) [Google Scholar]). Virtual environments enable integration of resources within the unit of study. Subject librarians, academics, and learning technologists are developing new ways of working together to deliver resources. The rate of change is exponential but is full of opportunity (“Libraries Unleashed,” 2008). In 2009 Bournemouth University will open a new library for postgraduate business students without any books, but with each student equipped with an e-book reader. This article will discuss the academic skills and learning spaces students will need to read for a degree in an environment that is predominantly electronic.     

Environmental conditions for the safeguarding of collections: A background to the current debate on the control of relative humidity and temperature

Conditions of relative humidity (RH) and temperature within museums and buildings holding collections of cultural heritage objects are often maintained around a strictly controlled set point of about 50 ± 5% RH and 20 or 21 ± 2°C to provide safe, stable conditions for hygroscopic artifacts. It has recently been proposed that these ranges should be relaxed to values that are less energy-intensive to maintain while still being safe for the objects in the collection, with the aim of reducing both carbon footprint and energy use. It is also suggested that conditions should be determined by the needs of individual objects and by the local climate of the region, rather than applying overall values across the museum as a whole. This proposal has led to much discussion within the conservation community. The suggested values, a stable humidity within the range 40–60% RH and a stable temperature within the range 16–25°C for most objects, apart from the most vulnerable, are derived from the results of experimental research on the responses of individual materials to particular conditions of RH and temperature, as well as observations of the behaviour of cultural heritage objects in their own environments and on loan. This paper describes briefly the historical and scientific background to the present discussion.     

基于深度学习的古籍文本自动断句与标点一体化研究

［目的/意义］ 中国拥有海量的古代典籍,利用计算机对古籍文本进行自动断句与标点有助于加快古籍资源的转化利用。现有研究主要存在两个亟待解决的问题。首先,将古籍断句与标点分为两个串行任务,会引起错误传递。其次,自动标注的标点也较为混乱,对长距离可嵌套的成对引号标注研究较少。［方法/过程］ 通过对大规模古籍语料库的标点符号频率统计,结合现有标点符号用法标准,明确古文自动标点的符号体系。根据点号含有断句信息,提出断句标点一体化处理方案,直接在没有断句的古籍文本上进行自动标点。并通过设计多元引号标记集和段首填充占位符,解决长距离可嵌套成对引号的自动标注难题。算法上根据序列标注方法,采用SikuRoBRETa-BiLSTM-CRF在1亿多字的繁体古籍文本语料上完成模型训练。［结果/结论］ 在开放测试集《左传》上,点号标注的F1值为77.09%,断句达到91.72%;对单个引号的标注F1值达到89.28%,成对引号为83.88%。结果表明本文的方法有效地提升了古籍文本的自动断句与自动标点效果,有效地解决了引号的自动标注问题。     

博物馆学习视角下的展览环境效果评估——以展线与照明设计对观众注意力的影响研究为例

博物馆学习的研究成果表明,展览除了可以通过自身的内容来对观众施加影响之外,环境设计也同样会对观众的参观效果产生影响。因此,合理评估展览环境的效果、并针对性地发现环境设计中的不足之处,将有助于展览提升总体的教育效果和观众的参观体验。本文以2017—2018年间在山东博物馆所进行的一系列博物馆学习相关研究与展览评估实践为基础,从观众的注意力水平入手,计算展厅中各个区域的“吸引力”,进而实现对展览环境效果的评估。此外,在这一过程中发现,展厅环境中的“展线”与“照明”设计,对观众的学习效果有潜在影响,值得引起博物馆在环境设计时的关注。     

不同语种科技期刊稿件互荐刊登的意义及方法

通过从读者、作者、科技期刊3个方面阐述不同语种科技期刊稿件互荐刊登的现实意义与深远影响.强调实施它的必要性和实际价值,并探讨其可行方法和具体措施.     

Communicated values as indicators of organizational identity: A method for organizational assessment and its application in a case study

Organizational identity (OI) has traditionally been defined as those core, distinctive, and enduring features unique to an institution (Albert & Whetten, 1985). However, organizational research (e.g., Ashforth & Mael, 1996; Cheney & Christensen, 2001; Vaugn, 1997) published in the last decade has prompted that Albert and Whetten's (1985) definition of OI be recast to emphasize message transmission and organizational values among its core properties. Subsequently, this paper advances a revised definition of OI, describes a content analytic method for OI assessment, and then applies it in a case study to determine the communicated values comprising the identity of a specific organization, the United Church of God, an International Association, during its first five years. Results of a longitudinal analysis indicate that United's identity reflects the following values: (a) during its first year of existence family security, obedience, mature love, helpfulness, and ambition; (b) during its third year of operation family security, helpfulness, ambition, obedience, and true friendship; and (c) in its fifth year family security, ambition, helpfulness, obedience, and wisdom. Based on these results, three findings are advanced regarding United's OI. The implications of this study are addressed in terms of what they mean for United and for OI inquiry in general.     

Biomedical innovation at the laboratory, clinical and commercial interface: A new method for mapping research projects, publications and patents in the field of microarrays

Using the example of microarrays, one of the constitutive technologies of post-genomic biomedicine, this paper introduces a method for analyzing publications, patents and research grants as proxies for “triple-helix interfaces” between university, industry and government activities. Our method creates bridges that allow one to move seamlessly between publication, patent and research project databases that use different fields and formats, and contain different information. These links do not require pre-defined categories in order to search for correspondences between sub-topics or research areas in the three databases. Finally, our results are not restricted to quantitative information but, rather, allow one to carry out qualitative investigations of the content of research activities. Our approach draws on a combination of text-mining and network analysis/mapping software packages.     

新世纪体育院校图书馆履行和扩展文献教育职能研究--兼论对读者运用文献资料研究法指导教育

阐述文献教育前景的日益广阔及其地位的日益提高，论述了文献教育内容日益丰富和其方法手段日益精细，最后对开展文献教育以及应用文献资料法研究提出了基本要求。