PdSi合金与金属Cr膜压痕蠕变研究

蠕变变形是薄膜和微机电系统应用中普遍存在的可靠性问题,因此有必要考察薄膜材料和小体积材料的蠕变行为。采用深度敏感纳米压痕方法对单晶PdSi合金和金属Ni基体上沉积Cr膜进行了室温压痕蠕变研究,分析蠕变应力指数和蠕变机制。结果表明:随硬度减小,蠕变深度增大,在不同应变率下计算得出应力指数PdSi合金在26.3~47.1之间;金属Cr膜在4.1~22.5之间。蠕变变形机制是位错的滑动和攀移,在高应变率下保载阶段瞬时影响更显著。     

火电厂耐热钢的非线性局部化蠕变损伤研究

针对火电厂中蒸汽管道与汽包一类承压部件常用耐热钢材 ,在经历长时间高温高压作用后 ,处于蠕应变Ⅲ阶段过程时 ,发生非线性局部化 (大变形 )蠕变损伤问题 ,给出损伤本构描述 ,提出非线性局部化蠕变损伤本构模型及其数值变分原理与有限元离散化形式 ,从而形成另一种弹塑性蠕变损伤理论与数值变分新方法     

某直升机橡胶减震器动刚度特性试验

以某橡胶减震器为研究对象,ASTM_5992_R2006为依据,采用Bose ElectroForce 3330振动台分别将橡胶减震器的振动频率、振幅、预载荷3个水平因素作为可变参数,进行循环振动试验,并用DMA模块记录力-位移信号获得约3万个数据。利用傅里叶变换对试验数据进行处理,获得了振动频率、激励振幅、预载荷与橡胶减震器动刚度的主要关系。结果表明,不同的预载荷情况下的动刚度曲线成近似的平行关系。预载荷越大,橡胶减震器承载能力越强,动刚度越大。动刚度随频率增大先增大后减小,0~30 Hz,动刚度随频率的增大而增大,增大幅度达到30%;35~50 Hz,动刚度变化相对较小。动刚度值的整体幅度随激励振幅增大而减小。通过对减振器的试验,更加具体地了解了动刚度的影响因素,为橡胶减震器的国产化提供了设计及检验的参考依据。     

不同掺加剂大粒径沥青碎石黏弹性研究

为了研究掺加橡胶粉或玻璃纤维对大粒径沥青碎石黏弹性能的影响,通过单轴静载蠕变试验,得到不同荷载和不同沥青用量下的大粒径沥青碎石应变-时间曲线,并采用Burger模型对其蠕变柔量进行表述,得出以下结论:当w(沥青)=3.3%时,掺有橡胶粉或玻璃纤维的大粒径沥青碎石性能最佳,相较于掺加玻璃纤维的大粒径沥青碎石,掺加橡胶粉的大粒径沥青碎石抵抗瞬时抗变形能力较弱,抵抗永久变形能力较强。随着荷载的增加,掺加玻璃纤维或橡胶粉的大粒径沥青碎石抵抗瞬时变形能力和永久变形能力也逐渐增强。     

滞后型岩爆孕育过程的围岩时效变形

以隧洞围岩的时效变形诱发滞后型岩爆为核心,围绕隧洞围岩的时效变形特性进行声发射辅助岩石三轴蠕变实验和现场微破裂监测实践。研究隧洞围岩在蠕变过程中的微破裂前兆及其时空演化规律,根据卸荷蠕变变形损伤演化规律及蠕变率随时间的发展阶段特征,构建高应力作用下岩体蠕变损伤模型。建立微震活动信息与物理、力学参数变化之间的联系,应用大规模数值分析方法进行不同偏应力作用下隧洞围岩的流变失稳研究。结果表明:深埋岩体隧洞中,岩爆的时间、空间、强度等分布存在较明显的规律性,岩爆发生之前普遍存在一个孕育过程,并伴随着大量微破裂的产生和微震能量的释放(微震前兆),微震活动对岩爆事件普遍具有时间优先性和空间一致性,可利用其指导安全施工,从而为滞后型岩爆预测和安全施工提供新的研究思路。     

