新世纪教育范式的转型与校长角色的多元化

中小学校长是担负着基础教育学校管理职责的一个重要群体，校长的态度及作为，直接影响到教育改革的成效。新世纪教育范式的转型和学校教育情境的多元变化，向学校领导提出了新的挑战，校长必须根据他们所面临的情境来实行有效的领导。新世纪的中小学校长应该是能够适应新的教育范式的多元化领导：（1）管理工程师；（2）人力资源专家；（3）学校中的CEO；（4）道德榜样和文化领袖；（5）首席教师和课程专家．     

教学领导的研究进展与实施策略

教学是学校的中心工作。随着全国范围内课程和教学改革的深入推进,人们越来越关注教学领导。教学领导研究是当前国际上的一个研究热点,并呈现新的特点。教学领导涉及多方面的因素,校长不仅要担当教学监控、反馈和指导等职能,而且还要致力于营造良好的学校文化和组织氛围;校长不仅是教和学的领导者,同时还承担支持者的角色,为教学提供资源和时间上的保障,促进教师在专业上不断进步。而教师也不再只是单纯的课程执行者的角色,而是被赋予课程开发者的角色,创造性地生成课堂和开展教学。     

课程负责人制度：源起、初建、发展及未来走向

课程负责人制度是北京城市学院经济管理部的特色制度之一,本文以定性研究为导向,基于大量半结构化问卷访谈资料的整理以及以往教学资料的获得,梳理了课程负责人制度的源起、初建及发展状况,探讨了课程负责人制度在实施的过程中的运行效果和存在的问题以及该制度在未来可能的变迁和创新发展方向。     

分布式领导:缘起、概念与实施

分布式领导是近年来兴起的一个概念,自提出以来受到极大关注。分布式领导理论是组织思考的根本改变,它将领导定义为学校所有人的责任,而不仅仅是校长等少数人的行为。分布式领导致力于在组织成员中分享领导职能,建立清晰的愿景和目标,提升组织成员的领导能力,同时考虑到学校组织结构和管理体制、绩效责任制度以及学校文化等因素的配合。     

Rasch Validation of a Measure of Reform-Oriented Science Teaching Practices

Growing evidence from recent curriculum documents and previous research suggests that reform-oriented science teaching practices promote students’ conceptual understanding, levels of achievement, and motivation to learn, especially when students are actively engaged in constructing their ideas through scientific inquiries. However, it is difficult to identify to what extent science teachers engage students in reform-oriented teaching practices (RTPs) in their science classrooms. In order to exactly diagnose the current status of science teachers’ implementation of the RTPs, a valid and reliable instrument tool is needed. The principles of validity and reliability are fundamental cornerstones in developing a robust measurement tool. As such, this study was motivated by the desire to point out the limitations of the existing statistical and psychometric analyses and to further examine the validation of the RTP survey instrument. This paper thus aims at calibrating the items of the RTPs for science teachers using the Rasch model. The survey instrument scale was adapted from the 2012 National Survey of Science and Mathematics Education (NSSME) data. A total of 3701 science teachers from 1403 schools from across the USA participated in the NSSME survey. After calibrating the RTP items and persons on the same scale, the RTP instrument well represented the population of US science teachers. Model-data fit determined by Infit and Outfit statistics was within an appropriate range (0.5–1.5), supporting the unidimensional structure of the RTPs. The ordered category thresholds and the probability of the thresholds showed that the five-point rating scale functioned well. The results of this study support the use of the RTP measure from the 2012 NSSME in assessing usage of RTPs.     

国家主导的校长培训治理模式——以英国学校领导发展为例

通过对英国学校领导发展历史的梳理,本文发现英国学校领导的发展历史是国家从不干预到提供资助、进行管制和提供培训,并逐渐形成国家主导的学校领导发展治理模式的过程。国家主导的学校领导发展治理模式为英国学校领导发展的项目创新提供了强有力的政策支持及经济保障。然而,也正是由于集资助、管制和提供为一身,英国的学校领导发展逐渐为唯一的培训模式所垄断,其未来发展面临着挑战。     

Homework Stress: Construct Validation of a Measure

This article presents 2 studies aimed at validating a measure of stress experienced by children and parents around the issue of homework, applying Benson's program of validation (Benson, 1998 Benson, J. 1998. Developing a strong program of construct validation: A test anxiety example. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 17: 10–17. doi: 10.1111/j.1745–3992.1998.tb00616.x[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]). Study 1 provides external validity of the measure by supporting hypothesized relations between stress around homework and students’ and parents’ positive and negative affect, students’ sense of competence, and students’ type of motivation. In Study 2, the measure was administered to students with and without learning disability—2 groups assumed to differ in the level of stress experienced while doing homework. Results of both studies support the validity of the measure.     

