学龄前流动儿童行为问题与父母婚姻质量研究

考察学龄前流动儿童行为问题的现状及其与父母婚姻质量的关系。方法:采用Rutter儿童行为问卷和Olson婚姻质量问卷对学龄前流动儿童及其父母进行了测查。结果:(1)学龄前流动儿童行为问题的检出率为32.6%;(2)行为问题组和行为正常组儿童的父母婚姻质量在过份理想化、夫妻交流、解决冲突的方式、经济安排、子女和婚姻、与亲友的关系以及角色平等性上都存在显著的差异;(3)学龄前流动儿童行为问题与父母婚姻质量呈显著负相关;夫妻交流、子女和婚姻两个因子对学龄前流动儿童的行为问题具有显著负向预测作用。结论:学龄前流动儿童行为问题与父母婚姻质量之间关系密切,婚姻质量越低,学龄前流动儿童发生行为问题的概率就越高。     

Evaluating anticipatory grief as a moderator of life and marital satisfaction for spousal caregivers of individuals with dementia

It is important to understand the role that anticipatory grief may have in moderating the interaction between relationship quality and marital and life satisfaction to help improve the awareness among professionals when identifying challenges individuals may experience while providing care to their romantic partner. This awareness may then lead to new ways of providing education or intervention to caregivers that may result in higher quality of care to individuals with dementia. The purpose of this study was to provide increasing awareness by evaluating the moderating role of anticipatory grief between perceptions of the relationship and marriage and life satisfaction. The sample of this study consisted of 90 spousal caregivers of individuals with dementia. Multiple regression was used and it was found that attachment and perceived closeness significantly predict satisfaction with life and marriage. Tests of moderation did not demonstrate that anticipatory grief served as a moderator for marital satisfaction or life satisfaction. The findings from the study provide information related to informing and structuring interventions and psychoeducation activities for spousal caregivers.     

特殊儿童父母亲职压力与婚姻质量关系研究

通过问卷调查法,分析特殊儿童父母亲职压力与婚姻质量的关系,重点探究发展性障碍儿童父母与感官障碍儿童父母在亲职压力与婚姻质量上的差异,并为特殊儿童父母降低压力、提升婚姻质量提供科学干预措施。结果发现:特殊儿童父母亲职压力与婚姻质量出现显著负相关,其中发展性障碍儿童父母与感官障碍儿童父母在亲职压力上存在显著差异,在婚姻质量上差异不显著。     

父母婚姻关系与大学生子女人格相关研究

对某师范院校460名大学生进行了父母婚姻关系与人格发展相关研究,结果显示父母婚姻关系对大学生子女（尤其是女性）在情绪稳定性及社会适应性等方面发展有重要影响,父母有义务和责任提高婚姻关系质量,以促进子女人格的积极发展。     

Marriage and the Parenting Alliance: Longitudinal Prediction of Change in Parenting Perceptions and Behaviors

The study evaluates how marriage and the parenting alliance affect parenting experiences over time. Couples ( N = 79) with school-age children who have mental retardation completed self-report and observational measures of marriage, the parenting alliance, and parenting attitudes and behaviors at 2 periods, 18–24 months apart. Longitudinal structural equation modeling demonstrated significant effects of marital quality on changes over time in self-reports of perceived parenting competence for both the mothers and the fathers, and in observed negative mother-child interactions. Also, in all cases, the parenting alliance mediated the effects of marriage on parenting experiences. There was little evidence of reciprocal causation in which parenting variables predicted change in the quality of marriage and the parenting alliance. Interactions involving child age suggested that teenagers as opposed to younger children were more reactive to negative features of their parents' marital functioning and parenting alliance. Implications are discussed regarding stable but negative marital functioning and regarding possible differences in mothers' and fathers' parenting in the context of marital distress.     