基于透明土试验的黏土边坡土体变形特征试验

利用透明土模型试验非介入式、可视化的优点,结合PIV(粒子图像测速)技术研究坡顶分级荷载下黏土边坡土体变形规律。试验结果表明:黏土边坡在滑移过程中,土体位移量加速积累,土体变形主要分为稳定、加速和破坏3个阶段;黏土边坡在失稳过程中土体沿坡顶至坡脚半径最大圆弧面滑动,随荷载不断增加,会在边坡内部形成半扇形区域滑裂带。     

一种基于瞬时蠕变效应的棘轮行为研究

针对316L不锈钢进行了大量的单轴棘轮和蠕变试验,建立了描述该材料单轴短时蠕变演化模型。根据已有的棘轮效应研究结论,该材料的蠕变变形的多项特征与棘轮变形规律一致。提出了棘轮效应和蠕变变形机理一致的假设,认为棘轮变形实质上是材料在应力循环中的瞬时蠕变变形累积所致,在此基础上进一步推导出一套棘轮变形的蠕变算法以计算材料的棘轮变形,取得了较好的预测结果,证实该假设在一定条件下成立。     

大骨料混凝土在双轴压应力状态下的变形和强度试验研究

利用大连理工大学自行研制改造的液压伺服静、动态三轴试验系统对不同骨料级配和尺寸的混凝土试件在双向压荷载作用下的变形和强度特性进行了试验研究.试验所用试件有3种:采用大坝原级配最大骨料粒径为80 mm的立方体试件以及相应的湿筛混凝土试件,尺寸分别为250mm×250mm×250 mm,150 mm×150 mm×150 mm和100 mm×100 mm×100 mm.试验过程中,测得了所有试件两个加载方向的应力和应变,以及未加载方向上的侧向变形,并根据试验结果,系统地探讨了不同级配混凝土的双轴抗压强度、极限变形、应力-应变曲线以及破坏形态的变化规律,发现大骨料混凝土在双轴压作用下的极限强度和变形能力要比相应的湿筛小骨料混凝土提高的更多,最后分别在主应力空间和主应变空间建立了不同级配混凝土的破坏准则,这为水工大体积混凝土按多轴强度理论进行设计提供了试验依据.     

活性瓷釉涂层钢筋混凝土防护墙抗爆性能研究（英文）

目的:活性瓷釉涂层能够显著增强钢筋的防腐蚀能力,同时能够明显提升钢筋与混凝土的粘结力。通过对活性瓷釉涂层钢筋混凝土防护墙在冲击荷载作用下的破坏特征进行试验和数值模拟,为活性瓷釉涂层技术在钢筋混凝土结构中的应用提供理论基础。创新点:1.对活性瓷釉涂层钢筋混凝土防护墙进行爆炸荷载作用下的破坏试验;2.通过数值模拟,探究活性瓷釉钢纤维对钢筋混凝土结构抗爆能力的影响,为结构设计提出建议。方法1.通过对活性瓷釉涂层钢筋防护墙进行爆炸试验(图2),揭示活性瓷釉涂层钢筋混凝土结构的动力破坏特征(图4和5);2.通过数值方法研究活性瓷釉涂层对钢筋混凝土防护墙抗爆性能的影响,揭示在不同钢筋-混凝土粘结强度时钢筋混凝土结构整体性的变化规律(图10、13和15);3.在爆炸试验和数值分析基础上,提出活性瓷釉涂层钢筋混凝土结构抗爆设计建议(图16)。结论:1.活性瓷釉涂层能够显著改善钢筋在混凝土结构中的传力性能;在爆炸荷载作用下,涂层钢筋混凝土结构的破坏程度明显减轻。2.活性瓷釉涂层能够显著改善钢筋混凝土结构的变形特性,并显著增强其耗能能力。3.在采用活性瓷釉涂层进行抗爆设计时,采用直径较小的钢筋可提高结构的吸能能力。     

关于沥青路面剩余寿命的研究方法

永久变形已经成为沥青路面破坏的主要形式.路面的使用寿命往往达不到设计水平.本文从理论分析入手,结合沥青混合料的变形试验,建立路面变形模型,汽车动荷载的模拟等一系列研究,提出一种新的研究沥青路面永久性变形剩余寿命的方法,希望给以后的研究人员提供一种新思路.     

