顾炎武《金石文字记》治学方法论

顾炎武的《金石文字记》一书奠定了他在清代金石学研究中的开山地位。论文主要从四个方面分析此书所采用的治学方法,无论是实地考察、旁搜博采还是博证精辨、严谨笃实,无论是举例比较、归纳演绎还是信古阙疑、独立创新,皆为顾炎武在此书中综合运用的科学方法,构成其金石学研究中完整的治学方法体系,此法受到乾嘉学派高度推崇,奠定了乾嘉考据学派的方法基础。     

The many faces of mobility: Using bibliometric data to measure the movement of scientists

This paper presents a methodological framework for developing scientific mobility indicators based on bibliometric data. We identify nearly 16 million individual authors from publications covered in the Web of Science for the 2008–2015 period. Based on the information provided across individuals’ publication records, we propose a general classification for analyzing scientific mobility using institutional affiliation changes. We distinguish between migrants--authors who have ruptures with their country of origin--and travelers--authors who gain additional affiliations while maintaining affiliation with their country of origin. We find that 3.7% of researchers who have published at least one paper over the period are mobile. Travelers represent 72.7% of all mobile scholars, but migrants have higher scientific impact. We apply this classification at the country level, expanding the classification to incorporate the directionality of scientists’ mobility (i.e., incoming and outgoing). We provide a brief analysis to highlight the utility of the proposed taxonomy to study scholarly mobility and discuss the implications for science policy.     

梁启超的纪念图书馆思想及其现实意义

梁启超赋予近代图书馆多元的功能,提出了为爱国英雄和著名学者建立"纪念图书馆"的思想。他认为纪念图书馆是纪念馆和通俗图书馆的结合,既可以培养国民公德,又可以开启民智。在新时期,分析、研究梁启超的纪念图书馆思想及其在馆藏建设、经费来源和管理模式方面的经验,对于图书馆事业发展具有重要的现实意义。     

Rethinking the effect of inter-gender collaboration on research performance for scholars

As scientific collaboration has become more common with increased representation of female scholars, the effects of inter-gender collaboration have attracted more attention. However, scholars have not reached a consensus on the relationship between inter-gender collaboration and research performance. Empirical evidence at the scholar level has also been rare. Therefore, based on the ratio of the opposite sex in collaboration partners, this study reveals the influence of participating in inter-gender collaborations on research performance for scholars. Grouped regression was employed to test gender differences in this effect. The effect of partners’ academic levels was also investigated to account for potential gender differences. The results indicated that inter-gender collaboration had a positive effect on research performance for scholars. Grouped regressions also showed that collaborating with more inter-gender partners exerted a significantly negative effect on the research performance of female scholars, while it had a positive effect for male scholars. The negative effect on female scholars were found to be strengthened if the partners were at a high academic level. This study is helpful to understand inter-gender collaboration in depth, and further reveals the gender differences in scientific collaboration.     

与青年公派留学人员关于中国科技期刊认知的访谈及思考

对12名35岁以下在美国杜克大学肿瘤研究所学习的公派留学人员进行访谈,了解他们对中国科技期刊学术论文的阅读、写作和引用情况,探察他们对于中国科技期刊的真实认知。结果发现,青年一代的医学科研人员对于中国科技期刊有“三不”的态度倾向,即不阅读、不写作、不引用,对于中国科技期刊的认知片面,存在轻视、误解和偏见。急需扭转这种不利于我国科技期刊发展的态势,引导青年一代的医学科研人员树立健康的科研价值观,期刊也要提升学术质量和品牌声誉,做好营销,助力科研人员重拾科技文化自信。     

Fine-Tuning the Institutional Repository: Evaluating the Self-Archiving Behavior of Researchers in Music

While self-archiving gains more traction as a means for scholars to make their research freely available, a perception persists that certain disciplines in the humanities lag behind the sciences in this regard. This article investigates the rate of self-archiving by scholars contributing to the top journals in the field of music, a discipline that traditionally falls within the humanities, although research in the field is highly interdisciplinary and draws heavily on multiple scientific fields. The contributors to these journals come from a range of background and interests, and represent colleges and universities from six continents.     

依托学科专家办刊助力科技期刊发展 ——以《地球科学》编辑部为例

为弥补科技期刊学术专才短缺的问题,提出“依托学科专家办刊 助力期刊发展”这一思路,分别从如何有效发挥科技期刊的一手编委专家资源和外向吸纳的专家资源2方面进行分析,深入挖掘专家办刊功能的多面性,构建科技期刊发展的健康生态,提升科技期刊核心竞争力。     

高h指数学者在科学共同体中的作用研究——以我国图书情报学为例

[目的/意义] 对科学共同体中权威学者的地位与作用开展研究,以合著网络结构分析为视角,将网络分析与高h指数学者的作用研究相结合,从作者节点所处的网络结构与位置中探寻学者的影响力与作用发挥,为科学共同体的实证性研究开辟新的途径。[方法/过程] 以我国图书情报学科为例,选取33位高h指数学者作为研究对象,采集发文数据,提取合著关系,通过构建合著关系网络,采用网络分析技术对节点的中心性、聚集性、结构洞特征等进行分析。[结果/结论] 数据分析表明:绝大部分高h指数学者在网络结构中占据核心位置,学者之间联系紧密,在科学共同体中起到引领学科发展方向、建立和维护学科规范、加强科学交流与知识传播以及培育人才等重要作用。     

