新世纪教育范式的转型与校长角色的多元化

中小学校长是担负着基础教育学校管理职责的一个重要群体，校长的态度及作为，直接影响到教育改革的成效。新世纪教育范式的转型和学校教育情境的多元变化，向学校领导提出了新的挑战，校长必须根据他们所面临的情境来实行有效的领导。新世纪的中小学校长应该是能够适应新的教育范式的多元化领导：（1）管理工程师；（2）人力资源专家；（3）学校中的CEO；（4）道德榜样和文化领袖；（5）首席教师和课程专家．     

Rasch Validation of a Measure of Reform-Oriented Science Teaching Practices

Growing evidence from recent curriculum documents and previous research suggests that reform-oriented science teaching practices promote students’ conceptual understanding, levels of achievement, and motivation to learn, especially when students are actively engaged in constructing their ideas through scientific inquiries. However, it is difficult to identify to what extent science teachers engage students in reform-oriented teaching practices (RTPs) in their science classrooms. In order to exactly diagnose the current status of science teachers’ implementation of the RTPs, a valid and reliable instrument tool is needed. The principles of validity and reliability are fundamental cornerstones in developing a robust measurement tool. As such, this study was motivated by the desire to point out the limitations of the existing statistical and psychometric analyses and to further examine the validation of the RTP survey instrument. This paper thus aims at calibrating the items of the RTPs for science teachers using the Rasch model. The survey instrument scale was adapted from the 2012 National Survey of Science and Mathematics Education (NSSME) data. A total of 3701 science teachers from 1403 schools from across the USA participated in the NSSME survey. After calibrating the RTP items and persons on the same scale, the RTP instrument well represented the population of US science teachers. Model-data fit determined by Infit and Outfit statistics was within an appropriate range (0.5–1.5), supporting the unidimensional structure of the RTPs. The ordered category thresholds and the probability of the thresholds showed that the five-point rating scale functioned well. The results of this study support the use of the RTP measure from the 2012 NSSME in assessing usage of RTPs.     

国家主导的校长培训治理模式——以英国学校领导发展为例

通过对英国学校领导发展历史的梳理,本文发现英国学校领导的发展历史是国家从不干预到提供资助、进行管制和提供培训,并逐渐形成国家主导的学校领导发展治理模式的过程。国家主导的学校领导发展治理模式为英国学校领导发展的项目创新提供了强有力的政策支持及经济保障。然而,也正是由于集资助、管制和提供为一身,英国的学校领导发展逐渐为唯一的培训模式所垄断,其未来发展面临着挑战。     

Leadership as Accountability for Learning: The Effects of School Poverty, Teacher Experience, Previous Achievement, and Principal Preparation Programs on Student Achievement

In the current era of accountability for achievement, school principals play the pivotal role of instructional leader. In a high-stakes testing environment, leadership preparation programs in universities and school districts need to be positively related to academic outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between school leadership preparation programs and student achievement in urban settings. Because leadership is contingent on the setting, school contextual factors and their impact on student achievement framed this study. Regression techniques were employed to construct a conceptual model with predictors of criterion and norm-referenced student achievement scores. Confirming previous research findings, student poverty, teacher experience, and previous achievement were the strongest predictors and accounted for a significant amount of variance in student achievement; however, university and district preparation programs were not significant predictors. Implications for policy, practice, and future research are discussed.     

从课程开发到课程领导：高职教师项目课程实施策略探索﹡

从教师专业发展的视角,针对部分高职教师参与课程开发的动力不足的问题,论证了课程资源建设与教师专业发展之间的正相关性关系,提出了高职教师采取主动参与课程开发、开展教研进行研究反思以及合力打造课程团队等策略,可以通过从入门--成长--熟练--专家的专业发展的四个阶段,逐步完成从课程开发者成长为课程领导者的过渡,而这也是教师专业发展成熟的重要标志。     

Leadership development challenges in South African schools: The Advanced Certificate: Education (School Management and Leadership)

