New IT技术驱动下数字孪生图书馆虚实空间融合机理

在New IT新一代技术引导下,用户智能化、数字化的资源服务需求,虚拟现实与泛在感知传感器的融合,将改变传统图书馆的空间形态,推动数字孪生图书馆的诞生。论文通过对孪生图书馆虚实空间样貌、核心要素探讨,依据系统论、全生命周期理念,构建数字孪生图书馆虚实空间多维融合模型和场景融合模型图,并提出孪生图书馆虚实空间模型、数据、服务之间交互融合机制,进而分析虚实空间场景融合的四种模式:空间场景融合、学习场景融合、服务场景融合、文化场景融合。     

The role of IT literacy in defining digital divide policy needs

This article expands our current understanding of the digital divide by examining differences in individuals' IT skills acquisition. In the last two decades scholars have gradually refined the conceptualization of the digital divide, moving from a dichotomous model mainly based on access, to a multidimensional model accounting for differences in usage levels and actors' perspectives. Digital divide views tend to focus on groups of users and user characteristics and focus less on different processes of use. As models of the digital divide became more complex, research focused on deepening the understanding of demographic and socioeconomic differences between adopters and non-adopters. While IT literacy is an important factor in digital divide research, and studies examine user characteristics with respect to IT literacy, few studies make the process of basic IT literacy acquisition their main focal point (Selwyn, 2005). This perspective furthers our thinking by expanding the notion of user characteristics beyond demographic and socioeconomic differences to differences in the processes leading to internet use. Based on a dataset referring to an Italian region, this paper presents a metaphorical interpretation of the digital divide in general and explores the process of IT skills acquisition in particular. Our analysis shows the key role of self-learning and the presence of three distinct approaches in IT skills acquisition leading to different needs in terms of policy. We argue that these preliminary results are a useful starting point for the design of more effective and sophisticated digital inclusion policies.     

How to Talk to IT about Digital Preservation

When an archivist talks with the information technology (IT) personnel about providing access to digital collections, the discussion often proceeds smoothly. They have shared assumptions, the common goal of the platform is well understood by both parties, and the vocabulary used to describe actions, tasks, and items is substantially the same, or at least agreed-upon. However, when the discussion turns to digital preservation, there may be a divergence in priorities and understanding. While the archivist’s priority is on making sure their digital assets are preserved and accessible forever, the IT personnel’s focus may be on making current data publicly accessible, making sure that systems are running smoothly right now. To further complicate matters, IT personnel have been performing an activity that sounds very much like digital preservation: archiving, backups, and storage of multiple copies. This column will explore the convergence and divergence of the archival and IT professions in regards to digital preservation, as well as suggest the topics and questions that need to be discussed so that both parties have a mutual understanding of meeting the needs of providing appropriate digital preservation.     

论数字档案馆的共建与共享

文章以共建共享原则作为立足点,依据档案馆的基本功能,对数字档案馆进行功能定位分析。基于IT服务管理理念,研究多机构共同建设共享型数字档案馆的思路、方法与内容,探讨服务型数字档案馆的共享机制和运营模式。     

Understanding the complexity of electronic government: Implications from the digital divide literature

Theoretically and practically E-Government and the digital divide are intertwined social phenomena. Using sophisticated information technologies (IT) in government has little social value if citizens are not able to use services or interact in political processes in meaningful ways. Similarly, understanding the development and use of IT in government without incorporating a demand perspective would potentially lead to partial explanations of a complex social reality. This article argues that studies about E-Government and the digital divide, which have been relatively disconnected research areas, have important parallels and potential intersections. These parallels may be useful in understanding E-Government projects and policies in a more comprehensive way and, consequently, for developing effective digital strategies. The paper reviews trajectories in E-Government and digital divide research and suggests potential implications drawn from the digital divide literature for E-Government research and practice, including model and theory development, understanding users, and some determinants of demand.     

Confronting connectivity: feminist challenges to the metropolis

Google suggests that connectivity is the new paradigm for politics in the digital age. I argue that the effect of connectivity is a shift in the operation of power from the centralized institutions of the state to the decentralized logistics of inclusion of the digital metropolis. Explaining this power's features, I elaborate a media theory of inclusive disjunction and a feminist theory of pornographic exposure. Locating cultural resistance to connectivity, I look to feminist artistic responses to the city, from which I explore the feminist imagining of connectivity through the metaphor of the storm to reclaim their bodies as sites of contestation.     

An On-Demand and Cloud-Based Digital Scholarship Applications Dashboard

Building on the findings of a 2013 NEH Digital Humanities Start-Up funded project, in early 2016 we began working on an IMLS Sparks! funded project: Digital Scholarship Applications Dashboard. The project is a collaborative initiative between University IT and the Library's Center for Digital Scholarship. We are currently evaluating an efficient and user-friendly dashboard solution that will allow faculty and student to easily choose, configure, deploy, and evaluate any of a set of common web applications in a shared and virtual hosting environment. The service is similar to those offered by commercial hosting providers for deployment of popular web applications, but our Scholars Dashboard service will focus on tools more relevant to digital scholarship and digital humanities. The prototype leverages OpenNebula, an open source cloud-computing platform for managing distributed data center environments, and Amazon Web Services for deploying virtual machines. In this article, we will describe the work we have done in the last year and further discuss the role of digital scholarship teams within academic libraries in providing cloud-based infrastructure for digital scholarship and research.     

