以评促学:形成性评价方案设计策略探析

形成性评价是一种"为了学习的评价",有策略、批判性地运用它,可提高学生的自主学习能力及效果。而形成评价方案则是这种潜在效果的关键。本文基于笔者实践中的两个方案的解读,阐述形成性评价方案制定过程中应当遵循需求分析先于教学目标设定、学生参与协商、方案设计的灵活性、多样性等原则。     

构建高职英语网络自主学习评价体系的几点思考

新课程背景下,传统的评价模式难以应对基于网络的学生自主学习。本文从形成性评价的概述和原则出发,结合高职英语新课程评价方案的制定,提出构建一个以形成性评价为主体的多维评价体系,通过科学评价手段促进学生的自主学习,提高高职英语教学效果。     

形成性评价在专业英语教学中的应用

形成性评价是针对学生整个学习过程进行记录的评价。阐述了形成性考核的目的及专业英语课程形成性评价的构建方法,提出了适合专业英语课程的形成性评价方案,并在教学实践中加以应用。应用结果显示,形成性评价可以提高学生的独立学习能力,促进学生的自主与合作学习,加深学生对本专业的认知和对专业知识的理解程度。     

运用形成性评价 反馈与促进学生英语自主学习

所谓形成性评价,是"对学生日常学习中的表现、取得的成绩及所反映出的情感、态度和策略等方面的发展"做出的评价。学生是学习的主体,学生的积极参与和自主学习是形成性评价顺利实施的前提。形成性评价关注的是学习的过程、学习目标和学生的主动性。学生利用形成性评价可以反馈自己分析在英语学习中的薄弱点和存在的问题,也可以独立地管理自己的英语学习过程。这样,学习者的自主性在形成性评价的过程中得到了提高,而学生的自主性反过来又可以提高形成性评价的效果。可见,形成性评价提高了学生的自学能力和自我管理能力。     

形成性评价在高职高专大学英语口语教学中的探索与应用

评价能够使学生收获自己学习状况的反馈,有利于学生提高学习成绩。形成性评价是教学中的一种评价方式,它与终结性评价有着较为显著的区别。形成性评价目的是激励学生积极学习,使学生在体验学习成就感的同时,为教学提出一份修改方案;而终结评价的目的是提交一份含有结果、建议和理由的报告。根据高职高专大学英语口语教学现状,探讨形成性评价在高职高专大学英语口语教学中的运用。     

体育教学形成性评价实施方法研究

形成性评价是对学生的学习过程进行的评价,是一种注重教学过程和学生提升的评价方法。体育教学形成性评价具有诊断、反馈、激励功能,调整、测验、矫正教学设计功能,主题、内容、时段多元化功能及反思、总结、提高功能。体育教学中实施形成性评价需确定形成性学习单元,制订形成性评价方案,划分形成性评价等次,采用多元组合评价方法。同时应坚持个性化评价和学生自我评价为主体,体现评价资料来源的广泛性。     

英语国家概况课程评价体系设计与实施

为客观、公正地评价学生的学习,关注学生学习、成长与发展的过程,以＂英语国家概况＂课程为例,对该课程评价体系的设计思想、方案进行研究,认为要强化对学生形成性考核的评价,并结合几轮的教学实践,对实施效果进行分析。     

英国教学评价的新转变

现代英国中小学的教学评价有三种基本的类型:诊断性评价、形成性评价和终结性评价。诊断性评价的功能主要是用于在教学前了解学生的学习背景和学习的准备情况,以便制定有针对性的学习方案;形成性评价的功能主要是用以在教学进行过程中了解学生的学习进步和学习问题,以便有效地改进学习;终结性评价的功能主要是在教学后评定学生的学习结果,给学生一个等级上的鉴定。英国中小学近年来的评价方针和评价实践,明显的转向是从过去重视诊断性评价和形成性评价到目前大大加强了终结性评价。在访谈中,教师们说,英国学校向来的传统是不重视标准化的考…     

形成性评价在初中英语语音教学中的运用

形成性评价是指贯穿在学习过程中的评价。其主要目的是及时了解学生的学习情况,向学生提供及时的并具个性化特征的反馈,为调整和改进下一步的教学提供依据,从而促进学生的学习,提高教学的效果。形成性评价的形式灵活多样,容易获得关于学生学习过程的信息。下面笔者从三个方面(课堂观察、课堂提问、学习档案)谈在初中英语语音教学中如何运用形成性评价。     

