Urban exploration: Secrecy and information creation and sharing in a hobby context

Urban exploration is a hobby that involves visiting and capturing visual images of urban infrastructure often no longer used, including sewers, towers, factories, and military instalments. Hobbyists then frequently share their visual content via social media sites. The urban explorer's multi-layered construction of content offers an important opportunity to understand how people create information and share experiences and content in a hobby context. Data were gathered through face-to-face interviews with 17 urban explorers from Ireland and the United Kingdom and an analysis of urban explorers' digital presence. Results suggest that urban explorers believe their hobby serves both personal and civic purposes. Urban explorers' creative hobby behaviors further lead them to secretive information behaviors.     

Social scientists' data reuse behaviors: Exploring the roles of attitudinal beliefs,attitudes, norms,and data repositories

Many disciplines within the social sciences have a dynamic culture of sharing and reusing data. Because social science data differ from data in the hard sciences, it is necessary to explicitly examine social science data reuse. This study explores the data reuse behaviors of social scientists in order to better understand both the factors that influence those social scientists' intentions to reuse data and the extent to which those factors influence actual data reuse. Using an integrated theoretical model developed from the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the technology acceptance model (TAM), this study provides a broad explanation of the relationships among factors influencing social scientists' data reuse. A total of 292 survey responses were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings suggest that social scientists' data reuse intentions are directly influenced by the subjective norm of data reuse, attitudes toward data reuse, and perceived effort involved in data reuse. Attitude toward data reuse mediated social scientists' intentions to reuse data, leading to the indirect influence of the perceived usefulness and perceived concern of data reuse, as well as the indirect influence of the subjective norm of data reuse. Finally, the availability of a data repository indirectly influenced social scientists' intentions to reuse data by reducing the perceived effort involved.     

Does an image facilitate the sharing of negative news on social media? An experimental investigation

Negative news on social media is always disseminated promptly and widely which leads to negative economic and social outcomes that render a practical research agenda necessary to understand user sharing decisions. Moreover, news posted on social media usually includes images, but little is known about the role of such images in shaping user decisions to share negative news. To fill this gap, the humans' affective–cognitive model of information processing (HACIP) was developed to explore the effects of images on the sharing of negative news and to investigate the contingent role of images in the sharing decision. To test the model and hypotheses, a scenario-based online experiment was conducted, which yielded 285 valid responses. Analysis results indicate that images in negative news induce users' negative emotion and arousal, which influence their sharing decision. Further, the presence of images strengthens the effect of negative emotion and weakens the effect of information uniqueness. Thus, this study contributes to the literature by identifying the distinct role of images in information processing and by proposing a brand-new framework to explore user sharing of negative news.     

Using government websites to enhance democratic E-governance: A conceptual model for evaluation

The last few decades have witnessed unprecedented transformations in every sector of society, resulting from the explosive advancement of information and communication technologies. This drastic development has raised the hopes of citizens for better lives, in both developing and advanced countries, urging innovation in government to make it more competent. Due to e-business revolutions, governments around the world have applied similar principles and technologies to government by opening their websites for more efficient publication of information and more effective delivery of public services. While a government website is an important venue for citizens to participate in public affairs and decision-making processes, early e-government practices tended to overlook democratic purposes by focusing on the features of e-business and information systems. There have been increasing criticisms that e-government system design has focused mainly on the provider's perspectives. Reflecting on the theoretical implications of this, we argue that a government website should facilitate democratic processes involving not only information sharing and delivery of better public services, but also deliberation and coproduction. The purpose of this study is to probe into multidimensional features that enable government websites to fulfill their promises. Developing an integrative model for evaluating a government website, namely the Democratic E-governance Website Evaluation Model, we conducted a qualitative meta-analysis of four strands of literature: information systems, business, public administration, and democratic theory. Our study contributes to the literature by extending the purview of e-government website analysis beyond the question of citizens' acceptance and towards the issue of their engagement, bringing a stimulating view of citizens as active agents in governance, and it provides a holistic model for public authorities to improve their websites to facilitate democratic e-governance that helps to create more effective public outcomes.     