The Development and Validation of the University Belonging Questionnaire

Although belonging in K–12 school settings has been abundantly researched and clearly defined, at the university level the research and construct definition is still in its infancy (Tovar & Simon, 2010). The present study sought to develop and validate an instrument measuring university belonging—the University Belonging Questionnaire (UBQ). In Study 1, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted with a sample of university students (N = 421), finding a reliable scale with three factors: (a) university affiliation, (b) university support and acceptance, and (c) faculty and staff relations. In Study 2, a confirmatory factor analysis on a new sample (N = 290), confirmed the final 3-factor, 24-item model. Further analyses demonstrated the convergent and incremental validity of the UBQ, as it positively correlated with measures of perceived social support, social connectedness, and general belonging. Implications and recommendations for university belonging research are discussed.     

Leadership as Accountability for Learning: The Effects of School Poverty, Teacher Experience, Previous Achievement, and Principal Preparation Programs on Student Achievement

In the current era of accountability for achievement, school principals play the pivotal role of instructional leader. In a high-stakes testing environment, leadership preparation programs in universities and school districts need to be positively related to academic outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between school leadership preparation programs and student achievement in urban settings. Because leadership is contingent on the setting, school contextual factors and their impact on student achievement framed this study. Regression techniques were employed to construct a conceptual model with predictors of criterion and norm-referenced student achievement scores. Confirming previous research findings, student poverty, teacher experience, and previous achievement were the strongest predictors and accounted for a significant amount of variance in student achievement; however, university and district preparation programs were not significant predictors. Implications for policy, practice, and future research are discussed.     

从课程开发到课程领导：高职教师项目课程实施策略探索﹡

从教师专业发展的视角,针对部分高职教师参与课程开发的动力不足的问题,论证了课程资源建设与教师专业发展之间的正相关性关系,提出了高职教师采取主动参与课程开发、开展教研进行研究反思以及合力打造课程团队等策略,可以通过从入门--成长--熟练--专家的专业发展的四个阶段,逐步完成从课程开发者成长为课程领导者的过渡,而这也是教师专业发展成熟的重要标志。     

基于主成分分析的新疆优势产业的选择与发展

本文采用定量和定性分析、理论分析和政策设计相结合等研究方法,从优势产业的角度,来选择出新疆今后需要重点和优先发展的产业,并根据选择的结果,提出发展新疆优势产业的具体措施。     

Standards Performance Continuum: Development and Validation of a Measure of Effective Pedagogy

Abstract

The authors present the development and validation of the Standards Performance Continuum (SPC), a measure for assessing teacher performance of the Standards for Effective Pedagogy. The authors created the SPC to serve as an instrument for research on the relationship between teachers' use of these standards and instructional effectiveness, as a guide for teacher professional development, and as a tool for education reform. The goal of this research was to construct a quantitative instrument that is practical, easily scored, and readily interpretable. The standards are discussed, and 3 studies provide evidence of interrater reliability, concurrent validity, and criterion-related validity supporting the validity of interpretations of data gathered with the SPC.     

Stages of Change in Relationship Status Questionnaire: Development and Validation

This study involved the development of the Stages of Change in Relationship Status (SOCRS) measure in 2 samples of college students. This scale is designed to measure how individuals progress through stages of change when terminating violent and nonviolent intimate relationships. Results indicated that the SOCRS is a reliable and valid tool to assess stages of change consistent with the guiding theory. Implications for practice are discussed.     

学校发展的现实困境与可持续学校领导

当前中小学的发展已经陷入可持续性不足的困境中,主要表现为学生的浅表性学习与厌学情绪弥散,校长、教师的应付性工作与教育热情隐退,学校之间的过度竞争与发展能量消耗,标准化要求与学校种群单一。突破这一困境需要我们确立一种可持续学校领导观。可持续学校领导观强调学习的深入性,追求领导的广泛性,关注领导的延续性,坚持领导的正义性,珍视教育生态的多样性。要将可持续领导从观念落到实践,需要我们构建起可持续学校领导系统,形成学校领导共同体,做好学校领导更替工作,并关注学校领导在纵向时间上的关联。     

Leadership development challenges in South African schools: The Advanced Certificate: Education (School Management and Leadership)

Abstract

A number of schools in South Africa appear to be struggling with the changes that the government is introducing to improve the quality of education and lay a strong foundation for the country's societal transformation. Leadership has been found to be one of the factors that are associated with how schools cope with change and its complexities. This article focuses on a conceptual examination of the national Advanced Certificate: Education (School Management and Leadership) programme's capacity for promoting sustainable leadership in schools. The findings from the critical analysis of the qualification's documentation suggest that the current formulation of this school leadership development programme does not address the complexities of leadership and change, and is thus unlikely to adequately contribute towards leadership effectiveness or its sustainability in schools. It may, however, contribute to short- term school improvements, policy compliance, management effectiveness or economy and/or administrative efficiency.     

