美国电视社会责任感缺失的表现之一

在收视率的驱使下，美国电视自身发生了哪些变化呢？这集中地体现在社会责任感的缺失方面。从本期开始，我将用三篇小文章介绍这方面的情况，使我们获得必要的警示和清醒。     

商业运作机制下的美国电视

作为一个产业,美国电视业从20世纪30年代起,经历了一段快速崛起,发展和扩张的过程,到本世纪初,已经形成了拥有6家无线全国传播网——NBC、CBS、ABC、Fox、WB、UPN、1600多家电视台及上百个有线电视频道的庞大的电视传播网络。全美76％的电视台是商业电视台。商业电视台的价值都十分昂贵,一般很少个人有     

析美国电视数字化进展缓慢

一美国虽为传媒大国,但电视数字化起步却晚于欧洲和日本,且在推进整体转型方面阻力重重。1996年,美国政府意识到国内电视业数字化内驱力不足,完全靠市场导向可能会进展很慢,于是采取一系列行政手段进行干预。FCC(FederalCommunicationsCommission联邦通信委员会)经组织专家研究,出台了一张“过渡时间表”。这张时间表规定:2006年,所有电视频道将全部播放数字节目,现行两亿多台模拟电视机全部更新。其间,到1999年底,HDTV(HighDefinitionTelevision高清晰度电视)覆盖半数美国家庭,至2000年5月,各有线电视台必须至少携带一套HDTV节目,20…     

电视市场细分与电视产品的整体性

据统计，目前，我国上空已有包括中央电视台在内的31家电视台四十多个频道的卫星电视信号，而在全国31个省会城市及直辖市的有线电视网中，其卫视频道的数量超过15个的还占不到一半，个别卫视落地仅有可怜巴巴的几个城市。有些卫视的落地城市还在逐年减少。     

《电视指南》：美国商业电视的产业环链

美国是目前世界上电视产业最发达的国家，也是世界上商业电视的代表。无线电视台1569座，其中商业台1202座，约占77%；有线电视节目传输系统有10854个，连接的电视用户7350万家，占全国电视家庭的72.9%.①由此，产生了一个很现实的问题：面对400-500个频道的电视节目，面对     

暴力和性——美国电视收视率导向的表现之二

美国媒介巨头、时代华纳副总载,CNN总载泰德·特纳在谈到当前美国的电视节目时,称现在的电视"愚蠢、低劣、糟糕,充满暴力和征服".     

“真实电视”——美国电视收视率导向的表现之一

人们说电视由于其必须具有画面而能保有真实性,但是在吸引观众的强大动力驱使下,电视新闻的画面开始由媒体自己来构造了。     

浅谈综艺频道的走向

眼下，各省级电视台有线无线的合并使得频道更为专业化，然而无论如何变化，综艺频道总是不可少的。     

谈美国电视的深度报道节目

自从1951年美国出现电视深度报道节目以来，美国各大商业电视网(比如CBS、ABC、NBC、PBS、FOX)等都相继推出了电视深度报道节目。到目前为止，美国著名且有代表性的电视深度报道节目主要有《现在请看》、《60分钟》、《夜线》、《20／20》以及《麦克尼尔和莱赫尔新闻小时》等。     

香港的商业电视现象透视

香港的商业电视比较发达，目前主要由两家无线电视台和若干家有线电视经营机构组成，其性质一律为持有政府经营牌照的商业电视。     

A Look at Subject Headings

In the preparation of a book on how to do a literature search, many inconsistencies were found in the assignment of subject terms. The Library of Congress Subject Headings is cited for not bringing computer languages into a consistent pattern. BASIC and FORTRAN are treated differently in their see also references and are without references to the words "computers" or "computer." Also index terms for the literature search on the "search for extraterrestrial life" showed inconsistent patterns in indexing. Catalogers and indexers need to review the work they are currently publishing and try to decide how to bring some standardization to the construction of subject terms. There is a need to provide a single thesaurus for all English index terms.     

A Look at Circulation Statistics

ABSTRACT

Nearly all academic libraries keep circulation statistics which are often shared with their parent university, library consortia, and national organizations. This study attempted to discover what goes into circulation statistics by surveying Southeastern research libraries. Libraries were asked what they count in their circulation statistics and what their circulation policies are to identify differences across libraries. The results of the survey indicate that there is no set formula for counting circulation statistics.     

A Look at Global Expansion for e-Books

Forecasts indicate a growing demand for digital content around the world. Converting to digital content can open up countless new revenue possibilities. Adding alternate channels may be worth consideration, but what are the options and what does it take to utilize them effectively? This article explores the opportunities that potentially exist for publishers with content that may be digitized and distributed to global markets. A brief review of the current marketplace is also incorporated, including current players and trends. Finally, an analysis of some of the potential issues, challenges and pitfalls is presented in context of delving into a new international digital content distribution strategy.     

美国电视晚间新闻四棱镜

传播新闻和娱乐节目被视为电视媒介的两大基本功能。在电视节目系统中,新闻节目无疑是最主要的节目类型之一,而每天晚间黄金时段和观众“有约”的电视晚间新闻自然又是其中更为引人注目的一个分支。美国三大电     

Children's Museums: A Look Back at the Literature

This article examines nine articles from the Curator archive, from 1960–2017, on the topic of children's museums. It concludes that despite enormous changes in these museums over the 60‐year span, there are a number of trends consistent in the literature. The article concludes with a call to museums to invest in research in order to understand the impact of our work, and to help us ensure we are really achieving what we claim to.