蠕变条件下完整岩石的起裂和扩展准则

The mechanism and criterion of crack initiation and propagation of rocks were investigated by many researchers,And the creep behaviour of rocks was also theoretically and experimentally studied by some scientists and engineers.The characteristics of crack initation and propagation of rocks under creep condition.however,are very improtant for rock engineering and still not paid enough attention by researchers,In this paper,the criterion and mechanism of crack initiation and propagation under creep condition were investigated using specimens collected from sandstone rock formations outcropping in the Emei Mountain,the Sichuan Province of China.Cuboid specimens under three point bending were used in this investigation.All specimens were classified into four sorts and used for Mode-I fracutre of creep frcture tests.The experimental result shows that due to creep deformation.rock crack will inevitably initialt and propagate under a load of KI,which is less than fracture toughness KIC but not less than a constant(marked as KIC2),KIC2 indicates the ability of rock to resist crack initiation and propagation under creep conditions and is less than fracture tough ness KIC.defined as creep fracture toughness in this paper,KIC2 should be considered as an importnat parameter on design and computation of rock engineering.The microstructureal mechanism for crack initiation and propagation of rock materials under creep condition was introduced based on competitive model between softening effect and hardening effect,and the validity of test result was explained.The test result was also verified in rheological theory.When KI is more than KIC2 but less than KIC,rock crack will initiate and propagate after a time interval of sustained loading under creep condition.In order to find the relation between duration of sustained lading.which can lead to crack initiation and propagation,and the initial stress intensity factor KI,an unequal0interval time sequence forecasting and predicting model was introduced,and the relation was obtained for homogeneous and isotropic fine-grained red sandstone.Finally a modified fracture toughness formula was given,in which the influence of fracture process zone(FPZ) was fully considered.     

Strain Growth in Containment Vessels

Strain growth is a phenomenon observed in containment vessels subjected to internal blast loading. The elastic response of the vessel may become larger in a later stage compared to its response during the initial stage. The dynamic responses of infinitely long cylindrical containment vessels subjected to uniformly-distributed internal blast loading are studied using LS-DYNA. The development of bending modes and the interaction between the breathing mode and bending modes are observed. The methodology developed for dynamic elastic buckling analysis is employed to study the strain growth phenomenon in explosion containment vessels. It is shown that the dynamic instable vibration of a containment vessel is the basic mechanism of strain growth.     

成都裂隙性黏土流变特性试验

以成都裂隙性黏土为对象,进行一系列室内试验,探讨了成都裂隙性黏土的流变特性。通过三轴固结不排水蠕变试验,得到不同围压下各级偏应力水平的全过程蠕变曲线和应力—应变等时曲线,对试验结果做了讨论,并建立了蠕变方程。其中应变—时间关系采用伯格斯模型,应力—应变关系采用指数函数的蠕变方程,拟和曲线与试验曲线很好的吻合,较好地表达了土体的应力—应变—时间关系。     

再生混凝土力学性能的研究

对再生混凝土力学性能的研究进行了综述，主要包括再生混凝土力学性能的抗压强度、弹性模量、干缩与徐变。研究表明，和普通混凝土相比，再生混凝土力学性能的抗压强度低，弹性模量小，干缩与徐变较大。最后提出了再生混凝土力学性能需要进一步研究的问题。     

Experimental study on visco-elastic constitutive relationship and its parameters for geogrids

