认知科学在数字图书馆中的应用研究

图书情报领域对认知科学的关注源于对信息查寻的研究,信息查寻早期的研究在许多方面存在局限性.主要可以概括为它们主要从系统的角度来研究信息查寻,这种研究扭曲了信息查寻的实质.它们往往只在信息系统的框架内调查用户行为,更多地关注系统需求而不是用户需求.本文主要从认知的角度探讨了数字图书馆的发展,并分析了认知科学与数字图书馆的关系.     

弥合数字鸿沟促进数字包容:信息社会中图书馆的新使命

为落实联合国2030年可持续发展目标,国际图联与一些国际组织共同发起“图书馆致力数字包容”的共同承诺和“行动呼吁”,国内外图书馆界领导及知名专家学者就“图书馆与数字包容”进行了讨论。饶权指出,随着现代技术的发展,数字鸿沟问题日益突显。中国国家图书馆研究提出建设“全国智慧图书馆体系”的工作思路,以期引领带动各级公共图书馆全面实现智慧转型,在促进数字包容方面发挥更加积极的作用;克里斯汀·麦肯齐阐述了国际图联在支持联合国2030年议程和可持续发展目标方面的工作,特别是目标第16条:“构建和平与包容的社会,使人人享有公正,提高政府机构效率和能力,强调政府和图书馆必须成为数字包容的积极推动者”;杰拉德·莱特纳指出,促进数字包容的任何努力都需要考虑三个方面——互联、内容和能力。缺乏任何一个方面,都不可能完全实现数字包容。图书馆作为社区中心的公共空间、内容的储存空间和门户,以及经验丰富的信息素养教育者,在更广泛的政府战略中都可以发挥自己独特的作用;陈超指出,历史和现实、理论和实践早就告诉我们,公共图书馆肩负着促进人类社会包容性发展的义不容辞的使命。为此公共图书馆必须承担起“弥合数字鸿沟,促进数字包容”的社会责任,让每一个人有机会上网、为每一个人赋能、让每一个人能平等获取信息知识;吴建中认为,我国图书馆界应积极配合国际图联的呼吁与倡议,并发出我国图书馆界强有力的声音。第一,大力宣传我国在保障公民获取基本公共文化服务权益方面的政策及举措。第二,积极推广互联网和数字技术在图书馆的应用。第三,继续提升媒介和信息素养服务的质量;于良芝从个人信息世界的概念出发思考数字鸿沟现象及图书馆的作用,揭示了数字鸿沟的复杂性及社会包容与数字包容的互为条件性,认为这为公共图书馆参与数字包容建设开辟了更广阔的空间;肖珑表示,支持国际图联(IFLA)关于数字包容声明的提出,中国高校图书馆应清醒地认识到信息贫富分化问题的存在,并努力缩小地区差距,保护不同群体利益,促进高等教育的内涵式发展;阿曼达·里德与金·汤普森认为,当危机、变革和挑战来临之际,也是我们努力前行之时,并以一所美国图书馆为例,显示了在新冠疫情这样的危机面前,公共图书馆如何满足当地居民需要,支持社区朝着更加数字包容的社会可持续地发展;金武刚认为,图书馆应当加强科普功能,开发新媒体产品,融入公共传播平台,帮助社会民众辨别网络信息真伪,查询获取正确信息,解决数字包容深层次问题;吴丹与刘静基于技术环境变化的背景,以人与技术的交互为焦点,从“技术→人”与“人→技术”两条路径对数字包容内涵进行扩展并提出了图情领域工作的发展策略。     

数字信息环境下图书馆制度建设及信息服务的调查与分析

文章通过对75所教育部直属高校图书馆制度建设及信息服务的调查,并对其进行数字信息环境的分析,认为制度建设应增加对数字资源及服务的管理规定,信息服务应开展全球服务、集成化服务、数字化服务、特色服务。     

大学图书馆读者教育新探索:基于信息寻求模式分析与建构认知观

文章借鉴Taylor等人对信息需求模式及信息寻求过程的研究,建议读者教育应分层化、目标化、读者需求分析应长期、动态进行.而培养学生的建构性认识学习,可采用教师与馆员在课程中共建学科检索系统等方式进行.     