信息资源共享与专利保护一致性与冲突性研究

在知识经济时代,信息资源共享一方面保障了公众获取信息资源的知情权,提高了信息资源的利用效率,一方面又带来了可能侵犯专利权的风险。针对信息资源共享与专利保护的一致性和冲突性两方面,本文将着重研究它们深层次的关系,探析内在逻辑,指出这是个人利益与社会利益的一对博弈,并就此提出具体的措施和对策     

Understanding User-Librarian Interaction Types in Academic Library Microblogging: A Comparison Study in Twitter and Weibo

This research examined the ways in which academic librarians and users interact when using social media tools such as Twitter and Weibo as well as end-users' and librarians' perceptions of the types of interaction through social media. The study conducted an analysis of 1600 microblog posts sampled from twenty university library Weibo (Chinese Twitter) sites and twenty library Twitter sites in English-speaking countries. The results were compared using Chi-Square analysis. Results indicated that at present academic librarians in English-speaking countries use post information relevant to the library (news and events) and respond to information/research inquiries. And academic librarians in China are likely to use Weibo to communicate with users and to disseminate library news. Given the lack of previous research on how social media such as micro-blogging in general facilitates communication between librarians and library users in academic libraries between in English-speaking countries and China, this study provides valuable information concerning librarians' and end-users' interactions of information/knowledge sharing activities, which will enable libraries to be better positioned to promote user engagement through SNS usage.     

Why Users Share the News: A Theory of Reasoned Action-Based Study on the Antecedents of News-Sharing Behavior

Social media have become an integral part of online news use, affecting how individuals find, consume, and share news. By applying the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), this study investigates the effects of motives, attitude, and intention on news-sharing behavior among German social media users (n = 333). Findings show that news-sharing attitude and subjective norms have a positive effect on news-sharing intention, which in turn has a positive effect on actual news-sharing behavior. Taken together, we see that a new media behavior in the early phases of its societal diffusion—like social media news sharing in Germany in 2015—can mainly be explained by a rational choice logic and is rooted in the motives of socializing and information seeking. This finding thus reflects the double nature of social media as a means for both information retrieval and social grooming.     

微信用户信息共享行为影响因素模型及实证研究——基于信息生态视角的分析

[目的/意义] 针对移动社交媒体的典型工具微信的信息共享行为进行研究,以帮助企业或相关组织更好地利用社交媒体工具开展相关的业务及公共服务。[方法/过程] 基于信息生态视角,构建微信用户信息共享行为的影响因素模型,并通过实证研究方法对模型的适用性进行检验。[结果/结论] 数据分析结果表明,感知信息有用性、自我效能、信息技术创新性、信息环境交互性四个变量对微信用户信息共享态度产生正向影响,微信用户的信息共享态度对共享行为也产生正向影响。     

旅游社交网站用户信息共享行为影响因素研究——以“马蜂窝”旅游网为例

[目的/意义]以"马蜂窝"旅游网为研究对象，探究旅游社交网站用户信息共享行为及其影响因素，旨在为旅游社交网站建设及其移动端的交互设计优化改进提供理论参考。[方法/过程]选取技术接受模型中的感知有用性和社会认知理论中的自我效能，并结合弱关系理论引入环境机制、服务质量和期望互惠3个影响因素，构建旅游社交网站用户信息共享行为影响因素模型，通过问卷调查收集数据，采用SPSS对该模型进行实证检验并建立回归方程。[结果/结论]通过因子分析提取主成分，将信息共享行为分为收藏转载式和平台交流式，发现：感知有用性、服务质量和期望互惠这3种变量对收藏转载式信息共享行为产生正向影响，其中感知有用性和期望互惠这两种变量显著正向影响信息共享行为。     

Let Me Tell You About My Success: The Implications of Attribution-Based Capitalization Response Messages for Discloser Affect

Capitalization attempts, or the sharing of personal good news, can have positive outcomes for disclosers when met with a skillful response. This study reports on a test of an attribution-based theoretical framework for capitalization response messages. Participants (N = 314) read capitalization response messages created by crossing the causal attribution dimensions of locus, stability, and globality. They rated messages for their anticipated effect on positive and negative affect. Results indicate that messages that make internal attributions for success are rated significantly higher on positive affect and lower on negative affect than messages making external attributions, as are messages making stable versus unstable attributions. The stability dimension moderates the impact of the globality dimension on message ratings. Implications for attribution and social support theories are discussed.     

The hidden,manipulated, and secret information world of gambling addiction: Maximizing use of in-depth,narrative interviews to understand social impact

The in-depth, narrative interview approach, its use as a storytelling vehicle, and its effectiveness in combination with other qualitative methods to elicit individuals' experiences and perspectives on the information behaviors which contribute to the social impact of gambling addiction is presented. This focus on the information behaviors of individuals affected by gambling allows them to speak out about a problem that is often side-lined, in part because it has been hidden and remains misunderstood in wider society. Collecting people's lived experiences supports a meaningful analysis of how people navigate information to respond to the problems associated with addiction, creating an understanding of social impact beyond the story of the numbers about addiction and offering policymakers a significant perspective to ameliorate marginalization of individuals.     