1 Introduction 1 The sheet type geogrids, which are characterized by grid structures with apertures of (10 to 100) mm between longitudinal and transverse ribs respectively are made from pre-extruded high density polyethylene sheets by punching and drawing process, and the drawing process forms the structures of grid and enhances the tensile strength of geogrids to a grea extent. Since the geogrids possess high tensile strength in nature, they are widely used as reinforcement in segmental retai…     

基于边界摩擦的碟簧隔振器力学性能(英文)

为研究边界摩擦对碟簧隔振器力学性能的影响,基于能量守恒定律推导了在考虑边界摩擦时碟簧隔振器的载荷位移迟滞曲线公式.通过有限元分析与静载试验验证了该公式的正确性.在此基础上研究了边界摩擦对碟簧隔振器承载能力的影响,并通过动载试验研究了边界摩擦对碟簧隔振器的动态性能的影响.试验结果表明:边界摩擦可提供较大的阻尼,使得碟簧隔振器具有良好的阻尼特性,其阻尼比可达0.23;隔振器的耗能、动刚度和阻尼特性对加载幅值更为敏感,而对加载频率敏感度较小.该研究成果对碟簧隔振器设计具有重要的指导意义.     

TCS不锈钢典型焊接接头的疲劳性能研究

选取两种不同规格的玻璃纤维土工格栅,首先进行大量的静载强度试验,在此基础上,进行了不同应力水平下的恒幅疲劳试验,研究玻璃纤维土工格栅的P-S-N曲线、滞回曲线以及应变与循环次数的关系。结果表明:玻璃纤维土工格栅的应力-寿命关系可以用幂函数来拟合,其疲劳性能具有明显的脆性材料的特性,疲劳寿命较低;玻璃纤维土工格栅的应变-循环比特性曲线呈现出三阶段变化规律,第一阶段为循环的20%之前,应变增加较快,第二阶段为循环的20%~80%之间,应变变化平缓,第三阶段为循环的80%之后,应变剧增直至破坏。     

In-plane creep buckling of concrete-filled steel tubular arches

The creep-induced deformation of the arch rib of concrete-filled steel tubular （CFST） arches under a sustained load can increase the bending moment, which may lead to earlier stability failure called creep buckling. To investigate the influences of concrete creep on the buckling strength of arches, a theoretical analysis for the creep buckling of CFST circular arches under distributed radial load is performed. The simplified Arutyunyan-Maslov （AM） creep law is used to model the creep behavior of concrete core, and the creep integral operator is introduced. The analytical solutions of the time-dependent buckling strength under the sustained load are achieved and compared with the existing formula based on the age-adjusted effective modulus method （AEMM）. Then the solutions are used to determine the influences of the steel ratio and the first loading age on the creep buckling of CFST arches. The results show that the analytical solutions are of good accuracy and applicability. For CFST arches, the steel ratio and the first loading age have significant influences on creep buckling. An approximate log-linear relationship between the decreased degrees of the creep buckling strength and the first loading age is found. For the commonly used parameters, the maximum loss of the buckling strength induced bv concrete creen is close to 40%     

Damage behavior of steel beam-to-column connections under inelastic cyclic loading

Brittle cracks were observed in the welded beam-to-column connections of steel frames during an earthquake. The crack propagation and accumulated damage to the connections can lead to fractures at much lower ductility ratios. Understanding the connections’ damage behavior during an earthquake is crucial for the design of steel moment frames in seismic areas. Nine full scale beam-to-column connections were tested under constant amplitude and variable amplitude cyclic loading. The effects of loading amplitude, loading history, and peak load on the connection damage were analyzed. The damage characters were studied and three damage evolution models were calibrated and validated based on test results. The damage mechanism was investigated and an effective plastic strain index was developed to evaluate connection damage based on a ductile fracture mechanism. A fatigue fracture mechanics-based model, for evaluating the damage process of beam-to-column connections under cyclic loading, was proposed.