Analyzing linguistic complexity and scientific impact

The number of publications and the number of citations received have become the most common indicators of scholarly success. In this context, scientific writing increasingly plays an important role in scholars’ scientific careers. To understand the relationship between scientific writing and scientific impact, this paper selected 12 variables of linguistic complexity as a proxy for depicting scientific writing. We then analyzed these features from 36,400 full-text Biology articles and 1,797 full-text Psychology articles. These features were compared to the scientific impact of articles, grouped into high, medium, and low categories. The results suggested no practical significant relationship between linguistic complexity and citation strata in either discipline. This suggests that textual complexity plays little role in scientific impact in our data sets.     

Predicting scientific research trends based on link prediction in keyword networks

The rapid development of scientific fields in this modern era has raised the concern for prospective scholars to find a proper research field to conduct their future studies. Thus, having a vision of future could be helpful to pick the right path for doing research and ensuring that it is worth investing in. In this study, we use article keywords of computer science journals and conferences, assigned by INSPEC controlled indexing, to construct a temporal scientific knowledge network. By observing keyword networks snapshots over time, we can utilize the link prediction methods to foresee the future structures of these networks. We use two different approaches for this link prediction problem. First, we have utilized three topology-based link prediction algorithms, two of which are commonly used in literature. We have also proposed a third algorithm based on nodes (keywords) clustering coefficient, their centrality measures like eigenvector centrality, and nodes community information. Then, we used nodes topological features and the outputs of aforementioned topology-based link prediction algorithms as features to feed five machine learning link prediction algorithms (SVM, Random Forest Classifier, K-Nearest Neighbors, Gaussian Naïve Bayes, and Multinomial Naïve Bayes). All tested predictors have shown considerable performance and their results are discussed in this paper.     

The Desire for Fame: An Extension of Uses and Gratifications Theory

Social network sites (SNSs) enable users to self-disclose to broad and anonymous audiences. Drawing on social cognitive theory (SCT) and the uses and gratifications (U&G) approach, this study investigates how reality television (RTV) cultivates desire for fame in its audience, which is operationalized as a human desire motivating nondirected self-disclosure (NDSD) online, a technique seeking fame. Results from an online survey (N = 221) show that whether watching RTV with friends interacted with time spent viewing RTV to affect desire for fame, which in turn affected the use of SNSs to pursue fame. In addition, exhibitionism, a motive of SNS use for the purpose of fame, fully mediated the relationship between desire for fame and NDSD. These results have implications for refining U&G and new media research.     

作者合著有向网络构建与分析

[目的/意义]研究作者合著有向网络的构建与分析方法,探索其在科研关系分析中的应用.[方法/过程]遵循国内惯例,在区分作者署名次序的前提下,抽取第一作者与其他作者间的有向合著关系构建作者合著有向网络,并从整体结构、拓扑类型和节点特征等方面与传统的作者合著无向网络进行对比分析.[结果/结论]作者合著有向网络揭示出合著者间的主导与配合作用,为便捷地了解学者在科研合作中的角色定位提供了可能,未来或将有助于对学者和机构的更加全面的科研评价.     

SCI的体系及其逻辑关系

深入浅出地介绍了《科学引文索引》(SCI) 的科学组成体系。提供了SCI 原始的引文功能说明。分析了引文思想如何在SCI 中的体现; 分析了SCI 的引文思想在印刷版、光盘版、网络版中的体现方法; 分析了索引间的逻辑体系和逻辑关系。同时指出了SCI 在印刷版基础上发展的光盘版、网络版在实际使用中的相关操作, 及文章在发表时应注意的问题, 使我国广大科技工作者能够结合自己的工作, 充分利用SCI 了解和掌握全球科技动态。     

高校图书馆查收查引中他引区分策略研究与实现

图书馆的查收查引服务,有助于学者及其单位客观认识自身科研成果产出和学术发展。论文结合查收查引工作实践,从数据、算法、交互3个层面分析构建了他引区分策略,并对其进行系统实现。通过随机抽取样本报告做对比验证,实验得出该策略在时间效率和操作便捷性上更具优势,最后针对影响因素进行探讨,希望为学者唯一身份标识领域的研究提供思路参考。     

Universality of scholarly impact metrics

Given the growing use of impact metrics in the evaluation of scholars, journals, academic institutions, and even countries, there is a critical need for means to compare scientific impact across disciplinary boundaries. Unfortunately, citation-based metrics are strongly biased by diverse field sizes and publication and citation practices. As a result, we have witnessed an explosion in the number of newly proposed metrics that claim to be “universal.” However, there is currently no way to objectively assess whether a normalized metric can actually compensate for disciplinary bias. We introduce a new method to assess the universality of any scholarly impact metric, and apply it to evaluate a number of established metrics. We also define a very simple new metric h_s, which proves to be universal, thus allowing to compare the impact of scholars across scientific disciplines. These results move us closer to a formal methodology in the measure of scholarly impact.     