Parenting in the Context of the Child: Genetic and Social Processes

The focus on the role of parenting in child development has a long-standing history. When measures of parenting precede changes in child development, researchers typically infer a causal role of parenting practices and attitudes on child development. However, this research is usually conducted with parents raising their own biological offspring. Such research designs cannot account for the effects of genes that are common to parents and children, nor for genetically influenced traits in children that influence how they are parented and how parenting affects them. The aim of this monograph is to provide a clearer view of parenting by synthesizing findings from the Early Growth and Development Study (EGDS). EGDS is a longitudinal study of adopted children, their birth parents, and their rearing parents studied across infancy and childhood. Families (N = 561) were recruited in the United States through adoption agencies between 2000 and 2010. Data collection began when adoptees were 9 months old (males = 57.2%; White 54.5%, Black 13.2%, Hispanic/Latinx 13.4%, Multiracial 17.8%, other 1.1%). The median child age at adoption placement was 2 days (M = 5.58, SD = 11.32). Adoptive parents were predominantly in their 30s, White, and coming from upper-middle- or upper-class backgrounds with high educational attainment (a mode at 4-year college or graduate degree). Most adoptive parents were heterosexual couples, and were married at the beginning of the project. The birth parent sample was more racially and ethnically diverse, but the majority (70%) were White. At the beginning of the study, most birth mothers and fathers were in their 20s, with a mode of educational attainment at high school degree, and few of them were married. We have been following these family members over time, assessing their genetic influences, prenatal environment, rearing environment, and child development. Controlling for effects of genes common to parents and children, we confirmed some previously reported associations between parenting, parent psychopathology, and marital adjustment in relation to child problematic and prosocial behavior. We also observed effects of childrenʼs heritable characteristics, characteristics thought to be transmitted from parent to child by genetic means, on their parents and how those effects contributed to subsequent child development. For example, we found that genetically influenced child impulsivity and social withdrawal both elicited harsh parenting, whereas a genetically influenced sunny disposition elicited parental warmth. We found numerous instances of children's genetically influenced characteristics that enhanced positive parental influences on child development or that protected them from harsh parenting. Integrating our findings, we propose a new, genetically informed process model of parenting. We posit that parents implicitly or explicitly detect genetically influenced liabilities and assets in their children. We also suggest future research into factors such as marital adjustment, that favor parents responding with appropriate protection or enhancement. Our findings illustrate a productive use of genetic information in prevention research: helping parents respond effectively to a profile of child strengths and challenges rather than using genetic information simply to identify some children unresponsive to current preventive interventions.     

农村“双栖”——基于澧县柳荫、婚居现象初探国富、白合三村的调查

当前中国农村的婚居形式随着社会的转型发生着深刻变化,夫妻婚后不再长时间定居在一方,而是在男女双方父母居住地之间做流动性居住,出现了越来越多的“双栖”现象。“双栖”现象表现出一种新的婚居形式——“双栖”婚居。基于一定的实践调查,对“双栖”婚居的内涵、成因、影响等基本问题进行分析探讨,以期深化“双栖”婚居现象的理论研究,进一步推动和谐家庭的构建。     

The experiences of parents of gifted African American children: A phenomenological study

This study documents the experiences of parents raising African American children who have been identified as gifted. There is a small but growing body of research exploring the experiences and issues of gifted African American children. Parents play the most significant role in a child's development; however, parents of gifted African American children are not currently represented in the literature. This study utilized semi‐structured interviews with the parent or parents from 12 families to explore their experiences of rearing their gifted African American children. Particular attention was addressed to issues surrounding their children's academic and social experiences, including interactions with school, family, and community. Implications are elucidated for individuals working with this population, and suggestions for future research are provided.     

Marital birth and early child outcomes: the moderating influence of marriage propensity

Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study, the present study tested whether the benefits of a marital birth for early child development diminish as parents' risk of having a nonmarital birth increases (N = 2,285). It was hypothesized that a child's likelihood of being born to unmarried parents is partly a function of father characteristics that predict his capacity to promote child development. Results partially supported hypothesis. A positive association emerged between parental marriage and cognitive outcomes at age 3 only for children whose parents were likely to be married at the child's birth, suggesting average differences between children in married and unmarried families may overestimate the benefit of marriage in subpopulations most impacted by nonmarital birth.     