Problems and Changes in Digital Libraries in the Age of Big Data From the Perspective of User Services

Based on the investigation of the position of user service for constructing digital libraries in the big data era, this paper points out that not only data resources of modern digital library have the characteristics of big data, but also the existing library services need to use big data methods to achieve reform and innovation, including resource transferring, resource utilization, social identity, thinking innovation. We focus on the importance of user services and types of big data resources that digital libraries can utilize, which include big data within libraries such as user behavior data and digital literature resource, and other big data outside libraries such as scholarly big data. We also examine the problems and potential of digital libraries in the age of big data relative to data, technology, services, and users. Using existing big data resources and considering the characteristics of current users' needs from the perspective of users, more effective ideas and methods to improve existing services in digital library can be put forward. At the same time, it is the personalized need of users in the age of big data that constitute the driving factor for the development of digital library from resource-sharing service to user-oriented service.     

数字图书馆信息丰富化:概念、特征及框架

文章从理论与实践两个方面对数字图书馆信息丰富化进行分析、探讨。理论部分主要研究数字图书馆信息丰富化的概念、内涵和特征。实践部分主要从系统的角度对信息丰富化框架进行研究。     

The Role of Public Libraries in Self-Publishing: Investigating Author and Librarian Perspectives

Little is known about self-publishing authors and about the concerns of public librarians regarding how best to support library self-publishing initiatives. This article presents and analyzes a survey of authors participating in programming at the Woodneath Library Center/Woodneath Press. It also presents and analyzes the results of a survey of public librarians. Findings suggest that self-publishing authors in this case study would benefit from author services support, and that librarians require targeted training to provide such support. As libraries explore this potential new role, more needs to be done to support author services in public libraries appropriately.     

数字图书馆智能信息推荐服务满意度影响机理的扎根研究

当前,数字图书馆的信息环境已由信息不足转变为信息过载,其对应的服务模式也应由人找信息转变为信息找人。智能信息推荐服务的应用有助于应对新信息环境转变给数字图书馆带来的新挑战,但目前国内外对数字图书馆智能信息推荐服务满意度的影响机理尚缺乏深入研究。本文利用扎根理论方法,通过对访谈获取的原始资料进行编码分析,提炼出78个初始概念、24个基本范畴和6个主范畴。在此基础上,梳理范畴间的关系路径与作用机制,并构建了数字图书馆智能信息推荐服务满意度影响机理的理论模型。研究结果发现,在用户偏好的调节作用下,推荐系统质量、推荐信息质量、推荐服务质量和推荐形式共同对数字图书馆智能信息推荐服务满意度产生影响。本研究结果可为数字图书馆服务优化与良性发展提供有益参考,具有理论和实践意义。     

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��[Purpose/significance] This paper makes a sorting and review on the existing experimental study of online health information seeking behavior, and makes some specific proposal on future experiment research's extended application, aiming to provide some references for the selection of follow-up study.[Method/process] This paper used qualitative data analysis software to analyze the content of the 41 research literatures on experimental study of online health information seeking behavior, and sorted out 4 aspects of behavior influence factor, behavior type, behavior situation and behavior group characteristics. Through the specific analysis, the experimental content and future extended application's research directions were discussed in detail.[Result/conclusion] On the basis of the totalization of behavior influence factor, the depth of behavior type, the diversification of behavior situation, the multi-dimensional and detail of behavior group characteristics, the future research directions of online health information seeking behavior experiment should focus on those aspects:the applying method of experimental research in real environment, the comparative study of mobile and cross-screen search of health information, the differentiation analysis of especial situation and group and so on.     

网络传播与认知风险:社交媒体环境下的风险信息搜索行为研究

在风险社会中,科技的发展不仅是衡量现代性的核心要素,同时也是催生不确定性的重要原因。社交媒体的发展很大程度改变了风险传播的景观,使得风险认知和媒介信息之间的关系更加复杂。本研究采用问卷调查法对临近核电站建设区域社交媒体用户进行调查,旨在探讨社交媒体环境下的信息对受众风险信息搜索行为的影响。本研究采用结构方程模型的分析方法,从社会认知理论出发考察社交媒体环境中信息的质量对受众反应的作用过程。结果显示信息质量可以通过影响用户的风险认知、风险知识水平和自我效能三个变量影响其风险信息搜索行为,从而证明社交媒体所构建的信息环境会显著作用于人们对于风险的认知和行为反应。本研究的发现期待可以为风险传播中的有效公众沟通策略以及线上风险信息管理提供参考。     