发挥“五员”作用 提升评价质量

正《义务教育英语课程标准(2011版)》提出:英语课程的评价要尽可能做到评价的主体多元化。学生是学习的主体,也是评价的主体。评价应关注学生综合语言运用能力的发展过程,应采用形成性评价和终结性评价相结合的方式。形成性评价指的是通过观察、活动记录、测验和问卷调查等形式对学生学习进行的持续评价,它是伴随学习过程进行的,目的是研究学生学习状态、进程和效果的反馈信息,从而调整教学活动。实践中,组织学习成绩好、组织能力     

The effect of peer assessment on project performance of students at different learning levels

Peer assessment has been increasingly integrated in educational settings as a strategy to foster student learning. Yet little has been studied about how students at different learning levels may benefit from peer assessment. This study examined how peer-assessment and students’ learning levels influenced students’ project performance using a two-way factorial design. One hundred and thirty teacher education students participated in this quasi-experimental study. When working on a technology-integrated lesson plan project, the experimental group completed an online peer assessment process while the control group followed the discussion method. Students’ learning levels were measured and divided into low, average and high achieving according to the quality of their draft lesson plans. Data analysis suggested that the impact of peer assessment on students’ lesson plan project seemed to vary according to students’ learning levels. While low- and average-achieving students showed significantly improved performance right after the integration of a peer assessment model, the model seemed to have had less impact on the performance of high-achieving students. Significance, implications and limitations of findings are discussed.     

卓越医师班“医学科研方法”教学改革探讨

总结苏州大学卓越医师班教学中"医学科研方法"的教学改革,主要方法有:打破学科界限,重新整合教学内容,将原先的医学统计学、流行病学、医学科研方法和文献检索四门课整合成一门综合课;有效运用CPBL教学方法,丰富教学手段,充分调动学习热情;改革考核模式,科学评价学习效果;关注教师成长,合理制订发展规划。     

The individual education plan: a gendered assessment practice?

The focus of this study is gendered differences and similarities in the distribution of individual education plan (IEP) targets given to pupils in Swedish schools. IEP writing is seen as part of teachers’ formal assessment practice. Through qualitative content analysis of data, two main target types emerged: learning targets, related to school subject learning; and being targets, related to personality, behaviour and attitude. Whilst the distribution of learning targets in the different sub-categories was similar for boys and girls, clear differences were found in the distribution of different types of being targets. Possible reasons for the gendered distribution of being targets are discussed from a doing-gender perspective. In addition, the paper discusses what is actually assessed in IEPs, whether there is a relation between the ‘ideal pupil’ and gender and whether the strong focus on being aspects detracts from focus on learning aspects.     

基于元认知的大学英语翻转课堂模式实证研究

基于元认知理论,实证研究翻转课堂教学模式在《大学英语》课程中的应用,并就该模式对提高学生自主学习能力的效果进行评估。该教学模式以Moodle为网络平台,引入元认知策略,引导学生 通过设计学习计划、建立学习档案、参与在线学习+课堂教学、建构双层评价体系等步骤,激发学生使用元认知策略,增强学生的学习自主性、自我管理能力、学习成绩和自信心,提高了对《大学英语》教学认可度。     

形成性评价在课程教学中的应用研究

以大学英语课程教学为案例,通过行动研究,以考察形成性评价对学生学习态度、学习行为及结果的影响程度为目的。采用问卷调查、访谈、学生学习档案等工具采集数据。结果显示,形成性评价的应用确实能给学生的学习态度、动机及学习行为带来积极变化:大多数学生(70%以上)欢迎形成性评价在课堂教学中的应用;学生学习英语的信心更足、积极性更高;学生更愿意花更多时间在平时的学习过程中而非以往的考前突击应付、更注重培养和使用适合自己的学习策略;对学习成绩的提高也起到了良好的促进作用。     

Challenges for self‐assessment in religious education

This article explores the place of self‐assessment in religious education in the light of general research into self‐assessment, particularly as part of assessment for learning. In particular, it analyses the problems of ‘enculturation’ of learners into classroom assessment practice in religious education. The distinction between assessment of learning and assessment for learning is described and, applied to the distinction between learning about religions and learning from religion. The four types of self‐assessment are set out, with an analysis of the challenges facing teachers in getting pupils to apply common current assessment criteria to their own work. Overall, four problems arise from pupils using current assessment criteria. They are identified as: (i) the issue of ‘plasticity’, (ii) the timing of self‐assessment processes, (iii) the problem of assessment of affective qualities, and (iv) the confusion between self‐assessment and learning from religion. Finally, the implications of these problems for both further research and for pedagogy are discussed.     