A multimodal critical discourse analysis of anti-vaccination information on Facebook

In light of recent outbreaks of measles and other vaccine-preventable diseases, childhood vaccination has been the subject of significant attention and controversy. Much information seeking and debates about vaccines take place on social media, yet the effects of information context-specific factors on parental information seeking and sharing and information source assessment remain unknown. Through the lenses of reductionist thinking and cognitive authority, this study employed a multimodal critical discourse analysis approach to analyze the textual and graphic information within a public anti-vaccine Facebook group. Findings show that parental information seeking and sharing worked to create an isolated, sentimentalized information context favoring immediacy and emotional impact over scientific research and statistical evidence. Because participants shared fundamental beliefs and goals around vaccines, group members held cognitive authority despite the lack of expertise or evidentiary support in their postings. This controversial information-based movement poses challenges and opportunities for library outreach and information provision.     

网络健康社区知识共享的影响因素研究

[目的/意义] 探究网络健康社区知识共享的影响因素,对优化网络健康社区知识服务、促进健康知识的交流与传播具有重要意义。[方法/过程] 将网络健康社区中的知识划分为公共健康知识和个人健康知识,依据社会认知理论构建影响因素模型,并利用结构方程模型进行验证和分析。[结果/结论] 数据分析结果表明,自我效能、利他主义、社会信任、社会认同、感知有用性等变量与公共健康知识和个人健康知识共享行为都呈显著正相关,感知风险与公共健康知识共享行为无显著相关性,与个人健康知识共享行为呈显著负相关。     

电信诈骗情境下受害人欺诈信息接受意愿及其分享行为研究

［目的/意义］ 基于个体信息行为发生动力理论,深入研究受害人诈骗信息接受意愿及其诈骗信息分享行为过程中不同影响因素间的作用机理,对于做好电信诈骗犯罪预防具有重要意义。 ［方法/过程］ 基于"动机-机会-能力"（motivation-opportunity-ability,MOA）模型逻辑框架,从受害人动机因素、机会因素、能力因素三方面建构影响受害人欺诈信息接受意愿及其对欺诈信息分享行为的理论模型,借助IBM-SPSS23.0和AMOS23.0统计软件,通过问卷调查方法、多元统计回归方法对1 398个受害人调查样本进行实证分析和数据处理。 ［结果/结论］ 性别和婚姻状况对于受害人接受欺诈信息意愿存在显著影响;虚假信息"权威性"、对欺诈人员的信任度以及自身贪利心理等动机因素是受害人产生欺诈信息接受意愿的重要驱动力;受害人自我效能感和网络安全识别能力对其欺诈信息接受意愿分别具有正向和负向显著影响,且两者均对欺诈信息接受意愿与其欺诈信息分享行为之间关系具有显著正向调节作用;受害人智能手机依赖程度、个体时间成本均对欺诈信息接受意愿与其欺诈信息分享行为之间的作用关系具有显著正向调节作用。结果表明,打击电信诈骗要多措并举,加强针对虚假信息、名人代言与各类媒体的监管,增强受害人网络安全识别能力,防范智能手机网络金融非理性投资。     

Entertainment media and the information practices of queer individuals

While LIS literature addresses queer individuals' information practices in certain contexts, a gap exists in understanding interactions with entertainment media (EM), which can be broadly defined as fictional and creative non-fiction content such as movies and television. Ten semi-structured interviews with queer individuals and content analysis of EM resources using constructivist grounded theory found that participants viewed EM as a salient part of their identity-related information practices. In particular, participants engaged in discovery practices that included seeking, satisficing, and triangulation, and consumption practices that included validation, fact-finding, evaluation, and creation. Participants discussed the complex and contextual positive and negative attributes of queer-representative EM, as well as their experiences attempting to access such content in information institutions. Findings suggest ways in which knowledge workers may improve EM-related information systems and services to better assist queer individuals.     