User Navigation in Large-Scale Distributed Digital Libraries: The Case of the Digital Public Library of America

ABSTRACT

This article presents the findings of a case study that examined user navigation in a large-scale digital library in the context of academic use. Using the Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) as a case, the study explored user navigation and understanding of a distributed model of large-scale digital libraries. The DPLA model involves two- or three-step navigation pathways. Most study participants could navigate the DPLA distributed, multilayered system effectively. This study found some confusion among the participants when they must move through a three-step process to locate digital objects provided by a metadata aggregator service hub. The study participants also pointed out the advantages of a distributed model in collocating digital resources and connecting users to a wide range of digital libraries.     

Exploring the Application of Information and Communication Technologies in the Acquisition of Information Resources in Three Academic Libraries in North-West Nigeria: Preliminary Findings

Abstract

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) incursion has brought a lot of changes to libraries activities. ICTs are used to manage libraries more efficiently and in meeting customers’ demands more appropriately at the right time. Despite the contribution of ICTs to library and information work, many libraries are yet to adopt these technologies especially in the acquisitions of library materials. This study was carried out in three selected university libraries in North West Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to: determine the influence of performance expectancy on academic librarians’ intention to use ICT for acquisition; establish the influence of effort expectancy on academic librarians’ intention to use ICT for acquisition; find out the extent of social influence and facilitating conditions on academic librarians’ intention to use ICT for acquisition and lastly to proffer recommendations. This study adopted a positivistic approach and used a questionnaire administered to 224 librarians to collect data in the three selected libraries. The study is guided by the Unified Theory Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) developed by Venkatesh. Findings from the study reveals that academic librarians are supportive on the use of ICT in their work; ICTs are significantly important, trainings were organized mainly for librarians on general use of ICT not only on acquisition, but also on the general issues related to library activities; librarians also have the knowledge necessary to use ICT for acquisition in their libraries. The study recommends among others that the parent universities should increase the funding of their libraries with adequate supervision, so that such funds are well utilized for ICTs application; university libraries should continually sponsor their academic staff on modern computerized ways of using ICTs to source for materials and the acquisition of information resources in academic libraries should be given all the seriousness it deserves by enacting legislation to allocate a reasonable percentage of the university’s budget to it.     

Architects,Renovators, Builders,and Fragmenters: A Model for First Year Students' Self-perceptions and Perceptions of Information Literacy

The transition from high school to college is fraught with academic, social, and emotional changes for first-year students. This year long qualitative study uses cognitive dissonance theory to examine first-year students' changing perceptions of their information literacy competencies throughout their freshman year. Through the examination of students' self-reflections and semi-structured interviews, the study produced cognitive dissonance in students, revealed four information literacy journeys, demonstrated the shifting of students' definitions of research, and shed light on the emotional labor involved in college-level research. Implications for information literacy instruction and future research are discussed.     

Academic Digital Libraries Russian Style: An Introduction to The Fundamental Digital Library of Russian Literature and Folklore

SUMMARY

This article provides an overview of The Fundamental Digital Library of Russian Literature and Folklore (FEB-web). The intersection of philology and information technologies at FEB-web is considered in the context of Russian culture and the Russian academy. Topics discussed include: the FEB-web process for creating digital scholarly editions, the structure of FEB-web, new developments in the FEB-web collections, plans for the future, copyright issues, digitization processes, inter-library cooperation, and the place of digital libraries in constructing civil society in Russia.     

Preserving Russia's Digital Cultural Heritage: Acquisition of Electronic Documents in Russian Libraries and Information Centers

This article discusses collection development strategies for electronic materials, particularly Web content, by Russian libraries and information centers. The author describes multiple methods, including Web harvesting, licensing, and legal deposit. Although there is a long tradition of legal deposit for printed material in Russia, legal deposit of electronic documents is more complex. Recently proposed amendments in the Duma may facilitate the legal deposit process for electronic materials. Electronic documents should be preserved and made accessible for the further development of science, culture, and education in Russia.