数字图书馆中信息咨询服务的新方法

阐述了数字图书馆的信息咨询服务面临的挑战、咨询信息的特征、咨询的新方法;介绍了数字咨询服务的新概念,并提出建立两种相应结构的协作咨询系统:集中式协作咨询服务和分布式协作咨询服务。根据时间和空间的不同,可以获得四种不同模式的咨询服务,即协作咨询会议、分布式实时协作咨询、协作联合咨询以及分布式异步协作咨询。     

区域性文献传递网服务模式探讨

区域性文献传递网是全国性文献传递网的重要组成部分。研究区域性文献传递网服务模式的演变有助于厘清文献传递服务的发展脉络和发展趋势。通过对文献传递服务之中介与非中介模式、手工与自动模式、集中与分散模式的分析,探讨目前区域性文献传递服务存在的主要问题。结合国内外文献传递服务的相关经验,为区域性文献传递服务提供优化对策。     

数字图书馆关键技术的分析与启示(上)

数字图书馆的建设必须依靠高新技术的支撑 ,而研究的策略与盲点对技术的进展具有深刻的影响。本文通过对美、英、法、日、中五国的数字图书馆关键技术的研究进展的分析比较 ,认为我国数字图书馆的研究者们应当更好地与信息技术力量雄厚的机构开展合作 ,充分利用现有的信息技术成果     

高校图书馆数字参考服务述评

本文基于数字参考服务日趋高涨的环境，从服务理念的新境界，异步、同步到合作，无序、有序到整合三个方面，对高校图书馆数字参考服务的理论和实践进行了论述。认为复合参考服务是现阶段的最佳模式，合作参考服务是未来发展的必然趋势。     

Attitudinal Correlates of Selected Nigerian Librarians Towards the Use of Information Technology

The explosion of information technology (IT) since the beginning of the 20th century rendered manual-based library systems, in academic, research, special and public libraries, irrelevant. Implementing information technology in the digital age depends largely on librarians' attitudes. This study examines the attitudinal correlates of selected Nigerian librarians towards the use and application of IT in their libraries. Forty-one librarians were surveyed from the four selected automated libraries in state of Oyo in Nigeria form the study's population. Two research questions were developed to guide the study. The results indicate that four out of the five variables age, gender, educational qualifications and prior knowledge of IT significantly correlate with the librarians' attitudes towards IT. The other variable, IT anxiety, correlates negatively with the librarians' attitudes towards IT. Findings further show that all the five variables significantly predict librarian's attitude towards IT with prior IT experience showing the greatest predictive effect. Based on these findings, libraries in the developing countries should consider sending their librarians, who do not have knowledge of IT, to IT training in order to remove fear and anxiety hindering them from developing a better attitude towards the use of IT in their libraries.     

The adoption of centralized customer service systems: A survey of local governments

This study examines the adoption of centralized customer service systems in local governments in the United States. Survey data is used to show the relationship between different factors of E-Government adoption and the implementation of this information technology (IT). The results of this study show that the adoption of a centralized customer service system was related to the form of government that the local government had and being located in a central city. The results also indicated that the sophistication of the local government's website was related to the adoption of a centralized customer service system. The results of this study did not support the claim that larger cities are more likely to be adopters of this type of IT. Other results indicate that only 15% of local governments have adopted this IT. These information systems are well-integrated with existing online communication methods such as email and the internet. The information from this IT is commonly used by local governments for performance management and budget development.     

论数字图书馆的服务合作

服务合作是数字图书馆不同于传统图书馆的显著特点。信息技术的发展使图书馆传统集中式的服务可以通过网络分布式服务合作实现。服务合作是数字图书馆应对信息增长与需求多元化、信息服务市场化、扩展服务和保持特色化的必然选择。     

面向21世纪高校图书馆管理及其发展研究

21世纪 ,高校图书馆的机构设置必须面向现代信息技术系统的要求 ,按作业需求而设 ,按管理目标而定。比如图书馆可设文献信息整理部、文献信息服务部、信息技术部。文献资源建设布局也应与数字图书馆建设一并考虑。参考文献 10。     

数字图书馆信息服务模式研究

按照服务要素的重要程度划分,数字图书馆服务模式有资源/产品服务模式、馆员中心模式和用户中心模式;按照服务体系中各成员机构间的关联程度划分,有分散服务模式、集中服务模式、分布式服务模式和集成式服务模式。不同的模式各有特点,服务效果也不同。图7。参考文献10。     

数字档案馆云计算建设模式的思考——以北京市区域性数字档案馆为例

本文从云计算重组IT应用模式的本质特征出发,同时结合数字档案馆建设的难点与瓶颈,指出了区域性集约化建设模式是我国数字档案馆的发展趋势,在此基础上,我们以北京市数字档案馆建设为例,分析了区域性数字档案馆的应用特点.     

基于网格技术的军校数字图书馆信息服务模式研究

文章阐述了网格的概念、特点和体系结构,分析了网格技术在军校数字图书馆信息服务中的应用;并提出基于网格技术的军校数字图书馆三种主要信息服务模式：集成服务模式、个性化服务模式和知识服务模式。     

Class act: Designing a portable approach to multimedia library instruction for the remote classroom

Bibliographic instruction programs in many academic libraries have become increasingly reliant upon computer technology. Limited network access and space constraints have often restricted instruction librarians to centralized teaching sites located within individual library facilities. Recent innovations in presentation technology now enable librarians to explore affordable solutions for decentralized instruction. This article describes a practical method used by librarians at Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania for bringing computer-based library instruction into non-networked classrooms and other settings beyond the library's walls.