恋爱自由与双重爱情标准--民国时期关于"爱情定则"论争的历史透视

民国时期，由于各种家庭问题与社会问题的不断出现，婚姻问题也逐渐进入人们改革的视野。婚姻中的爱情要素被国人赋予了神圣而崇高的意义，人们猛烈批判旧式无爱的婚制，呼吁恋爱革命的到来。但是因为当时的中国处于新旧过渡的时期，一般知识青年的思想一方面接受了新学说的启蒙，另一方面又不可避免地受到传统旧观念的影响。通过对民国时期关于“爱情定则”大争论的考察，可以清楚地看到，一般知识青年是如何糅合新旧观念，构造出怪异的具有双重爱情选择标准的爱情观。     

试论小说《白孔雀》中的婚姻观

婚姻观是人们对婚姻生活的基本看法.在<白孔雀>中,劳伦斯否定了资本主义社会传统的、以经济条件和社会地位为基础的"门当户对"的婚姻观,也否定了为求得解脱而不惜违背情感需求草率行事不负责任的婚姻态度,提出了听从源于本能的"血的呼唤",回归自然和生命本体,建立新型的以性爱为基础的、精神与肉体和谐的两性关系的婚姻观.他的婚姻观虽然有一定的局限性,但仍然是值得肯定的.     

The Origins of Parenting Stress During the Transition to Parenthood: A New Family Model

This paper describes the origins of parenting stress, defined both as tensions in the parent-child relationship and as broader changes in five family domains as men and women make the transition from couple to family life. Despite significant change in their average level of functioning, parents show continuity in their level of adaptation from pregnancy through the first five years of parenthood. Parenting stress emerges from the context of parents' individual and marital adaptation before the child is born. It is possible to identify expectant parents who are at risk for later parenting stress and lower well-being across employment and family domains. Path analyses show that men's and women's prior well-being and their involvement in paid work during pregnancy are associated with higher parenting stress—and lower self-esteem, marital satisfaction, family work satisfaction, and job satisfaction—two years later when their babies are 18months old. Stress in the parent-child relationship at 18 months postpartum compounds preexisting stress in other family domains to reduce well-being in other aspects of family life. Links among parenting stress, parenting quality, and children's adaptation to school lead to suggestions for preventive interventions early in the family life cycle.     

西周婚姻家庭制度的现实启迪

中国法制史上，西周的婚姻家庭制度比较完备。其婚姻原则、婚姻成立的要件、婚姻关系的禁止条件及中止条件、婚姻形式、夫妻关系等规定规定对现今婚姻家庭制度具有重要的借鉴作用，具有较高的理论和实践价值。     

Thematic Analysis of Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma in Latinx Immigrant Families in the Southern US

Immigration is a growing social dynamic in many countries, eliciting a variety of different responses. Proponents of immigration note how the influx of new people into the United States (US) has enhanced the workforce and brought cultural enrichment; others have attributed to immigrants, particularly undocumented, a rise in crime and strains on social services. Consequently, immigrants often contend with discrimination and other unique stressors that increase the likelihood that immigration will be a traumatizing experience. Because scholarly focus on the impact of immigration upon psychological wellbeing typically highlights individual experiences, there is limited attention on the impact on immigrant families, particularly mixed-status families comprised of immigrant parents and children who are US citizens by birth. There is also limited attention on immigrant dynamics in the Southern US. This qualitative, thematic analysis explores the experiences of 71 pairs of Latinx immigrant mothers and their US citizen children, living in the Southern US, utilizing the lens of intergenerational transmission of trauma. Using narrative data taken from trauma assessment instruments, the authors identified the most prevalent themes shared by the mothers and their children as crime victimization, deportation, threats to family health, sexual abuse, and marital conflict.