Abstract

A number of schools in South Africa appear to be struggling with the changes that the government is introducing to improve the quality of education and lay a strong foundation for the country's societal transformation. Leadership has been found to be one of the factors that are associated with how schools cope with change and its complexities. This article focuses on a conceptual examination of the national Advanced Certificate: Education (School Management and Leadership) programme's capacity for promoting sustainable leadership in schools. The findings from the critical analysis of the qualification's documentation suggest that the current formulation of this school leadership development programme does not address the complexities of leadership and change, and is thus unlikely to adequately contribute towards leadership effectiveness or its sustainability in schools. It may, however, contribute to short- term school improvements, policy compliance, management effectiveness or economy and/or administrative efficiency.     

学校发展的现实困境与可持续学校领导

当前中小学的发展已经陷入可持续性不足的困境中,主要表现为学生的浅表性学习与厌学情绪弥散,校长、教师的应付性工作与教育热情隐退,学校之间的过度竞争与发展能量消耗,标准化要求与学校种群单一。突破这一困境需要我们确立一种可持续学校领导观。可持续学校领导观强调学习的深入性,追求领导的广泛性,关注领导的延续性,坚持领导的正义性,珍视教育生态的多样性。要将可持续领导从观念落到实践,需要我们构建起可持续学校领导系统,形成学校领导共同体,做好学校领导更替工作,并关注学校领导在纵向时间上的关联。     

善治:校长领导变革的价值追求

善治是指使公共利益最大化的社会管理过程,其本质上是一种合作管理。善治作为校长领导变革的价值追求,要求校长在教育实践中体现领导的法治性、道德性、民主性、责任性及有效性等价值内涵。     

从培养领导者到发展领导力:校长培训理论视角的转型

对领导者发展和领导力发展的区分是领导发展研究的重要突破,在校长培训领域,对校长英雄式的认识以及领导力发展中的还原论形塑了今天以领导者发展为主的校长培训模式.本文总结并比较分析了领导者发展与领导力发展两种理论视角,提出校长培训的理论视角应从培养英雄式的校长个人转向到发展学校的整体领导力.     

美国宾夕法尼亚州教育领导硕士及校长证书计划研究

2010年,美国宾夕法尼亚州启动了培养幼儿园至高中校长的教育领导硕士学位及校长证书的计划。该计划确立了战略性的培养目标,在此基础上建设起了围绕校长价值领导、教学领导和组织领导为核心的系列培养课程,并采取严格而不乏弹性的课程管理策略。这一计划对于正在积极推进中小学校长专业化的我国而言具有现实的启示意义与借鉴价值。     

Implementation and effects of explicit reading comprehension instruction in fifth-grade classrooms

In this intervention study, teachers tried to implement four instructional principles derived from the literature on research-based, explicit reading comprehension instruction in their fifth-grade classrooms. The principles focused on relevant background knowledge, reading comprehension strategies, reading-group organization, and reading motivation. Results indicated that during a five-month intervention period, students in the intervention group increased their strategic competence and comprehension performance relative to controls. However, no effect was found on reading motivation. The overall pattern of results is explained in relation to the implementation quality of the four instructional principles, with implementation data indicating that the principles of reading-group organization and reading motivation were particularly difficult for the teachers to translate into classroom practice.     

大学生廉洁意识教育目标及其实施措施研究

大学生廉洁教育的主要目标是培养大学生对廉洁的认可情感。从实施操作来说,重点应当注意大学生廉洁教育的方式和内容。建议以课外教学为主,在大学生思想政治理论课中增加廉洁意识教育课程模块内容,单独组织教学。课程模块的设计应当从大学生的兴趣特点和生活实际出发,围绕以廉洁为荣,以贪为耻的价值判断标准,通过课堂引导、课外辅导、活动强化、物品固化、正面范示、反面警示、故事引人、动手育人六大方面来设计具体内容。     

The Development and Validation of a Measure of Science Capital,Habitus, and Future Science Interests

Research in Science Education - There is growing evidence that science capital (science-related forms of social and cultural capital) and family habitus (dispositions for science) influence STEM...     