SPOC环境下数字逻辑电路课程的教学设计与实施

目前,数字逻辑电路课程网络资源利用不够充分,教学方式单一,缺少过程性考核和综合能力考核。课题组通过搭建SPOC教学的软硬件环境,打造新的包含课前、课中、课后和课外的教学设计方案,在教学实施阶段融合软件仿真、在线抢答等多种教学方法,增加综合实践项目模块,设计并采用与之配套的综合考核方案。实际教学效果显示,新的教学设计有助于提高学生的学习积极性,锻炼学生的综合实践能力。     

Assessment for learning? Thinking outside the (black) box

This article draws on a survey of 83 teachers, to explore the concepts of ‘assessment for learning’, ‘assessment’ and ‘learning’. ‘Assessment for learning’ is categorized as meaning: monitoring pupils' performance against targets or objectives; using assessment to inform next steps in teaching and learning; teachers giving feedback for improvement; (teachers) learning about children's learning; children taking some control of their own learning and assessment; and turning assessment into a learning event. Conceptions of assessment include assessment‐as‐measurement and assessment‐as‐inquiry. These conceptions are related to two conceptions of learning: learning‐as‐attaining‐objectives and learning‐as‐the‐construction‐of‐knowledge. The conceptions of assessment‐as‐measurement and learning‐as‐attaining‐objectives are dominant in English educational policy today. The article suggests that these conceptions need to be challenged and expanded, since conceptions held by those who have power in education determine what sort of assessment and learning happen in the classroom, and therefore the quality of the student's learning processes and products.     

Self-assessment to incite learning in higher education: developing ontological awareness

Incorporating self-assessment tasks in higher education involves a conceptual shift of the function of assessment for both learners and teachers. Self-assessment is an innovative assessment initiative that foregrounds ontological knowledge and professional identity in higher education, especially where external professional bodies require additional competencies for learners to be work-ready. As a tool to develop learners’ metacognitive strategies, self-assessment challenges views around learning and assessment. The defined task that constitutes ‘self-assessment’ is considered for two key reasons. First, it is essentially a tool to reflect student-staff partnership in learning and assessment if students are positioned as agentic in the assessment process, and, second, it challenges the relationship between assessment and learning; no longer dichotomous, and more culturally relevant. This paper outlines the introduction of self-assessment over three years in a university postgraduate programme. Using cultural historical activity theory, a framework of analysis that recognises multiple networks of activity, the question ‘what constitutes a self-assessment task?’ is addressed. Results show that the development of self-assessment tasks needs to be considered in the learning-assessment nexus. While these forms of assessment initially unsettle students, they are designed to enable students to participate with an eye on their learning, not the grade.     

What starts to happen to assessment when teachers learn about their children’s informal learning?

Classroom assessment practices are greatly influenced by national and local policies on assessment. Typically, these include accountability requirements for schools to evidence and report their students’ learning in the form of specific learning outcomes, calibrated against national benchmark standards of achievement and progression. An implication for teachers is that their understanding of children’s learning is influenced by an official curriculum that is more likely to be weighted towards particular policy priorities, and desired learning outcomes. This means the knowledge, skills and understanding that children develop outside school are less likely to be included in classroom assessment measures or judgments about desirable progress and achievement. This article explores what happens to teachers’ thinking when they learn about their children’s informal learning outside school and begin to relate to learners in a different way. The findings reported here from a New Zealand three-year longitudinal study identified possibilities for teachers to assess expanded conceptions of children’s learning within the classroom, even though the pressures of assessment against National Standards were ever present. We argue that teachers engaging with knowledge of their students’ informal learning act as a catalyst to rethink and re-conceptualise learning more broadly. Incorporating a strong student voice component in assessment, together with a focus on ipsative assessment, enables teachers to mitigate some of the unintended educational consequences of assessment accountability policies and practices.