论宋儒疑经与文献学发展的关系

疑经是指古代儒生对儒家经籍作者和文本真实性、合理性、完整性的怀疑，往往出于经学的视角和思路，与重客观真实的文献学有交叉但并不等同。宋儒疑经尤为显豁，对宋代文献学的影响主要体现在成果、思路和发展轨迹三个方面；宋代文献学对宋儒疑经也有促进和阻碍的反作用。宋儒疑经对后世尤其是清代文献学的发展也有影响，探讨宋儒疑经与文献学发展的关系对研究传统文化有一定的启发意义。     

论媒体融合趋势下科技期刊编辑的素养

媒体融合发展已成为期刊出版必然趋势,媒体融合时代我国科技期刊的繁荣发展和国际竞争关键取决于编辑的素养。系统阐述媒体融合发展趋势下科技期刊编辑应当具有的素养,包括科学素养、业务素养、全媒体素养以及人文、信息素养等,努力做不忘初心的学者、精益求精的工匠、与时俱进的潮人以及博学多才的杂家,确保由媒体融合平台推送科技成果信息的科学性、规范性、适应性和实用性;科技期刊编辑应树立终生学习实践的信念,并通过积极交流、融入科研、善于总结等提升素养,充分利用现代技术,不断促进科技成果更快更有效地传播以及服务好创新驱动发展战略。     

The many facets of academic mobility and its impact on scholars' career

International mobility in academia can enhance the human and social capital of researchers and consequently their scientific outcome. However, there is still a very limited understanding of the different mobility patterns among scholars with various socio-demographic characteristics. By studying these differences, we can detect inequalities in access to scholarly networks across borders, which can cause disparities in scientific advancement. The aim of this study is twofold. First, we investigate to what extent individuals’ factors (e.g., country, career stage, and field of research) associate with the mobility of male and female researchers. Second, we explore the relationship between mobility and scientific activity and impact. For this purpose, we used a bibliometric approach to track the mobility of authors. To compare the researchers’ scientific outcomes, we considered the number of publications and received citations as indicators, as well as the number of unique co-authors in all their publications. We also analyzed the co-authorship network of researchers and compared centrality measures of “mobile” and “non-mobile” researchers. Results show that researchers from North America and Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly female ones, have the lowest, respectively, highest tendency towards international mobility. Having international co-authors increases the probability of international movement. Our findings uncover gender inequality in international mobility across scientific fields and countries. Across genders, researchers in the Physical sciences have the most and in the Social sciences the least rate of mobility. We observed more mobility for Social scientists at the advanced career stage, while researchers in other fields prefer to move at earlier career stages. Also, we found a positive correlation between mobility and scientific outcomes, but no apparent difference between females and males. Indeed, researchers who have started mobility at the advanced career stages had a better scientific outcome. Comparing the centrality of mobile and non-mobile researchers in the co-authorship networks reveals a higher social capital advantage for mobile researchers.     

THE HIERARCHY OF JOURNALISTIC CULTURAL AUTHORITY

Print and broadcast journalists attempt to patrol the boundaries of the field. They compete with consumer perceptions and the consequent power of television that have led to a shift in traditional definitions of journalism. Among journalists from print, national and network radio and network (non-local) television, a clear discrepancy emerges between the level of esteem journalists of each medium have among their colleagues, and their popular status with the public. This study documents and analyzes the ways in which members of the American journalistic community have articulated their beliefs about who has the authoritative voice in journalism, and who is qualified to make decisions about boundaries of the craft and preferred practices. This study finds that internally, newspaper journalists are still regarded as the legitimate craftsmen. The fame that some television journalists have achieved both reflects the appreciation of TV journalism and a loathing of it, primarily due to how this fame functions in journalistic cultural authority, as well as in practices of promotion and financial compensation for journalists. Despite these tensions, journalists of different media are also shown to exhibit solidarity and recognition that they are all colleagues in a larger community with a common goal.     

面向科研服务的多层次作者分析模型及实证研究

[目的/意义] 以科研人员的学科服务需求分析为基础,构建面向科研服务的多层次作者分析模型,并进行实证研究,以期为深化科研服务提供参考。[方法/过程] 通过对同一专业、处于不同研究水平的科研人员进行需求调研发现,不同层次的科研人员针对同一问题的具体分析需求是不同的;进而以作者分析为例,提出面向入门型、专注型、管理型科研人员的多层次作者分析模型,并以中国语言文字学2001-2015年核心期刊论文为例,综合利用文献计量方法和工具解答不同层次的作者分析需求。[结果/结论] 实验结果表明,利用这一模型能识别出这15年间中国语言文字学领域的核心作者群、代表性学者、研究团体、合作情况,以及近期代表性学者和持续代表性学者。分析模型具有普适性,能够提高图书馆员在科研服务中的融合度。