     

The Origins of Parenting Stress During the Transition to Parenthood: A New Family Model

This paper describes the origins of parenting stress, defined both as tensions in the parent–child relationship and as broader changes in five family domains as men and women make the transition from couple to family life. Despite significant change in their average level of functioning, parents show continuity in their level of adaptation from pregnancy through the first five years of parenthood. Parenting stress emerges from the context of parents' individual and marital adaptation before the child is born. It is possible to identify expectant parents who are at risk for later parenting stress and lower well-being across employment and family domains. Path analyses show that men's and women's prior well-being and their involvement in paid work during pregnancy are associated with higher parenting stress—and lower self-esteem, marital satisfaction, family work satisfaction, and job satisfaction—two years later when their babies are 18months old. Stress in the parent–child relationship at 18 months postpartum compounds preexisting stress in other family domains to reduce well-being in other aspects of family life. Links among parenting stress, parenting quality, and children's adaptation to school lead to suggestions for preventive interventions early in the family life cycle.     

Lifelong learning and demographics: a Japanese perspective

This paper explores the social dimension of lifelong learning from the perspective of demographics, with particular focus on the issue of the birth of fewer children, which has become one of the most important current social issues in Japanese society. When considering the relationship between lifelong learning and demographics, the issues arising from an ageing population are usually the focus of policy‐makers. This perspective often overlooks crucial children’s issues, such as child development and the influence of the child’s daily environment. This paper suggests that it is necessary to analyse the issues arising from a society with fewer children independent of the concept of an aged society with fewer children in an attempt to emphasize these essential issues. The presented relationship between lifelong learning and the issues surrounding the birth of fewer children is based on two perspectives. The first perspective seeks to remove barriers such as the economic burden of educating children and the traditional stereotypical gender‐roles that have contributed to the birth of fewer children. The second perspective includes a response to the negative influences that the birth of fewer children has had on family’s experiences of child rearing and on children’s growth. Specifically, this paper develops the second perspective by focusing on three aspects: the development of children’s social skills; children’s growth as influenced by a high adult:child ratio; a decline in the quality of child rearing. Three issues are identified as necessary in order to build a Japanese society that fosters children: (1) embracing the concept of the ‘family‐friendly company’; (2)creating opportunities for mixed age groups to participate in learning programmes based on communities and schools; (3) reconsidering an intergenerational exchange programme.     

New fathers' postbirth views of antenatal classes: satisfaction, benefits, and knowledge of family services

New fathers (men whose partners had recently given birth) were asked to indicate to what degree antenatal classes had prepared them for childbirth, for their role as support persons, and for lifestyle and relationship changes after the birth. These postbirth findings were compared with a previous exit survey of male attendants at antenatal classes in which fathers-to-be predicted that the antenatal classes had prepared them well on all fronts. The new fathers in this study, however, reported that the antenatal classes had prepared them for childbirth but not for lifestyle and relationship changes after the birth. Additionally, couples who attended antenatal classes were asked to what extent they were familiar with family-related services in the region and how often they had used these services since the birth of their baby. Fathers were less familiar than mothers with the family-related services.     

略论婚姻信任危机的内涵、形式及其本质

婚姻是男女结合在一起共同生活,以繁衍后代为目的的一种社会现象。婚姻信任是婚姻主体双方对彼此坦诚、合作行为的合理期待。婚姻信任的危机指涉的是婚姻主体之间关系状态在某种程度上的破裂,这种破裂是一种持续的事态,对婚姻生活具有毁灭性的影响。其危机表现为由对婚姻本身的不安全感、猜疑或婚姻主体自我认同和共同认同的断裂。婚姻中的信任所涉及的婚姻主体之间的关系,在本质上是内生于生活实践的,它归根结底是婚姻主体在现实的生活实践中生成的一种关系存在,这种关系本质上是一种实践关系,婚姻主体在实践的过程中赋予彼此本质,并根据自身的实践经验来调节两者之间的危机。