A Collaborative Approach to the Development and Validation of a Principal Evaluation System: A Case Study

This article provides a case history of collaboration between the South Carolina Educational Policy Center (SCEPC) at the University of South Carolina (USC), the South Carolina Department of Education (SDE), and stakeholder committees in developing a principal evaluation system for South Carolina. This case, study is based on the authors’ experiences in the process and their review of program documents. The project staff used the Personnel Evaluation Standards and the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing to guide the review of the standards. They also worked with qualified job experts to develop performance standards, evaluation criteria, and instrumentation. The documented activities serve as evidence that validity issues were appropriately addressed. The project staff and stakeholder committees conducted an internal review and a field review of the proposed standards and criteria, as well as a pilot study of the proposed instrumentation. Stakeholder feedback served as an additional source of validity evidence. Although this case study focused on development of an evaluation system in one state, the information presented may be helpful to other states or districts that are planning to develop similar systems.     

Correction to: The Development and Validation of a Measure of Science Capital,Habitus, and Future Science Interests

Research in Science Education -     

学校改进中的校长领导力提升:一种分布式领导的研究视角

学校改进中的校长领导力提升是当前学校变革与发展的诉求。要落实"教育规划纲要"成功实现学校改进,就要在校长领导力开发过程中,主动寻求新的领导理论支撑,架构一种分布式领导模式,将校长培养成一名分布式领导者,这可为解决教育管理实践中存在的问题开拓一个新视角。     

从学习“自主”到全面发展——读写译课程讲授＋研讨型教学模式实践研究

在我国高校大学英语教学中,读写译课程教学一直受到重视,但却面临着课时有限、班级规模大、教学任务重的问题,而且在教学过程中经常被简化为阅读教学,忽视翻译、写作教学,教学模式也以讲授型为主。广为提倡的＂自主学习＂,也因为学生缺乏明确的学习目标和实践能力而流于形式。基于山东大学的校级教学项目＂大学英语读写译课程的创新实践＂,项目组通过一年的追踪研究证明,重视教师的指导作用,采用课堂讲授与研讨相结合的教学模式把教学过程贯穿课内外,能有效地解决上述问题,在开设大学英语课程的高校有一定的推广、借鉴意义。     

Assessing Understanding of the Learning Cycle: The ULC

An 18-item, multiple choice, 2-tiered instrument designed to measure understanding of the learning cycle (ULC) was developed and field-tested from the learning cycle test (LCT) of Odom and Settlage (Journal of Science Teacher Education, 7, 123–142, 1996). All question sets of the LCT were modified to some degree and 5 new sets were added, resulting in the ULC. The ULC measures (a) understandings and misunderstandings of the learning cycle, (b) the learning cycle’s association with Piaget’s (Biology and knowledge theory: An essay on the relations between organic regulations and cognitive processes, 1975) theory of mental functioning, and (c) applications of the learning cycle. The resulting ULC instrument was evaluated for internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha, yielding a coefficient of .791.     

“赤岸文化”的开发和实施

“赤岸文化”作为一种德育校本课程,重在人文熏陶,符合人的发展和人格完善的课程价值趋向;探索了一条以学校特有的“赤岸文化”为蓝本、发挥本土德育资源优势、把地方文化与各学科进行整合实践研究的新路子。“赤岸文化”实施的途径与方法追求生活知识学科化、学科知识生活化,使学生的知识得以生成,情感得以升华,拓宽了师生学习的视野,取得了较好的教育教学效果。     

中小学校长专业发展的影响因素

中小学校长的专业发展是他们职业生涯的重要内容,它包括专业理念、专业伦理、专业知识、专业能力、专业贡献、自我专业发展意识及其他包括专业自主性、专业的社会地位等七个相互独立又彼此依存和影响的因素。专业发展要受到各种制度的影响,对中小学校长的专业发展起到重要作用的制度因素包括专业教育、入职认证、职级晋升、保障与激励、考核与评价和专业组织的促动。