如何培养青少年球员的意志力

意志力是网球选手成功的基石,优秀的网球选手无一例外都具有坚强的意志力。对于青少年选手来说,意志力的培养更应该成为他们训练和比赛中的重中之重。     

武术散打运动员意志力因素及评价

武术散打比赛的结果除了与运动员的运动能力与技术水平相关外,还涉及到比赛环境、临场发挥等一系列因素。以独立性、果断性、自制性、顽强性为主的意志力因素在很大程度上决定了运动员的比赛成绩及竞技水平。文章以艾森克人格问卷测试方式为原型,制作了意志力因素测量表及测量方法,用以量化评价武术散打运动员意志力因素,试图找出优秀武术散打运动员与一般武术散打运动员的意志力因素差别。     

体育教育与职业院校学生的意志力培养的研究

本文通过对职业院校学生意志力的调查发现,职业院校学生意志力欠缺。存在惰性较强、优柔寡断、缺乏恒心和抗挫折能力弱的现象。建议通过体育教育锻炼学生意志力,提高职业能力。     

浅析戒毒康复者的意志力训练

为了帮助戒毒康复者摆脱毒品困扰,恢复正常生活,本文阐述了戒毒康复者的意志力在戒毒康复过程中的重要意义,并提出了训练和强化戒毒康复者意志力的方法。通过强化戒毒康复者戒毒康复的内部动机,提高戒毒人员意志力,加强戒毒康复者的自控能力和抗诱惑能力,帮助戒毒康复人员摆脱毒品的诱惑。     

论摔跤运动员意志力的培养

阐述了意志力在摔跤运动中的重要意义及表现特点,提出了培养摔跤运动员意志力的各种方法,即:强化运动员实现目标的内部动机;逐步增加训练和比赛难度;帮助运动员建立正确的归因等.     

身体锻炼与发展意志

<正> 意志这一心理现象表现在意志行动中。意志行动的能力——意志力,是能力结构中不可缺少的组成部分。意志力的强弱是衡定智力发展水平的重要标志。注意、观察、记忆、思维、想象等认识活动,需要良好的意志力;在认识的基础上,在感情的激励下,作出决定、拟制行动方案,需要有良好的意志力;执行决定,把行动方案付诸实施,作用于客观世     

海岛野外生存训练对大学生心理品质的影响

探讨传统体育锻炼项目(健美操、篮球、乒乓球)与海岛野外生存训练对被试的成就动机、社会适应性和意志力的影响.结果显示:海岛野外生存训练在提升被试的成就动机、社会适应性和意志力方面具有良好作用;海岛野外生存训练对提升被试的社会适应性水平优于传统健美操、乒乓球项目,在提升意志力水平方面优于传统的篮球项目.     

韩国速滑教练员领导行为与运动员意志力关系

为了探讨韩国教练员领导行为与运动员意志力之间的关系,对韩国冰上联盟注册的167名运动员进行了调查。结果发现,韩国教练员领导行为的各个维度与运动员意志力的各个维度间存在显著正相关关系,标准多元回归表明,韩国教练员的领导行为中唯独专制行为对运动员的胜负欲、坚韧性以及努力的预测作用显著。这提示我们,韩国运动员所表现出来的顽强意志力,与教练员的专制行为有着密切的关系。另一方面韩国教练员特有的专制行为与运动员坚忍不拔的意志力的形成,主要原因大致归纳为历史的变迁、儒佛文化的完美结合及弘扬、跆拳道精神的提倡、兵役制度的历练以及封建观念的传承。     

浅谈足球运动员的意志品质培养

意志这一心理现象表现在意志行动中,意志行动的能力——意志力,是能力结构中不可缺少的组成部份。意志力的强弱是衡定智力发展水平的重要标志,也是衡定足球运动员竞技机能的标志。意志通常被人们称为意志品质。它是人们自觉确定目的,根据目的而支配、调节自己的行动,克服各种困难,从而达到实现目的。意志与一个人的认识和情绪是分不开的。它们是相互影响、相互促进的。注意、观察,记忆,思维、想象等认识活动,需要良好的意志力,在认识的基础上,在感情的激励下,作出决定、拟制行动方案,需要有良好的意志力;执行决定,把行动方案付诸实施、作用于客观世界,达到既定目标,需要有良好的意志力,因此对足球     

论初中体育教学中学生的意志力的培养策略

学生在初中阶段正处于走向独立的过程,这一时期学生的意志力普遍比较薄弱,在初中体育教学中,良好的教学方法,能让学生在户外体育运动中得到充分的身体锻炼,思维放松,同时培养自身意志力。本文将从如何激发学生的运动兴趣、改善体育课堂教学方法、加强师生交流、树立体育课堂模范榜样等方面进行探讨,通过合适的教学方法培养学生的意志力。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

对欧洲足球技战术发展趋势的思考

结合欧洲足球技战术的发展特点,就鲁能泰山足球队的体能训练、技术训练、防守阵型、进攻方式、定位球、职业态度、球星培养等诸方面所存在的不足进行了分析,提出相应的改进意见。