网络信息资源共享的哲学思考

网络信息资源共享是社会发展的必然。它是一种理念,是和谐社会的共同价值观,虚实结合、互通有无是其本质特征。网络信息资源共享具有积极和负面的"双刃"效应。对于网络信息资源共享应持的科学态度是坚持可持续发展观、利益驱动观、联合发展观、系统发展观和法制发展观。参考文献18。     

Transparency in policy making: A complexity view

The literature on transparency in participatory policy making is flourishing. With the increased digitization of our world, recent work suggests that the digitally-enabled relationships of how policy makers and citizens observe each other may transform policy making in a fundamental way. In this paper, we use complexity theory to examine how digitally-enabled transparency affects the effectiveness of policy making in aligning citizens with the policy goal to improve collective human welfare. We map Kauffman's NKC fitness landscape model, a generalizable theory of co-evolutionary complexity, to the phenomenon of transparent policy making in order to explain how transparency as an enabling generative mechanism encourages citizens to align with the policy goal without exercising central control. In our framework, citizens are agents who co-evolve by adapting to information available in their citizen landscapes. These landscapes represent the citizens' decision context, which policy makers observe and modify throughout an iterative policy cycle. In our study we identify three types of transparencies that relate to three properties of the citizens' decision context: (1) individual decision interdependence; (2) decision bias; and (3) collective decision interdependence. Using conceptual modeling, a form of inquiry combining formal representation with empirical sense making in three policy domains (e-health, smart transportation, and smart energy), we articulate and empirically validate two generative mechanisms that explain transparency effects for each of the three transparencies: (1) orchestration via iterative landscape “tuning” to reduce ambiguity and simplify citizens' alignment with the policy goal; and (2) social learning via information sharing, a co-evolutionary social “nudge” that encourages citizens to be more open to behavioral changes. Our findings have implications for the literature on transparency in participatory policy making as well as the literature on complexity in public policy and public administration.     

Antecedents and consequences of autonomous information seeking motivation

Autonomously motivated individuals tend to enjoy activities more than those who are extrinsically motivated, and they also tend to invest more effort. Grounded in basic psychological needs theory, the current study examines the motivation of students' autonomous information seeking and its relationship with the amount of effort invested in and enjoyment derived from information seeking. Autonomy support and perceived competence were found to explain 34.7% of the variance in autonomous motivation while autonomous motivation, in turn, explained 13.1% of variance in effort and 25.8% variance in enjoyment. The model indicates a positive relationship between basic psychological needs and autonomous motivation. Higher students' autonomy support and perceived competence levels lead to increases in autonomous motivation to seek information. Higher autonomous motivation levels, similarly, lead to higher levels of effort and enjoyment. Findings confirm that intrinsically motivated students enjoy information seeking more and invest more effort in the activity. This highlights the importance of encouraging students to engage in information seeking independently, while providing the necessary guidance that would increase their competence.     

Global Mistrust in News: The Impact of Social Media on Trust

ABSTRACT

Digital platforms such as search engines and social media have become major gateways to news. Algorithms are used to deliver news that is consistent with consumers’ preferences and individuals share news through their online social networks. This networked environment has resulted in growing uncertainty about online information which has had an impact on news industries globally. While it is well established that perceptions of trust in news found on social media or via search engines are lower than traditional news media, there has been less discussion about the impact of social media use on perceptions of trust in the news media more broadly. This study fills that gap by examining the influence of social media as news sources and pathways to news on perceptions of the level of news trust at a country level. A secondary data analysis of a 26-country survey in 2016 and 2019 was conducted. The analysis revealed an increase in social media use for accessing news resulted in a decline in trust in news media generally across the globe. Higher levels of general mistrust in news were related to an increased use of sharing of news. This paper argues the use of social media for news is closely linked to the increase in news mistrust, which is likely to continue to rise as the number of people using social media to access news continues to grow.     

协同信息搜寻用户情绪影响因素研究——基于自我效能感和任务复杂性

[目的/意义]考察自我效能感与任务复杂性对协同信息搜寻用户情绪的影响,为提升用户信息搜索体验和效率、完善信息搜索系统提供参考。[研究设计/方法]采用模拟实验法,借助一般性自我效能量表(GSES)和情绪自评量表(PANAS)测量自我效能感和情绪体验,研究高/低组自我效能感和低/中/高复杂性任务对协同信息搜寻用户情绪的影响。[结论/发现]自我效能感对协同信息搜寻用户的积极情绪存在显著影响,对消极情绪的影响不显著;任务复杂性对协同信息搜寻用户的积极情绪、消极情绪均不存在显著影响。[创新/价值]对于验证信息行为理论、理解用户信息搜索行为以及完善推送搜索策略具有一定参考价值。