高校教师工作形塑问卷的编制及信效度检验

编制高校教师工作形塑问卷,并对其信度和效度进行检验。在项目收集和预试的基础上,通过对全国15所大学的900名高校教师进行问卷调查,采用探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析处理数据。高校教师工作形塑的结构包括三个维度:任务形塑、认知形塑和环境形塑;三因素模型在验证性因素分析中得到了较好的验证;信度分析表明高校教师工作形塑问卷的内部一致性信度系数为0.820。编制的高校教师工作形塑问卷具有较好的内部一致性,可以为高校教师人力资源管理提供理论支持。     

Exploring principal capacity to lead reform of teaching and learning quality in Thailand

In 1999 Thailand passed an ambitious national educational law that paved the way for major reforms in teaching, learning and school management. Despite the ambitious vision of reform embedded in this law, recent studies suggest that implementation progress has been slow, uneven, and lacking deep penetration onto classrooms. Carried out ten years after the launch of the reform law, the current research sought to expand on these earlier studies by examining the capacity of Thailand's principals to lead reforms in teaching and learning. The study developed a national profile of principal instructional leadership using a Thai Form of the Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale ( Hallinger, 1994). The overall profile of 1195 primary and secondary school principals suggested a moderate level of engagement in two dimensions (Creating a School Mission and Developing a Positive School Learning Climate) and a lower level of activity on the dimension, Managing the Instructional Program. The results provide preliminary evidence which suggests that a more systematic human resource strategy is needed in order to ensure that Thailand's key school leaders have the knowledge, skills and motivation needed to support changes in teaching and learning envisioned in the nation's education reforms.     

先前学习评价：国际发展的经验与分析

先前学习评价是对成人非正式学习所获得的知识、技能或能力加以测评、认可并授予相关证明的一种评价方式。从美国、英国、加拿大、法国和澳大利亚的先前学习评价实践来看,先前学习评价为推动与实现终身学习提供了具体途径,对个体职业发展产生了重要影响,促进了高等教育机构办学的转变,促进了国际范围的人才流动。这些国际经验对我国开展先前学习评价的实践意义是：提供了质量保证措施,包括政策、实施机构、实施流程与范围、评价标准、实施团队和模式经验等。这都对我国学分银行建设、学习成果认证制度建立、非正式学习成果识别和学分转换等方面的政策制定者、研究者以及在操作性层面上予以实施的践行者等提供重要的参考。     

Development of a Questionnaire to Measure the Level of Reflective Thinking

Many courses aim to promote reflective thinking or reflection upon practice, but there is a scarcity of readily usable instruments to determine whether students engage in reflective thinking and, if so, to what extent. This paper reports the development and testing of such an instrument. To ensure validity, the constructs measured were derived from the extensive literature on reflective thinking, particularly the writing of Mezirow. A combination of the literature review and initial testing led to the development of a four-scale instrument measuring four constructs; habitual action, understanding, reflection and critical reflection. The final version of the instrument was tested with a sample of 303 students from eight classes of a health science faculty. The reliability of the scales was established by acceptable Cronbach alpha values. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit to the proposed four-factor structure. Comparison of mean scores between the eight classes showed predicted significant differences on each of the four scales between undergraduate and postgraduate students.     

政策工具视角下的高校人事制度改革

本文在系统回顾我国高校人事制度改革历程、梳理相关政策文本的基础上,从政策工具运用与创新的视角,对1978年以来中央政府及各部委出台的55份高校人事制度改革相关政策文本进行了统计分析。文章总结了政策工具运用过程中表现出的特征:政策工具的选择逐步走向多元,但仍以强制性政策为主体;伴随政策权力下放,政策工具创新逐渐由政府转移到高校;政策工具转型采用了渐进式改革,有效降低了改革推进的阻力。同时,针对政策工具运用过程中出现的问题,本文给出了有针对性的政策建议。